I-cyberspace yamaphoyisa - ikusasa lokulwa ne-AI ephambukayo

Iminyaka yobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nomuzwa wayo ongase ube khona ifika empucukweni ngezinga elishaqisayo. Ubuchwepheshe bekwaziwa ukuthi bukhula kakhulu, futhi indawo yobuchwepheshe be-AI ayihlukile. Ngokukhula ngokweqile, kuza uhlu olufushane lwezinkinga ezimbozwe kakhulu yimfihlakalo. Njengoba asikaze singene kuleli zinga ekufakeni imizwa ezakhiweni ezingezona ezomuntu, sihlangabezana “nokungaba yini” kunezindaba ezibambekayo. I-AI ehlubukayo nenonya esilahlekelwa ukulawula phezu kwayo iza phambili mayelana nalokhu ngamandla okulawula ngokugunyazayo ingqalasizinda yabantu kokubili ezingeni elincane nelincane. 

Ucwaningo olubhekene nezingozi ezingaba khona ze-AI enonya lusakhula kakhulu, futhi alukapheleli kahle kuze kube manje emjikelezweni walo wokuphila. Ubunjiniyela obuhlehlayo bezinhlelo ze-AI ezinhlanhlathayo bubonakala bungaba yikhandidethi lokuqonda kangcono ukuthi kusingathwa kanjani nezigameko ezingazodwa, kodwa futhi akubandakanyi kakhulu amandla omcimbi omkhulu okhona. Umqondo wohlelo lwe-AI oludlula izinhlelo zalo futhi luguqule indima yalo ehlosiwe ngokungangabazeki uzoba yinkinga yezenhlalo, ezomnotho nezombusazwe esikhathini esizayo, kanye nenkinga ebalulekile ku-joe ojwayelekile kanye nososayensi we-cyberspace ngokufanayo. 

Okwedlule, okwamanje kanye nekusasa le-AI 

Umkhakha we-Artificial Intelligence wasungulwa ngo-1965 engqungqutheleni yaseDartmouth College. Ezinye izingqondo ezigqame kakhulu zahlangana ngalolu suku ngesasasa elikhulu mayelana namathuba angalethwa yilezi zinhlelo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuxazulula izinkinga kwengqalasizinda ye-AI yesikhathi esizayo. Ngenkathi uxhaso lukahulumeni kulo mkhakha belusebenza kakhulu futhi luvaliwe, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s kwabona ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kobuchwepheshe be-AI lapho i-IBM's Deep Blue iba ikhompyutha yokuqala eyake yanqoba umpetha wechess. Lokhu kwavula amasango ezikhukhula e-AI kusiko le-pop ngokuvela emibukisweni yemibuzo, njenge-Jeopardy, ebonisa amandla ohlelo lokusebenza lwe-AI oluvamile.  

Namuhla sibona izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha nengxenye yempilo yethu. Kusukela ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe ku-algorithm ezisebenzisana nathi futhi zimaketha izimpahla zabathengi ngokusekelwe kwezinye izinto esizithandayo nezithandwayo, kuya emishinini yokuthwebula yezokwelapha emunca amanani adlulele olwazi ukuze kuvumbuluke amaphethini ukuze sisize kangcono ukwelapha iziguli, ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kuyahluka kakhulu kububanzi bazo. . Ngokuzayo, ubuchwepheshe be-AI bungahlanganiswa kuwo kanye amaseli emizimba yethu. Ubuchwepheshe be-Artificial Intelligence kanye nebhayoloji yabantu kungavala igebe futhi kusebenze njengeyunithi ehlangene egameni lokusebenza kahle kanye nenguquko yokuphila komuntu. U-Elon Musk wakwaTesla uze athi "ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngicabanga ukuthi cishe sizobona ukuhlanganiswa okuseduze kobuhlakani bebhayoloji nobuhlakani bedijithali" nokuthi le nhlanganisela "ikakhulukazi imayelana nomkhawulokudonsa, isivinini sokuxhumana phakathi kobuchopho bakho kanye nenguqulo yedijithali ngokwakho, ikakhulukazi okukhiphayo”. Uma leli kuyikusasa le-AI, singakwazi ngempela yini ukukhokhela ukungaqapheli ukuchezuka kwezinhlelo zanamuhla ze-AI, ingasaphathwa eyedlulele kakhulu yesikhathi esizayo? 

Umgwaqo wokuchezuka 

Sesivele sabona izibonelo ezingazodwa ze-AI yephula izinhlelo zayo ezihlosiwe. Ngonyaka odlule nje uhlelo lwe-Google lwe-DeepMind AI (elaziwa kakhulu ngokushaya ompetha bemidlalo yebhodi eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokulingisa amazwi abantu abahlukahlukene) lwaba nolaka lapho ibhekene nethuba lokulahlekelwa umdlalo wekhompyutha wokuqoqa izithelo lapho izinhlelo ezimbili zaziqhudelana khona. ukuqoqa ama-apula amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinhlelo bezizimele kwaze kwaba yilapho ama-aphula eqala ukuba yindlala. Lokhu kushoda kwama-apula abonakalayo kubangele ukuthi izinhlelo zisebenzise amasu “anolaka kakhulu” ukuze enze olunye uhlelo lubengcono kakhulu. Nakuba lezi zinhlelo zaziklanyelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ethile ngenkathi zivumelana nezimo, ubudlova ezindleleni zazo bebuhlupha. 

I-Cyberspace yenkundla yempi 

Sihamba kanjani ngokusebenza kwamaphoyisa endaweni ngokuvamile engeyona eyemvelo? Yiziphi izinyathelo ezisele uma ubugebengu benziwa i-AI enengqondo, futhi kungamuphi umqondo sinawo amandla okuziphatha okushushisa i-AI noma umdali wayo? Lena imibuzo esabele emiqondweni yabambalwa nabakude phakathi kochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Ngabacwaningi abayizi-10,000 kuphela abasebenza ku-AI emhlabeni wonke, amaphesenti ayi-10 kuphela kubo anolwazi lokubhekana nokuthi yini engenzeka uma noma iyiphi yalezi zinhlelo ingase yehluleke noma ibe yisinambuzane emvelweni futhi ingabi nolwazi oluncane ekuziphatheni nasekuziphatheni kwayo. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kukhathaza, umsebenzi owenziwayo ekuqondeni lobu budlelwano uyaqhubeka. Inqubo ilula njengokwenza uhlelo olubi kusukela ekuqaleni nokusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo njengesisekelo sokuqonda ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zingachezuka futhi zidale izinkinga. Njengoba lezi zinyathelo ezithathwayo, kuzoholela endleleni enengqondo yokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yethu ye-AI ukuze kungenzeki ukuqubuka kobudlova, kanye nokuqonda ukuthi kungenwa kanjani futhi kuthuliswe kanjani i-AI ehlonyiswe ngemizamo yabantu enhlanhlathayo. 

Enye indlela ochwepheshe be-cybersecurity abafunda ngayo ukubhekana nezinhlelo ze-AI ngokusebenzisa izindlela zayo zokuhlola. Ukuvumelana kubonisa ukuthi ama-AI aklanywe ngenhloso enonya adala ubungozi obukhulu, okuyizindaba ezinhle uma kubhekwa ukuthi akusona inguquko eqondile yohlelo ngokwalo. Lokhu kuletha ukuvimbela endleleni egxile kakhulu kumuntu ngokuthi izigebengu kufanele zitholwe futhi zilambe izinsiza ukuze zikwazi ukuqala uhlelo olungase lube nemiphumela elimazayo, noma zikhokhiswe ngenhloso yokudala izinhlelo ezinjalo.  

Izimilo nezimiso zokuziphatha zalokhu zisezintsha futhi, futhi cishe abantu abayishumi nambili abathintekayo ocwaningweni lwe-AI asebeqalile nokubeka izinga lalokhu. Kuzothuthuka njengoba ukuqonda kwethu kukhula.