Nanotechnology: Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov tshuaj

Nanotechnology zoo li yuav hloov kho tshuaj rau yav tom ntej. Mus qhov twg 'tsis muaj txiv neej tau mus ua ntej' tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm lub hnub qub nplai, tab sis tam sim no ntawm qhov ntsuas me me thiab.

Nanoparticles me me uas ntau txhiab tus tuaj yeem haum rau lub taub hau ntawm tus pin. Cov me me no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov hlwb ntawm qib molecular thiab tuaj yeem ua qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob niaj hnub no.

Nanomaterials muaj hlau atoms, non-metal atoms, thiab organic los yog semiconducting hais. Lub peev xwm ntawm nanotechnology tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tshuaj hu ua "nanomedicine." Siv nanomedicine, cov kws kho mob yuav kuaj tau thiab kho cov kab mob nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj ntau yam kab mob. Los ntawm xyoo 2028, cov khoom siv nanorobotic programmable thiab nanopharmaceuticals tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm thim rov qab cov teebmeem ntawm atherosclerosis thiab kab mob plawv, pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav, thiab kho cov caj ces yuam kev hauv hlwb. Tom ntej no 15-20 xyoo yuav qhia ib tug evolutionary leap nyob rau hauv kev noj qab haus huv science nrog kev pab ntawm nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tau dhau los ua ib qho kev nyiam tshiab frontier rau cov kev tshawb fawb fledgling. Cov tsev kawm qib siab loj, qee qhov kev koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab ntiag tug, tab tom ua cov kev tshawb fawb uas tuaj yeem ua pov thawj los tsim cov thev naus laus zis uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm penicillin. Cov kws tshawb fawb thoob plaws ntiaj teb tab tom sim thiab kawm txog nanotechnology thiab nws daim ntawv thov hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub. Cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no suav nrog nanoparticles thiab nws cov ntawv thov hauv cov txheej txheem kho mob, cov txheej txheem kuaj mob, cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kho cellular.

Zoo kawg li, Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of Florida tau tsim cov nanoparticle kom kov yeej kab mob siab C, kab mob uas ua rau caws pliav thiab cirrhosis ntawm daim siab. Cov khoom me me nws tus kheej tsis rhuav tshem tus kab mob, tab sis xa cov enzyme uas tiv thaiv kev rov ua dua ntawm tus kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm tus neeg mob yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm lub cev. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias lawv txoj kev tshem tawm tus kab mob siab C yog ze li 100 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tes thiab nas.

Hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws, engineers ntawm University of Michigan tab tom txhim kho txoj hauv kev siv nanotechnology hauv kev phais uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau npaj siab siv lub lens nrog cov pa roj carbon nanotubes los hloov lub teeb rau hauv lub suab nthwv dej uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav. Txoj kev tam sim no ntawm kev siv suab nthwv dej kom tawg rau lub raum pob zeb yog unwieldy. Lub focal point yog qhov loj heev thiab nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau lub hom phiaj cov ntaub so ntswg. Nrog rau nanotechnology tshiab no, qhov tseeb focal tuaj yeem nce 100 npaug thiab cov kws kho mob yuav tuaj yeem txiav thiab tawg nrog lub siab ib leeg, tej zaum txawm tias tsis muaj mob, vim tias qhov focal point yog qhov zoo uas nws tuaj yeem zam cov paj hlwb. Cov txheej txheem phais uas tsis yog phais yuav ua tau zoo yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov nqaij mos.

Cytimmune Sciences, lub tuam txhab nanotech burgeoining, tam sim no tab tom tsim cov tshuaj kho mob uas siv me me 27nm colloidal kub nanoparticles los tsom cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Cov nanoparticles txuas nrog cov qog necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), uas pab ua kom cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, thiab xa mus rau cov qog. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ib txwm muaj rau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha nrog TNF-a raug txo thaum coated nrog nanoparticle nto. Nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj TNF-a, cov neeg mob muaj peev xwm zam tau 20 npaug ntawm cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj ntawm TNF-a, thaum xa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Nanoparticles thaum kawg tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog rau lub cev cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los hloov kho tshuaj. Nws zoo li peb feem ntau yuav ntsib cov teebmeem ntawm nanomedicine yav tom ntej. Tus nqi ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab cov tuam txhab tshawb fawb qhia peb tias nanotechnology yog lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov tshuaj thiab kev noj qab haus huv.