Ukucekelwa phansi kwezakhi zofuzo: Ukuhlelwa kofuzo kuhamba kabi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 2, 2023

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukucekelwa phansi kwezakhi zofuzo, okubuye kwaziwe njengokungcoliswa kwezakhi zofuzo noma imiphumela engeyona eqondiwe, umphumela ongase ube khona wokuhlelwa kofuzo othole ukunakwa okubalulekile. Lokhu kungavamile kwenzeka lapho inqubo yokuhlela ishintsha ngokungenhloso ezinye izakhi zofuzo, okuholela ezinguqukweni ezingalindelekile nezingase zibe yingozi entweni ephilayo.

Umongo wokucekelwa phansi kwezakhi zofuzo

Ukuphindaphinda okufushane kwe-palindromic (CRISPR) okuhlanganisiwe okuvamise ukuhlangana kuyingxenye yohlelo lokuvikela amagciwane olunesibopho sokucekela phansi i-DNA yangaphandle. Abacwaningi bayicijile ukuze isetshenziselwe ukuhlela i-DNA ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholakala kokudla kanye nokulondolozwa kwezilwane zasendle. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukuhlela izakhi zofuzo kungase kube indlela ethembisayo yokwelapha izifo zabantu. Le nqubo ibe yimpumelelo ekuhlolweni kwezilwane futhi isahlolwa ocwaningweni lwezifo eziningi zabantu, okuhlanganisa i-β-thalassemia kanye ne-sickle cell anemia. Lezi zivivinyo zibandakanya ukuthatha amaseli e-hematopoietic stem, akhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ezigulini, ukuwahlela elabhorethri ukuze kulungiswe ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, kanye nokubuyisela amaseli ashintshiwe ezigulini ezifanayo. Ithemba liwukuthi ngokulungisa ama-stem cells, amangqamuzana awakhiqizayo ayoba nempilo, okuholela ekwelapheni kwalesi sifo.

Kodwa-ke, izinguquko zofuzo ezingahleliwe zathola ukuthi ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi kungabangela ukuhlanekezela okunjengokususwa noma ukunyakaza kwamasegimenti e-DNA kude nendawo okuhlosiwe, okudala amathuba ezifo eziningi. Amazinga okuhlosiwe angalinganiselwa ukuthi aphakathi kwephesenti elilodwa kuya kwezinhlanu. Amathuba amakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa i-CRISPR ekwelashweni kwezakhi zofuzo okuqondiswe kwizigidigidi zamaseli. Abanye abacwaningi baphikisa ngokuthi ubungozi benziwe ihaba njengoba kungekho silwane esaziwa ngokuba nomdlavuza ngemuva kokuhlelwa kofuzo nge-CRISPR. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithuluzi lisetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekuhloleni okuningi, ngakho-ke ukulandisa okuqinisekile kwesayensi akukakasungulwa.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Iziqalo ezisebenza ekwelapheni kwe-CRISPR zingabhekana nokuhlehla ngenxa yokukhipha okungavamile futhi zingabiki ngezingozi ezingaba khona ngaphambili. Njengoba izingozi ezingaba khona zanda, imizamo eyengeziwe yokucwaninga imiphumela engase ibe khona yokusebenzisa i-CRISPR ingalindelwa. Amathuba okuthi amangqamuzana abe umdlavuza angase amise ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo ezindaweni ezithile uma kuvela amaphepha amaningi okucekelwa phansi kwezakhi zofuzo. Ukwengeza, isidingo samaphrothokholi zokuphepha aqine kakhulu kanye nezikhathi ezinde lapho uklama amathuluzi okuhlela izakhi zofuzo singakhula. 

Omunye umphumela ongase ube khona wokucekelwa phansi kwezakhi zofuzo ukuvela kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu.” Ngo-2019, ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini i-Nature lwembula ukuthi imizamo yokuguqula omiyane ngofuzo ukunciphisa ukusakazeka kwe-yellow fever, udenga, i-chikungunya, kanye ne-Zika fevers ngokungazi kwaholela ekuveleni kohlobo lomiyane olunokwehlukahlukana kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nekhono phila lapho kukhona ukuguqulwa. Lesi simo siphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi imizamo yokulawula izinambuzane ngokuhlela izakhi zofuzo ingase ibuyisele emuva, okuholela ekuveleni kwezinhlobo ezikwazi ukumelana nokuqina nezinzima ukuzilawula.

Ukucekelwa phansi kwezakhi zofuzo nakho kunamandla okuphazamisa imvelo nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukudedela izinto eziphilayo ezishintshwe izakhi endaweni ezungezile kungaholela ekudluliseleni ngephutha izakhi zofuzo eziguquliwe kubantu basendle, okungase kushintshe ukwakheka kwemvelo kwezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kube nemiphumela engahlosiwe ekulinganiseni kwezimiso zemvelo kanye nokuphila kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane.

Imithelela yokucekelwa phansi kwezakhi zofuzo

Imithelela ebanzi yokucekelwa phansi kwezakhi zofuzo ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukwenyuka kwemiphumela yezempilo ebingahlosiwe kubantu abaye bahlelwa ngofuzo, okuholela ekumangaleleni okuningi nemithetho eqinile.
• Amandla okuhlelwa kofuzo ukuthi asetshenziselwe izinjongo ezingabazekayo, njengokudala izingane zomklami noma ukuthuthukisa amakhono omuntu.Ucwaningo olwandisiwe lwamathuluzi okuhlela izakhi zofuzo, okuhlanganisa nezindlela zokuwenza anembe kakhulu.
• Izinhlobo eziguquliwe ezingabonisa izinguquko zokuziphatha, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni ku-ecosystem yomhlaba.
• Izitshalo eziguqulwe ngofuzo ezingaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside empilweni yabantu neyezilwane.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ithini imibono yakho yokuqala noma okukukhathazayo mayelana nokucekelwa phansi kwezakhi zofuzo?
• Ucabanga ukuthi abacwaningi nabakhi bezinqubomgomo babhekana ngokwanele nezingozi ezingaba khona zokucekelwa phansi kwezakhi zofuzo?