Ukusimama kwedolobha elihlakaniphile: Ukwenza ubuchwepheshe basemadolobheni bube nesimilo

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• July 22, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Amadolobha ahlakaniphile aguqula izindawo zasemadolobheni zibe izikhala ezizinzile nezisebenza kahle ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nezinhlelo zethrafikhi ezihlakaniphile kanye nokuphathwa kukadoti okusekelwe ku-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). Njengoba la madolobha ekhula, agxila kuzixazululo ze-IT ezilungele imvelo nezindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Kodwa-ke, izinselele ezifana nezindleko eziphezulu kanye nokukhathazeka kobumfihlo kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokulawulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinzuzo zamadolobha ahlakaniphile zitholwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela ebingahlosiwe.

Ingqikithi yokusimama kwedolobha elihlakaniphile

Njengoba umhlaba uya ngokuya uba yidijithali, kanjalo nokuqonda kwethu ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuphila “edolobhaneni elihlakaniphile.” Okwake kwacatshangwa njengekusasa futhi okungabalulekile kuba yingxenye ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yedolobha; kusukela ezinhlelweni ezihlakaniphile zokulawulwa kwethrafikhi, kuya ekukhanyeni okuzenzakalelayo emigwaqweni, kuya kukhwalithi yomoya kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula imfucuza ezihlanganiswe kumanethiwekhi e-IoT, ubuchwepheshe bedolobha elihlakaniphile busiza izindawo zasemadolobheni ukuthi zisimeme futhi zisebenze kahle.

Njengoba umhlaba uqhubeka nokubhekana nenkinga yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, abenzi benqubomgomo babhekisisa iqhaza elingabanjwa amadolobha ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emazweni awo. Ukuqaliswa kwedolobha elihlakaniphile elinezixazululo zokusimama kudonse ukunakwa okwengeziwe komasipala kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-2010, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Njengoba inani labantu basemadolobheni liqhubeka likhula, ohulumeni bafuna izindlela zokwenza amadolobha aphumelele. Enye indlela iwukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukuqoqa idatha emithonjeni ehlukahlukene ukuze kuhlinzekwe izixazululo zokuphatha impahla nezinsiza. Kodwa-ke, ukuze amadolobha ahlakaniphile akwazi ukusimama, ubuchwepheshe kufanele busetshenziswe ngendlela engachithi izinsiza ezinomkhawulo. 

I-Green Information Technology (IT), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-green computing, iyingxenye yezemvelo ephathelene nokwenza imikhiqizo ye-IT nezinhlelo zokusebenza zivumelane nemvelo. I-Green IT ihlose ukunciphisa imithelela eyingozi yemvelo yokukhiqiza, ukusebenzisa kanye nokulahla izimpahla namasevisi ahlobene ne-IT. Kulo mongo, obunye ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile buye bagxekwa ngokubiza nokusebenzisa amandla amaningi kunezindlela ezijwayelekile. Abahleli basemadolobheni kufanele bacabangele le mithelela yokuklama noma ukulungisa kabusha idolobha ngobuchwepheshe obunjalo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ubuchwepheshe obungenza ngazo amadolobha ahlakaniphile asimeme. Isibonelo ukwenza ikhompuyutha incike kakhulu kwingqalasizinda ebonakalayo, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi. I-Cloud computing ingasiza futhi amabhizinisi ukuthi asebenzise amandla amancane lapho esebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza. I-Undervolting, ikakhulukazi, inqubo lapho i-CPU ivala khona izingxenye ezifana ne-monitor ne-hard drive ngemva kwesikhathi esimisiwe sokungasebenzi. Ukufinyelela ifu noma yikuphi kuphinde kukhuthaze i-teleconferencing kanye ne-telepresence, okusiza ukwehlisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa okuhlobene nokuhamba kanye nohambo lwebhizinisi. 

Amadolobha embulungeni yonke abheka izindlela zokunciphisa ukungcola kanye nokuminyana, futhi amabhizinisi athola ugqozi komunye nomunye ukuze athuthukise izinhlelo ezintsha ezisimeme. Iziqalo zamadolobha ahlakaniphile zinethemba lokuthi Ingqungquthela yaminyaka yonke ye-UN yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu izoqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngethuba kubaholi bomhlaba ukuthi baqhubeke nokutshala imali kubuchwepheshe obunomthwalo wemfanelo. Ukusuka eNew York kuya e-Sydney kuya e-Amsterdam kuya e-Taipei, amadolobha ahlakaniphile asebenzisa izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza njenge-WiFi efinyelelekayo, ukwabelana ngebhayisikili okungenantambo, izindawo zokuxhuma izimoto zikagesi, kanye nokuphakelayo kwevidiyo ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo ematasa ukuze bushelelezi ithrafikhi. 

Amadolobha asebenzayo nawo agxile ekwehliseni imikhondo yawo yekhabhoni ngokusebenzisa amamitha ahlakaniphile asuselwa kunzwa, izindawo ezisebenzisanayo, ukulungisa kabusha izindawo zomphakathi, kanye nokwenza izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zeselula zesevisi yomphakathi zitholakale. I-Copenhagen ihamba phambili ekuhlanganiseni ubuchwepheshe ukwenza idolobha libe luhlaza futhi kuthuthukiswe izinga lempilo lilonke. Idolobhakazi linezifiso zokuba yidolobha lokuqala emhlabeni elingathathi hlangothi ngo-2025, kanti iDenmark izibophezele ekutheni ingabi namafutha emvelo ngo-2050. 

Imithelela yokusimama kwedolobha elihlakaniphile

Imithelela ebanzi yokusimama kwedolobha elihlakaniphile ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ezokuthutha zomphakathi ezihlanganisa izinzwa zokuthuthukisa imizila nokunciphisa ukuminyana kwezimoto, okuholela ekwehleni kwesiminyaminya sasemadolobheni kanye nezinhlelo zezokuthutha zomphakathi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
• Amamitha ahlakaniphile anika amandla ukuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sangempela kokusetshenziswa kukagesi, ukwenza kube lula ukongiwa kwamandla nokongiwa kwezindleko kubo bobabili abathengi namabhizinisi.
• Amathini kadoti anezinzwa zokubona ukugcwala, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwedolobha ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza zezinsizakalo zokulawulwa kwemfucuza.
• Ukwenyuswa kwezimali zikahulumeni zobuchwepheshe bedolobha elihlakaniphile, ukusekela imigomo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha okusimeme.
• Ukwanda ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni komkhakha wobuchwepheshe bedolobha elihlakaniphile, kwakha amathuba emisebenzi engeziwe kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza.
• Ukuphathwa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe ezakhiweni ngokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo okusekelwe endaweni kokushisisa, ukupholisa, nokukhanyisa, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwamandla nezindleko zokusebenza.
• Amadolobha athuthukisa izinhlelo ezihlosiwe zokugaywa kabusha ngokusekelwe kudatha evela kumathini kadoti anezinzwa, athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokulawulwa kwemfucuza kanye nokusimama kwemvelo.
• Ukuphepha komphakathi okuthuthukisiwe nokusebenza kwezimo eziphuthumayo emadolobheni ahlakaniphile ngokuhlaziywa kwedatha kwesikhathi sangempela, okuholela ezikhathini zokuphendula ezisheshayo kanye namandla okusindisa izimpilo.
• Ukukhathazeka kobumfihlo okungase kube khona phakathi kwezakhamizi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa okusabalele ezindaweni zomphakathi, okudinga imithetho nezinqubomgomo ezintsha zokuvikela amalungelo obumfihlo bomuntu ngamunye.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obusha nobuqhubekayo obusetshenziswa idolobha noma idolobha lakho?
• Ucabanga ukuthi amadolobha ahlakaniphile angasiza kanjani ukubambezela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu?