Ho beha leihlo phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo ho tloha sebakeng: Matsoho ohle a lutse mokatong oa ho pholosa Lefatše

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• October 11, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Bo-ramahlale ba hloka ho tseba litlamorao tse ikhethang tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo ho theha maano le mahlale a betere a phokotso. Lisathelaete tse ling tsa ho shebella Lefatše le theknoloji e thehiloeng sebakeng li ntse li sebelisoa ho fana ka boitsebiso bo tšepahalang, ba nako e telele mabapi le hore na likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše li amme lefatše joang. Boitsebiso bona bo thusa bafuputsi ho bona mekhoa e hlahang le ho etsa ponelo-pele e nepahetseng haholoanyane.

Ho beha leihlo phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo ho latela maemo a sebaka

Tlhokomelo ea tikoloho ka lisathelaete tse shebileng Lefatše e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho utloisisa tikoloho ea polanete ea rona le sepakapaka. Lisathelaete tsena li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho bona libaka tseo ho tsona lisebelisuoa tse thehiloeng fatše li sa khoneheng. Mohlala, nakong ea mello e mpe ea lihlahla Australia bofelong ba selemo sa 2019, li-satellite li ile tsa thusa ho latedisa phello ea mello ena boleng ba moea libakeng tse hole, ho kenyeletsoa bohole ba lik'hilomithara tse 15,000 ho la US. Ntle le ho latela liketsahalo tsa lefats'e, li-satellite tsena li bohlokoa lithutong tsa maoatle. Ka lebaka la hore maoatle a koahela hoo e ka bang karolo ea 70 lekholong ea holim'a Lefatše, ke senotlolo sa ho laola boemo ba leholimo ba rona, ho monya carbon dioxide, le ho tšehetsa bophelo ba leoatleng bo fanang ka lijo ho baahi ba lebōpong la leoatle.

Bokamoso ba theknoloji ea satellite bo mothating oa ho tlisa tsoelo-pele e kholo kutloisisong ea rona ea Lefatše. E 'ngoe ea tsoelo-pele e joalo ke ho theha lefahla le nepahetseng haholoanyane la Dijithale la Lefatše. Moetso ona oa dijithale o tla thusa bo-ramahlale ho etsisa maemo a fapaneng le ho lekola liphetho tse ka bang teng, ho matlafatsa bokhoni ba rona ba ho bolela esale pele le ho fokotsa mathata a tikoloho. Moeli o latelang oa tebello e thehiloeng sebakeng o kenyelletsa mesebetsi ea hyperspectral meteorology. Maikemisetso ana a sepheo sa ho fana ka lintlha tse felletseng tsa likarolo tse tharo mabapi le sepakapaka sa Lefatše, ho feta data ea boemo bo holimo. Lintlha tsena tse ntlafalitsoeng li ke ke tsa fana ka leseli le tebileng feela mabapi le liketsahalo tsa sepakapaka joalo ka maeto a moea, tšilafalo le lifefo empa hape e tla ntlafatsa bokhoni ba rona ba ho beha leihlo boleng ba metsi, mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng le matšoao a mang a bohlokoa a tikoloho.

Litlamorao tsa tsoelo-pele ena ea theknoloji ea satellite li matla haholo. Ka tlhaiso-leseling e batsi le e nakong, bafuputsi ba tla khona ho bona mekhoa ea tikoloho ea lefats'e ka nepo e kholo. Sena se tla nolofaletsa ho bolela esale pele ka nepo haholoanyane liphello tsa phetoho ea tlelaemete, ho akarelletsa le ho hlaha ha komello, maqhubu a mocheso le ho cha ha meru. Maikutlo a joalo a qaqileng ke a bohlokoa bakeng sa ho rala maano a ho sebetsana le mathata ana a tikoloho. 

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ka 2021, US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) le European Space Agency (ESA) li phatlalalitse tšebelisano 'moho ho lekola hore na phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e ama Lefatše joang ka ho arolelana data ea sathelaete le analytics. Mekhatlo ena ka bobeli e na le lisebelisoa le lihlopha tse tsoetseng pele haholo bakeng sa ho lekola sebaka le lipatlisiso. Ho latela phatlalatso ea boralitaba ea ESA, tumellano ena e tla sebetsa e le mohlala bakeng sa tšebelisano ea machaba ea nako e tlang, e fane ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa ho rarolla phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le ho araba litaba tse hatellang ka ho fetesisa tsa mahlale a Lefatše. Tšebelisano ena e holim'a merero e kopanetsoeng e teng joaloka Earth System Observatory. Morero oa ho shebella o shebane haholo le mesebetsi e thehiloeng Lefatšeng ho fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, thibelo ea likoluoa, mello ea meru le mekhoa ea temo ea nako ea nnete. 

Ho sa le joalo, ka 2022, NASA e phatlalalitse merero ea eona ea ho qala morero oa sathelaete o bitsoang TROPICS (Sebopeho sa Nako-Resolved Observations of Precipitation and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats). Setsi sena se tla kenya li-satellite tse nyenyane tse tšeletseng (li-smallsats) ho pota-pota ho utloisisa hamolemo hore na maholiotsoana a tropike a thehoa joang, ao ho bileng thata ho a bolela esale pele. Litsi tsena li na le li-radiometer tsa microwave tse tla nolofalletsa linohe ho bona liketsahalo tse sa bonahaleng ka mahlo.

Lintlha li tla fetisetsoa Lefatšeng bakeng sa mehlala ea lipalo tsa boemo ba leholimo. Ka 2021, ho ile ha qalisoa satellite ea liteko, e faneng ka leseli la bohlokoa ka Leholiotsoana la Ida. Ha maholiotsoana a ntse a eketseha ka lebaka la phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo, boitsebiso bona bo eketsehileng bo tla thusa bafuputsi ho latela lifefo tsa tropike ka nepo haholoanyane.

Litlamorao tsa ho beha leihlo phetoho ea maemo a leholimo ho tloha sebakeng

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa ho beha leihlo phetoho ea tlelaemete ho tloha sebakeng li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Likhamphani tse ling, joalo ka SpaceX, li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho theheng lisathelaete tse tsamaisoang ke bohlale ba maiketsetso le li-drones bakeng sa ho lekola sebaka.
• Palo e ntseng e eketseha ea likhoebo tsa ho shebella lefatše tse fanang ka mahlale a fapaneng a ho beha leihlo, joalo ka ho lekanya mehato ea mocheso ea meaho le ho laola tšilafalo ea moea.
• Ho eketsa likamano lipakeng tsa mekhatlo e fapaneng ea sebaka ho arolelana tlhahisoleseling ea bohlokoa. Leha ho le joalo, tšebelisano-'moho ena e tla itšetleha ka hore na lipolotiki le melaoana ea sebaka li hlahisoa joang.
• Li-Startups li theha mafahla a dijithale a litoropo, meru ea pula, maoatle le mahoatata ho lekola phetoho ea maemo a leholimo.
• Lipuisano tse ntseng li eketseha tsa hore na palo e ntseng e eketseha ea lisathelaete, molemong oa ho beha leihlo le khoebo, e thatafalletsa litsebi tsa linaleli ho ithuta sebaka.
• Lik'hamphani tsa inshorense li fetola maano le litefiso tse thehiloeng ho data e nepahetseng haholoanyane ea tikoloho, e lebisang tlhahlobong e nepahetseng ea likotsi tsa likoluoa ​​​​tsa tlhaho.
• Baqapi ba litoropo ba sebelisa lintlha tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa sathelaete ho rala litoropo tse ikamahanyang hamolemo le maemo a leholimo a fetohang, e leng se etsang hore ho be le tikoloho ea litoropo e tsitsitseng haholoanyane.
• Liindasteri tsa temo li sebelisa mekhoa ea ho beha leihlo ka sathelaete ho ntlafatsa chai le tšebeliso ea lisebelisuoa, e leng se lebisang ho eketseng tšireletseho ea lijo le mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea temo.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Mebuso e ka boela ea sebelisana joang ho hlokomela phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo sebakeng?
• Ke mekhoa efe e meng ea thekenoloji e ka thusang bo-rasaense hore ba shebe ba le sepaka-pakeng?