Mafakitole opangira makina: Kupanga ndi kuphunzira

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 14, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR kapena Industry 4.0) yachititsa kuti pakhale mtundu wafakitale wokhazikika. Dongosololi lili ndi intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT), masensa, makamera, ndi maloboti ogwirizana kwambiri (cobots). Komabe, chitukukochi chachepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito za blue collar, ndipo antchito ambiri akuphunzitsidwanso kukhala oyang'anira makina.

Nkhani zamafakitale ochitachita

Fakitale yodzichitira ndi malo omwe makina ndi maloboti amagwira ntchito zambiri zopanga. Makinawa adayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono m'mafakitale, koma munali m'zaka za m'ma 2000 pomwe malo adazindikira kuthekera kokwanira kwa makina. Mafakitole odzipangira okha nthawi zambiri amatha kugwira ntchito popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu.

Mtima wa fakitale yodzipangira yokha ndiyo njira yake yolamulira, yomwe imayang'anira ntchito yonse yopanga. Dongosolo lowongolera limalumikizidwa ndi netiweki yomwe imagwirizanitsa fakitale ndi dziko lakunja, zomwe zimalola mameneja kuti aziyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira kupanga patali. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito m'maofesiwa, amakonda kupanga zambiri ndi zinthu zochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka kwa ogwira ntchito.

Akatswiri ena akukhulupirira kuti makina a fakitale azipita patsogolo mpaka m'ma 2030. Kuphatikiza pakusintha kuchokera kumitundu yotumizira kunja kupita kumagulu ogulitsa zigawo, opanga akutenga njira zanzeru zosinthira kuti zikhale zosinthika komanso zolimba pomwe akubweza ndalama zambiri (ROI). 

Makampani opanga makina opangidwa ndi mapulogalamu amatha kukonzanso mzere, kusintha zomwe amapanga pamene msika ukusintha, komanso kukopera mosavuta njira zonse. Amatha kupewa nthawi yochepetsera komanso ndalama zoyambira zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepera poganizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Ndi mtundu uwu wadongosolo, komanso ma modular hardware ndi ma robotic osinthika, opanga amatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mizere yawo yopanga.

Zosokoneza

Akatswiri ena aukadaulo amakhulupirira kuti zitukuko zofulumira zamakina opangira makina azidachitika. Choyamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina amapasa a digito kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito, kulosera zofunikira pakukonza, ndikuthetsa mavuto. Nthawi yomweyo, nzeru zamakina zimasuntha kuchoka pamunthu payekhapayekha mkati mwa makina/roboti iliyonse kupita kudongosolo lapakati lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta amtambo.

Kusintha kumeneku kumalola opanga kugwiritsa ntchito bwino nzeru zamagetsi (AI) pantchito zawo. Komabe, zochitikazi zimafuna makompyuta ovuta kwambiri, mauthenga, ndi machitidwe oyendetsa deta kuti athe kusamalira deta ndi latency (nthawi yomwe imafunika kuti chizindikiro chifike pazida). Ndi ntchito zonse zam'mphepete, pali kufunikira kwa ma micro data centers omwe amamangidwa momveka bwino kuti agwiritse ntchito, zomwe zimalola teknoloji kuti ikhale yosamalidwa bwino ndi kutumizidwa mwamsanga.

Chitukuko china ndikuphatikiza antchito osakanizidwa a cobot, kuthekera kogwirizanitsa zochitika, ntchito za anthu, ndi luntha ndi matekinoloje ngati maloboti odziyimira pawokha pantchito zomwe anthu safuna kapena safunikira kuchita. Zitsanzo ndi makina owonera makina omwe amadzipangitsa kuti azitsatira ndi kuwongolera khalidwe ndi makamera apamwamba ndi mapulogalamu ndi chizindikiritso cha radio-frequency (RFID) kuti azitsatira zomwe zilipo. Ukadaulo wamtunduwu umakulitsa luso la anthu ndikupatsa mphamvu antchito apatsogolo m'malo mowalowetsa m'malo. 

Zotsatira za mafakitale opanga makina

Zowonjezereka za mafakitale opanga makina zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kusuntha kosangalatsa pakukonzanso malo opangira zinthu, monga mafakitale opanga makina amatsutsa zabwino zomwe anthu otsika mtengo ochokera kumayiko omwe akutukuka amapereka amapereka makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
• Kufikira kumtunda kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa ndalama m'mayiko omwe akudalira ndalama zakunja.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito IoT ndi 5G kuthandiza oyang'anira anthu kupanga zisankho zofunika ndikupewa kutsika kapena ngozi zenizeni.
• Kutumizidwa kwa ma micro data centers pafupi kapena mkati mwa mafakitale kuti awonetsetse kuti cloud computing mosalekeza ndikutsegula pafupi ndi nthawi yeniyeni.
• Kutumizidwa kwa matekinoloje obiriwira ochulukirapo m'mafakitole kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni ndikubwezeretsanso zida zokanidwa kapena zinthu zolakwika.
• Ogwira ntchito amakweza luso kuchokera ku ntchito yamanja kupita ku zovuta zamakina ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma cobots ovuta koma osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
• Makina a AI monga Google Cloud's Visual Inspection AI akuphatikizidwa kwambiri m'malo kuti aziyang'anira kupanga mizere, kuphatikiza kuzindikira zolakwika zazinthu.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Ndi mitundu ina ya mafakitale kapena magawo ati omwe angagwiritse ntchito zoyeserera zokha? Kodi izi zingakhudze bwanji antchito?
• Kodi makina odzipangira okha akhudzanso bwanji momwe anthu amagwirira ntchito m'mafakitale?