Izikhukhula zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu: Imbangela ezayo yababaleki besimo sezulu esizayo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• December 3, 2021

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Izimvula ezinkulu, eziqhutshwa imijikelezo yamanzi ebangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ziye zanda emhlabeni jikelele. Ukufuduka, ukuncintisana kwezinsiza, kanye nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo kuphakathi kwemithelela yomphakathi, kuyilapho amabhizinisi ebhekana nokulahlekelwa kanye nezingozi zesithunzi. Ohulumeni kudingeka babhekane nemithelela esheshayo futhi batshale imali kungqalasizinda yokuvikela izikhukhula kuyilapho bebhekana nezinselele ezifana nokufuduka, izinkinga zezimali, kanye nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ezisindwayo. 

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwesikhukhula 

Ososayensi besimo sezulu bakhomba imijikelezo yamanzi ebangelwa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu eyeqisayo njengembangela yokwanda kwezimvula ezinamandla ezikhona emhlabeni wonke ngeminyaka yawo-2010. Umjikelezo wamanzi igama elichaza ukunyakaza kwamanzi emvuleni naseqhweni ukuya emswakameni emhlabathini kanye nokuhwamuka kwawo ngokusebenzisa imizimba yamanzi. Umjikelezo uya uqina ngoba amazinga okushisa akhuphukayo (ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu) kuvumela umoya ukuthi ugcine umswakama owengeziwe, imvula eshukumisayo kanye neziphepho ezinamandla. 

Ukwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa embulunga yonke nakho kubangela ukuba izilwandle zifudumale futhi zande—lokhu kuhlangene nezimvula ezinamandla kubangela ukukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle, ngokufanayo kwandisa amathuba ezikhukhula, iziphepho ezinamandla, nokwehluleka kwengqalasizinda. Isibonelo, imvula enamandla iba usongo olukhulayo kunethiwekhi enkulu yamadamu aseShayina abaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni izikhukhula engxenyeni enkulu ye-Southeast Asia.

Kukhona nokukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwe-Three Gorges, idamu elikhulu kunawo wonke e-China ngemva kokuba amazinga emvula ekhuphuke ngaphezu kwamazinga aphephile ezikhukhuleni ngo-2020. Ngomhla zingama-20 kuJulayi, 2021, idolobha lase-Zhengzhou labona imvula engangonyaka ngosuku olulodwa, isehlakalo esabulala. abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Ngokufanayo, ngo-November 2021, imvula enamandla nokubihlika kodaka kwacwilisa ingxenye enkulu ye-Abbotsford, idolobhana eliseBritish Columbia, eCanada, echibini, kwanqamula yonke imigwaqo nemigwaqo emikhulu eya endaweni.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Ukwanda kwemvamisa nokuqina kwezikhukhula kungaholela ekususweni emakhaya, ekulahlekelweni yimpahla, ngisho nasekulahlekelweni nokuphila. Lokhu kufuduka kungaholela ezinkingeni zezinye izinkinga, njengokukhuphuka kokuncintisana ngezinsiza ezindaweni ezingathinteki kangako ngenxa yezikhukhula, kanye nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezihlobene nokuhlukumezeka kokulahlekelwa ikhaya nomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingozi zezempilo ezihlobene nezikhukhula, njengezifo ezibangelwa amanzi kanye nokulimala, kungenzeka zande.

Izinkampani ezinezimpahla ezingokoqobo ezindaweni ezithandwa yizikhukhula zingase zibhekane nokulahlekelwa okukhulu, futhi izindleko zomshwalense zingase zikhuphuke. Amaketango okuhlinzeka angaphazanyiswa, okuholela ekubambezelekeni kokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi angase abhekane nezingozi zokudumazeka uma ebonakala engakulungele noma anesandla ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Kodwa-ke, akhona namathuba amabhizinisi anganikeza izixazululo kulezi zinselele, njengokuvikela izikhukhula, ukubuyiselwa komonakalo wamanzi, nokubonisana nengozi yesimo sezulu.

Ohulumeni nabo babhekana nezinselelo namathuba amaningi. Kudingeka babhekane nemithelela esheshayo yezikhukhula, njengokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo nezindlu zesikhashana, ukulungisa ingqalasizinda, nokweseka imiphakathi ethintekile. Kodwa-ke, baneqhaza elibalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wesikhathi eside wezikhukhula zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda ukuze kuvikelwe izikhukhula, ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokunciphisa isisi esingcolisa umoya, kanye nokweseka ucwaningo mayelana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokunciphisa izikhukhula. Ohulumeni nabo bangabamba iqhaza ekufundiseni umphakathi ngezingozi zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani.

Imithelela yezikhukhula zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu

Imithelela ebanzi yezikhukhula ebangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukwanda kwenani labafuduki abaxoshwa yizimo zezulu ezimbi emhlabeni wonke, kodwa ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia lapho iphesenti elikhulu labantu lihlala emadolobheni asogwini.
• Izinkinga zezimali kuhulumeni kazwelonke nomasipala ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezindleko zengqalasizinda ezichithwa ekulawuleni izinhlekelele zemvelo, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka.
• Umthwalo omningi oqhubekayo wezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zikazwelonke kanye nezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ekulawuleni izindleko zomuntu zezinhlekelele ezihlobene nezikhukhula.
• Ukwenyuka kokungalingani emphakathini njengemiphakathi enganakiwe, evame ukuba nezinsiza ezilinganiselwe futhi ehlala ezindaweni ezithandwa yizikhukhula, ithwala ubunzima bemithelela.
• Ukwehla komkhiqizo wezolimo ngenxa yokulahleka kwezitshalo kanye nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi okubangelwa yizikhukhula, okuholela ekuswelekeni kokudla kanye nokukhuphuka kwentengo yokudla.
• Kubhebhetheke ukungezwani kwezombusazwe kanye nezingxabano mayelana nezinsiza, ezifana namanzi nomhlaba, njengoba ukuncintisana kuya ngokushuba ezifundeni ezithintwe izikhukhula ezibangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
• Ukwanda kwesidingo sobuchwepheshe obusha bokulawula izikhukhula, njengezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuxwayisa kusengaphambili, ingqalasizinda eqinile, nezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi ezisebenza kahle.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuziphilisa kanye nokulahleka kwemisebenzi emikhakheni esengozini yezikhukhula, njengezolimo, ezokuvakasha, nezokwakha, kuyilapho kwakhiwa amathuba emisebenzi emisha emikhakheni ehlobene nokumelana nezikhukhula nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
• Ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinsiza ze-ecosystem njengoba amanzi ezikhukhula elimaza izindawo zokuhlala, okuholela ekwehleni kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokungalingani kwemvelo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ohulumeni bangayiqinisa kanjani ingqalasizinda yabo ngokulindela izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu esisekelwe emanzini?
• Ingabe izikhukhula ezibangelwa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ziyisici esibalulekile ngokwanele ukuthi singasusa inani elikhulu labantu ezindlini zabo emashumini eminyaka ezayo?