Ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kukahulumeni okucasulayo: I-US ikhulisa imisebenzi ye-cyber ecasulayo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 22, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukusabela ekuhlaselweni okulimazayo kwe-inthanethi, i-US ishintsha indlela yayo ekuvikelekeni kwe-inthanethi, isuka emizamweni eyizicucu iye esimweni esibumbene, esisebenzayo. Lolu shintsho lungashintsha ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe, umthelela wamazwe unqunywa amandla awo ku-inthanethi, futhi amabhizinisi emikhakheni ebalulekile angase adinge ukutshala imali eningi ezindleleni zokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Njengoba umhlaba wedijithali ukhula, kanjalo nethuba lokuphazamiseka, okuholela ezinguqukweni zomphakathi, ukushintshashintsha kwemakethe yemisebenzi, kanye nemithelela yezemvelo.

Umongo wokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kukahulumeni okuhlaselayo

Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kulimaze ingqalasizinda ebucayi yase-US ngo-2021, i-US icabanga ngemisebenzi ye-inthanethi ecasulayo ukuze ivimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe. Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-US iphinda ijwayeze imisebenzi ye-cybersecurity yezempi futhi ilethe izibopho zayo ezazikade zihlukanisiwe ze-cybersecurity zibe yinto ebumbene. Lolu shintsho luzoba nemiphumela yokuthi i-US namanye amazwe aqhuba kanjani i-cyberwarfare.

Ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kukahulumeni wase-US ekuqaleni kwakuwumzamo ohlukene, nezibopho ezihlukene zisabalele eminyangweni eyahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okuningi kwakubhekwa njengezenzo zobugebengu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungaphansi kwegunya lokugcinwa komthetho. Kodwa-ke, kulandela ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okulimazayo okuphinde kwasongela izimboni ezibucayi namaketango anikezela ngempahla, ukuvumelana emphakathini wase-US ukuthi lokhu kuhlasela kuyingozi ekuvikelekeni kwezwe.

Umthetho Wokugunyazwa Kwezokuvikela Kazwelonke wezi-2019 (i-NDAA) uhlose ukwenza lula futhi uhlanganise imisebenzi ye-inthanethi yase-US. I-NDAA izosiza uhulumeni ukuthi agxile ngokuphumelelayo ekuvikelekeni kwe-inthanethi futhi enze incwadi yokudlala yase-US ye-cyber operations ifane. Ngenxa yosongo oluphinde lwahlolwa, i-US ithatha isinyathelo esisheshayo, "sokuvikela phambili", ihlose ukumisa ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (UN) iye yatusa “izinkambiso zokuziphatha zezwe ezinomthwalo wemfanelo ku-inthanethi.” Le mikhuba ihloselwe ukuvikela izakhamuzi ezingenacala ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi okungase kufinyelele kabanzi.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kukahulumeni okucasulayo kungase kumise kabusha isimo sobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoba ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kuba ithuluzi elivame kakhulu lobuciko bezwe, kungaholela ekushintsheni kokulingana kwamandla. Amazwe anamakhono asezingeni eliphezulu ku-inthanethi angase azuze amandla, kuyilapho lawo anezivikelo ezibuthakathaka angase azithole esesimweni esingesihle. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kuholele ohlotsheni olusha lokuhlukaniswa kwedijithali esigabeni somhlaba, lapho amandla e-dynamics anqunywa amandla ezobuchwepheshe kunamandla ezempi endabuko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi, ikakhulukazi lawo asemikhakheni ebalulekile efana nezamandla, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezezimali, angaba yizona ezihlosiwe. Lo mkhuba ungase uphoqe izinkampani ukuthi zitshale imali eningi ezindleleni zokuphepha ku-inthanethi, zichezukise izinsiza kwezinye izindawo zebhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusongelwa kokuhlaselwa ngamakhompuyutha kungaholela ekwandiseni ukulawulwa kanye nokwengamela ingqalasizinda yedijithali, kuvinjwe ukuqanjwa kabusha nokudala indawo yebhizinisi ebeka engcupheni.

Njengoba umhlaba wethu uba yidijithali ngokwandayo, amathuba okuphazamiseka ayakhula. Ukuhlaselwa kwengqalasizinda ebucayi kungase kubangele isiphithiphithi esisabalele, sithinte yonke into kusukela ekutholakaleni kwezinsizakalo ezibalulekile kuya ekuthembeleni komphakathi kuhulumeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela emphakathini okhathazeke kakhulu futhi ongathembeki, lapho ukwesaba ukuhlaselwa kwamakhompiyutha kunomthelela ekuziphatheni nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo. Ohulumeni bona, bangase baphoqeleke ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo ezinqala ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi, okungase kuholele ezingxoxweni mayelana nobumfihlo kanye nenkululeko yomphakathi.

Imithelela yokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kukahulumeni okuhlaselayo

Imithelela ebanzi yokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kukahulumeni okucasulayo ingase ihlanganise:

• Ama-ejensi kahulumeni aya ngokuya enxenxa ochwepheshe abanolwazi lokuthuthukisa izigaba zabo ze-cybersecurity.
• Uxhaso olusha lukahulumeni luqondiswe ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni nezizimele ezimbonini ezibalulekile ukwenza izimpahla zabo zedijithali zibe zesimanje ukuze zenze kube lula ukuba sengozini ekusebenzeni kwe-inthanethi.
• Izehlakalo ezikhulayo zokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okuthinta abadlali bezifundazwe nabangezona zezwe ngaphandle kwase-US kubikwa emaphephandabeni.
• Amathuba okushintsha kwemakethe yemisebenzi, njengoba isidingo sochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi singakhuphuka.
• Imithelela yezemvelo njengokuhlasela kwe-cyberattack kwingqalasizinda ebalulekile njengamagridi kagesi aholela ekumoshweni kwamandla noma ngisho nezinhlekelele zemvelo, okudala ukuthi kuhlaziywe kabusha ukuthi sivikela futhi siziphathe kanjani lezi zinsiza.
• Ukwenyuka kokungathembani kwezakhamizi ngokumelene nezinhlangano/izinhlangano zikahulumeni.
• Ukwenyuka kokugebengwa kwedatha kusizindalwazi esiphethwe futhi esiphethwe ama-ejensi kahulumeni, okwandayo ukungezwani kwezepolitiki.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ithini imibono yakho ngokuphenduka kwe-US kwakamuva kwemisebenzi ye-cyber ecasulayo? 
• Ingabe unomuzwa wokuthi ukuhlasela kwe-cyberattacks ngokumelene nabaduni kuyisivimbelo esisebenzayo?
• Ingabe ukholelwa ukuthi izinkambiso ze-UN zingavimbela izifundazwe ekuzibandakanyeni emisebenzini ye-cyber ecasulayo?