Kuyang'anira kusintha kwa nyengo kuchokera mumlengalenga: Manja onse ali pamtunda kuti apulumutse Dziko Lapansi

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• October 11, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Asayansi ayenera kudziwa zotsatira zenizeni za kusintha kwa nyengo kuti apange njira zabwino zochepetsera komanso ukadaulo. Ma satellites ena owonera dziko lapansi ndi matekinoloje otengera mlengalenga akugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chidziwitso chodalirika, chanthawi yayitali chokhudza momwe mpweya wowonjezera kutentha wakhudzira dziko lapansi. Chidziwitsochi chimathandizira ochita kafukufuku kuti awone zochitika zomwe zikubwera ndikupanga zolosera zolondola.

Kuyang'anira kusintha kwa nyengo kuchokera mumlengalenga

Kuyang'anira chilengedwe kudzera m'masetilaiti owonera dziko lapansi kumathandizira kwambiri kumvetsetsa zachilengedwe komanso mlengalenga wa dziko lapansi. Masetilaitiwa ndi ofunikira poyang'ana madera omwe maziko apansi sangatheke. Mwachitsanzo, pamoto wowononga nkhalango ku Australia kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019, ma satellite adathandizira kwambiri kutsata zomwe motowu umachita pamayendedwe akutali, kuphatikiza mtunda wa makilomita 15,000 ku US. Kupatula kutsata zochitika zapadziko lapansi, ma satelayitiwa ndi ofunikira pamaphunziro a zanyanja. Popeza kuti nyanja zimaphimba pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya dziko lapansi, ndizofunika kwambiri kuti zithetse nyengo yathu, kuyamwa mpweya wa carbon dioxide, ndikuthandizira zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zimapereka chakudya kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Tsogolo laukadaulo wa satellite lakonzeka kubweretsa kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakumvetsetsa kwathu Padziko Lapansi. Chimodzi mwazinthu zoterezi ndikupanga mapasa olondola kwambiri a digito a Earth. Mtundu wa digitowu uthandiza asayansi kutengera zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndikuwunika zomwe zingachitike, kukulitsa luso lathu lolosera komanso kuchepetsa zovuta zachilengedwe. Malire otsatirawa pakuwunika kochokera mumlengalenga akuphatikiza ma hyperspectral meteorology mishoni. Mishoni izi cholinga chake ndi kupereka chidziwitso cha mbali zitatu chokhudza mlengalenga wa Dziko Lapansi, kupitilira zomwe zili pamtunda. Izi sizidzangopereka chidziwitso chozama pazochitika za mumlengalenga monga kuyenda kwa mpweya, kuipitsidwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho komanso kumatithandiza kuwunika momwe madzi alili, zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, ndi zizindikiro zina zofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe.

Zotsatira za kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa satellite ndi zazikulu. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane komanso chapanthawi yake, ofufuza azitha kuwona momwe chilengedwe chimayendera padziko lonse lapansi mwatsatanetsatane. Izi zidzathandiza kulosera molondola kwambiri za zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo, kuphatikizapo kuchitika kwa chilala, kutentha kwa kutentha, ndi moto wa nkhalango. Kuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane kotereku ndikofunikira kwambiri pokonza njira zothana ndi zovuta zachilengedwezi. 

Zosokoneza

Mu 2021, US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ndi European Space Agency (ESA) adalengeza mgwirizano wowunika momwe kusintha kwanyengo kumakhudzira Dziko Lapansi pogawana deta ndi ma analytics a satellite. Mabungwe onsewa ali ndi zida zotsogola kwambiri komanso magulu owunikira malo ndi kafukufuku. Malinga ndi kutulutsidwa kwa atolankhani a ESA, mgwirizanowu ukhala ngati chitsanzo cha mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wamtsogolo, kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi kusintha kwanyengo ndikuyankha zovuta kwambiri mu sayansi ya Earth. Mgwirizanowu uli pamwamba pa ntchito zomwe zilipo kale monga Earth System Observatory. Pulojekitiyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito zapadziko lapansi kuti zipereke deta zofunika zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kupewa masoka, moto wa nkhalango, ndi njira zaulimi zenizeni. 

Pakadali pano, mu 2022, NASA idalengeza mapulani ake oyambitsa projekiti ya satellite yotchedwa TROPICS (Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and Storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats). Bungweli likhazikitsa ma satelayiti ang'onoang'ono asanu ndi limodzi (zing'onozing'ono) kuti amvetsetse momwe mphepo yamkuntho imapangidwira, zomwe zakhala zovuta kulosera. Magawowa ali ndi ma radiometer a ma microwave omwe amathandizira olosera kuti azitha kuwona zomwe sizikuwoneka ndi maso.

Zambirizi zidzatumizidwanso ku Dziko Lapansi kuti zikhale zolosera zanyengo. Mu 2021, satellite yoyesa idakhazikitsidwa, yomwe idapereka chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza mphepo yamkuntho ya Ida. Popeza mphepo yamkuntho ikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, deta yowonjezerekayi idzathandiza ochita kafukufuku kutsata mikuntho yotentha molondola.

Zotsatira zakuwunika kusintha kwanyengo kuchokera mumlengalenga

Zotsatira zakuwunika kwakusintha kwanyengo kuchokera mumlengalenga zitha kukhala monga: 

• Makampani ambiri, monga SpaceX, akuyang'ana kwambiri kupanga ma satelayiti opangidwa ndi luntha komanso ma drones kuti athe kuyang'anira mlengalenga.
• Kuchulukirachulukira kwa mabizinesi owonera dziko lapansi omwe amapereka matekinoloje osiyanasiyana owunikira, monga kuyeza mapazi anyumba ndikuwongolera kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya.
• Kuchulukitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana am'mlengalenga kuti agawane zambiri zofunika. Komabe, mgwirizanowu udzadalira momwe ndale ndi malamulo amlengalenga amapangidwira.
• Oyambitsa amapanga mapasa a digito amizinda, nkhalango zamvula, nyanja zamchere, ndi zipululu kuti aziwunika kusintha kwanyengo.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mikangano ya momwe kuchuluka kwa ma satelayiti, poyang'anira ndi ntchito zamalonda, kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa akatswiri a zakuthambo kuphunzira zakuthambo.
• Makampani a inshuwaransi akusintha ndondomeko ndi malipiro malinga ndi deta yolondola ya chilengedwe, zomwe zimatsogolera kuwunika kolondola kwa ngozi za masoka achilengedwe.
• Okonza mapulani akumatauni akugwiritsa ntchito deta yowonjezereka ya setilaiti kuti apange mizinda yomwe imagwirizana bwino ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madera akumidzi azikhala olimba.
• Mafakitale aulimi akugwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito satellite kuti akwaniritse zokolola komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chakudya chokwanira komanso ulimi wokhazikika.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi maboma angagwirizanitsenso bwanji poyang'anira kusintha kwa nyengo kuchokera mumlengalenga?
• Ndi matekinoloje ena ati omwe angathandize asayansi kuyang'anira kuchokera mumlengalenga?