Kukhazikika kwa mzinda wa Smart: Kupanga ukadaulo wamatawuni kukhala wabwino

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• July 22, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Mizinda yanzeru ikusintha madera akumatauni kukhala malo okhazikika komanso abwino kwambiri pophatikiza matekinoloje monga ma smart traffic system ndi Internet of Things (IoT) -kuwongolera zinyalala. Mizinda imeneyi ikamakula, imayang'ana kwambiri njira zothandizira zachilengedwe za IT komanso njira zatsopano zochepetsera kutulutsa mpweya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Komabe, zovuta monga kukwera mtengo komanso nkhawa zachinsinsi zimafunikira kukonzekera bwino ndikuwongolera kuti phindu la mizinda yanzeru likukwaniritsidwa popanda zotsatira zosayembekezereka.

Kukhazikika kwa mzinda wa Smart city

Pamene dziko likuchulukirachulukira, momwemonso kumvetsetsa kwathu tanthauzo la kukhala mu "mzinda wanzeru." Zomwe poyamba zinkaganiziridwa ngati zam'tsogolo komanso zopanda ntchito zikukhala gawo lofunika la zomangamanga za mzinda; kuchokera kumakina owongolera magalimoto anzeru, kuyatsa kwamagetsi mumsewu, kupita kumayendedwe a mpweya ndi zinyalala zophatikizidwa mu maukonde a IoT, matekinoloje anzeru akumizinda akuthandizira madera akumatauni kukhala okhazikika komanso ogwira mtima.

Pamene dziko likupitilira kukumana ndi vuto la kusintha kwa nyengo, opanga mfundo akuyang'anitsitsa ntchito zomwe mizinda ingagwire pochepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni m'maiko awo. Kuyambitsa kwanzeru kwamizinda yokhala ndi mayankho okhazikika kwakopa chidwi chowonjezereka kuchokera kumatauni kuyambira kumapeto kwa 2010s, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Pamene anthu akuchulukirachulukira m’mizinda, maboma akufufuza njira zopangira mizinda kuti ikhale yogwira mtima. Njira imodzi ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono kusonkhanitsa deta kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti apereke njira zothetsera chuma ndi zothandizira. Komabe, kuti mizinda yanzeru ikhale yokhazikika, matekinoloje amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira yosawononga zinthu zochepa. 

Green Information Technology (IT), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti green computing, ndi gawo lazachilengedwe lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kupanga zinthu za IT ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino zachilengedwe. Green IT ikufuna kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe popanga, kuyendetsa ndi kutaya katundu ndi ntchito zokhudzana ndi IT. M'nkhaniyi, matekinoloje ena anzeru akhala akudzudzulidwa chifukwa chokhala okwera mtengo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuposa njira zachikhalidwe. Okonza mizinda ayenera kuganizira izi pakupanga kapena kukonzanso mzinda ndi matekinoloje otere.

Zosokoneza

Pali njira zingapo zomwe ukadaulo ungapangire mizinda yanzeru kukhala yokhazikika. Chitsanzo ndi mawonekedwe apakompyuta kuti makompyuta asadalire kwambiri pazachilengedwe, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Cloud computing ingathandizenso mabizinesi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa poyendetsa mapulogalamu. Undervolting, makamaka, ndi njira yomwe CPU imazimitsa zinthu monga chowunikira ndi hard drive pakatha nthawi yokhazikika. Kupeza mtambo kuchokera kulikonse kumalimbikitsa teleconferencing ndi telepresence, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha wokhudzana ndi maulendo ndi maulendo amalonda. 

Mizinda padziko lonse lapansi ikuyang'ana njira zochepetsera kutulutsa mpweya komanso kuchulukana, ndipo mabizinesi akulimbikitsana kuti apange njira zatsopano zokhazikika. Oyambitsa mzinda wa Smart ali ndi chiyembekezo kuti msonkhano wapachaka wa UN Climate Change upitiliza kupereka mwayi kwa atsogoleri apadziko lonse lapansi kuti apitilize kuyika ndalama muukadaulo wodalirika. Kuchokera ku New York kupita ku Sydney kupita ku Amsterdam kupita ku Taipei, mizinda yanzeru ikugwiritsa ntchito njira zaukadaulo zobiriwira monga WiFi yofikirako, kugawana panjinga zopanda zingwe, malo olumikizira magalimoto amagetsi, ndi ma feed a kanema m'malo otanganidwa kuti magalimoto aziyenda bwino. 

Mizinda yogwira ntchito ikuyang'ananso kuchepetsa mayendedwe awo a kaboni pokhazikitsa ma sensor-based smart metres, malo ogwirira ntchito limodzi, kukonzanso malo aboma, ndikupangitsa kuti ma foni amtundu wa anthu azipezeka. Copenhagen ikutsogolera njira yophatikizira matekinoloje kuti mzindawu ukhale wobiriwira komanso kuti moyo ukhale wabwino. Mzindawu ukufunitsitsa kukhala mzinda woyamba padziko lonse lapansi wosalowerera ndale pofika chaka cha 2025, ndipo Denmark yadzipereka kukhala yopanda mafuta pofika chaka cha 2050. 

Zotsatira za kukhazikika kwa mzinda wa smart

Zotsatira zakukula kwa kukhazikika kwa mzinda wanzeru zingaphatikizepo: 

• Zoyendera zapagulu zophatikizira masensa kuti muwongolere njira komanso kuchepetsa kuchulukana kwa magalimoto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuchulukana kwamatawuni komanso njira zoyendetsera bwino zapagulu.
• Smart mita imathandizira kuyang'anira kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka magetsi munthawi yeniyeni, kuwongolera kasungidwe kamagetsi ndikuchepetsa mtengo kwa ogula ndi mabizinesi.
• Zitini za zinyalala zokhala ndi masensa kuti azindikire kudzaza, kupititsa patsogolo ukhondo wa m'matauni ndikuchepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zowononga zinyalala.
• Kuchulukitsa ndalama zaboma zamaukadaulo anzeru akumizinda, kuthandizira zolinga zochepetsera mpweya wa kaboni ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika m'matauni.
• Kukula kwa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wamatawuni anzeru, kupangitsa mwayi wochuluka wa ntchito ndikuyendetsa luso laukadaulo wobiriwira.
• Kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu m'nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito makina otenthetsera, kuziziritsa, ndi kuyatsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
• Mizinda ikupanga mapologalamu obwezeretsanso potengera deta yochokera ku zinyalala zokhala ndi sensa, kuwongolera bwino kasamalidwe ka zinyalala komanso kusungitsa chilengedwe.
• Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha anthu komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwadzidzidzi m'mizinda yanzeru pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula zenizeni zenizeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yoyankha mwachangu komanso kupulumutsa miyoyo.
• Zomwe zingakhudze zachinsinsi pakati pa nzika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masensa m'malo a anthu, kufunikira kwa malamulo atsopano ndi mfundo zoteteza ufulu wachinsinsi wamunthu.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Ndi matekinoloje ati anzeru ndi okhazikika omwe mzinda kapena tawuni yanu ikugwiritsa ntchito?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti mizinda yanzeru ingathandize bwanji kuchepetsa kusintha kwanyengo?