Ikusasa lokufundisa: Ikusasa lemfundo P3

Umsebenzi wokufundisa awukashintshi kangako kula makhulu eminyaka ambalwa edlule. Ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, othisha basebenzela ukugcwalisa izinhloko zabafundi abasebasha ngolwazi olwanele namakhono athile ukuze baguqule babe ngamalungu ahlakaniphile nanikelayo omphakathi wabo. Laba thisha kwakungamadoda nabesifazane ubuhlakani babo obungabuzwa futhi ababeyala futhi bahlele imfundo, beqondisa abafundi ngobuhlakani ezimpendulweni zabo ezichazwe kusengaphambili kanye nombono womhlaba. 

Kodwa kule minyaka engu-20 edlule, lesi simo esinesikhathi eside sikhona siye sawohloka.

Othisha abasenawo amandla olwazi. Izinjini zokusesha zakunakekela lokho. Ukulawula ukuthi yiziphi izihloko abafundi abangazifunda, nokuthi bazifunda nini futhi kanjani kunikeze ithuba lokuvumelana nezimo kwe-YouTube nezifundo zamahhala ze-inthanethi. Futhi umcabango wokuthi ulwazi noma ukuhweba okuthile kungaqinisekisa ukuqashwa impilo yonke uwela ngokushesha ngenxa yentuthuko yamarobhothi kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI).

Sekukonke, izinto ezintsha ezenzeka emazweni angaphandle ziphoqa uguquko ohlelweni lwethu lwezemfundo. Indlela esiyifundisa ngayo intsha yethu kanye neqhaza lothisha ekilasini akusoze kwafana.

Imakethe yezabasebenzi igxilisa kabusha imfundo

Njengoba kushiwo ku- Ikusasa Lomsebenzi uchungechunge, imishini enikwe amandla yi-AI, namakhompyutha ekugcineni azodla noma angasebenzi afinyelela kumaphesenti angama-47 emisebenzi yanamuhla (2016). Isibalo esenza abaningi bakhathazeke, futhi kufanele, kodwa kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi amarobhothi akezi ngempela ukuzothatha umsebenzi wakho—eza ukuzokwenza imisebenzi evamile.

Abaqhubi be-switchboard, omabhalane bamafayela, abathayipha, abasebenzeli bamathikithi, noma nini lapho ubuchwepheshe obusha bethulwa, imisebenzi eyisidina, ephindaphindwayo engalinganiswa kusetshenziswa amagama afana nokusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza kuwela eceleni. Ngakho-ke uma umsebenzi ubandakanya isethi yemithwalo yemfanelo emincane, ikakhulukazi leyo esebenzisa ingqondo eqondile kanye nokuxhumana kwesandla neso, lowo msebenzi usengozini yokuzenzakalela esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Okwamanje, uma umsebenzi ubandakanya isethi ebanzi yezibopho (noma “ukuthintwa komuntu”), kuphephile. Eqinisweni, kulabo abanemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, i-automation iyinzuzo enkulu. Ngokuvala umsebenzi wemisebenzi emoshayo, ephindaphindwayo, efana nomshini, isikhathi sesisebenzi sizokhululwa ukuze sigxile emisebenzini yamasu, ekhiqizayo, neyokudala noma amaphrojekthi. Kulesi simo, umsebenzi awushabalali, njengoba nje uthuthuka.

Uma sibeka ngenye indlela, imisebenzi emisha nesele amarobhothi angeke ayithathe yileyo misebenzi lapho ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle kungabalulekile noma kungabalulekile empumelelweni. Imisebenzi ebandakanya ubudlelwano, ukusungula izinto, ucwaningo, ukuvundulula kanye nokucabanga okungaqondakali, ngokuklama imisebenzi enjalo ayikhiqizi futhi ayiphumeleli ngoba idinga ukuhlolwa kanye nesici sokungahleliwe esicindezela imingcele ukuze kudaleke okuthile okusha. Lena yimisebenzi abantu asebehehwa yiyo, futhi yile misebenzi amarobhothi azoyikhuthaza.

Okunye okumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zonke izinto ezintsha ezizayo (kanye nezimboni nemisebenzi ezovela kuzo) zilindele ukutholwa ezindaweni ezihlukene okwakucatshangwa ukuthi zihlukene ngokuphelele.

Kungakho ukuze uphumelele ngempela emakethe yemisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo, kuyaphinda futhi kukhokhele ukuba yi-polymath: umuntu onamakhono ahlukahlukene kanye nezinto azithandayo. Besebenzisa isizinda sabo sokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, abantu abanjalo bafaneleka kangcono ukuthola izixazululo ezintsha ezinkingeni ezinenkani; ziyimali eshibhile futhi eyi-value-added hire kubaqashi, njengoba idinga ukuqeqeshwa okuncane kakhulu futhi ingasetshenziswa ezidingweni zebhizinisi ezahlukahlukene; futhi bayakwazi ukumelana nokushintshashintsha kwezemisebenzi, njengoba amakhono abo ahlukahlukene angasetshenziswa emikhakheni nasezimbonini eziningi. 

Lawa amanye ama-dynamics ambalwa adlalayo emakethe yezabasebenzi. Futhi yingakho nabaqashi banamuhla bethungatha abasebenzi abasezingeni eliphezulu kuwo wonke amazinga ngoba imisebenzi yakusasa izodinga izinga eliphezulu lolwazi, umcabango, nobuchule kunakuqala.

Emjahweni womsebenzi wokugcina, labo abakhethelwe umzuliswano wokugcina wenhlolokhono bazoba abafundile kakhulu, abanobuhlakani, abavumelana nezimo kwezobuchwepheshe, futhi abanekhono kwezenhlalo. Izinga liyakhula kanjalo nalokho esikulindele ngemfundo esiyinikwayo. 

I-STEM iqhudelana nobuciko obukhululekile

Uma kubhekwa amaqiniso omsebenzi achazwe ngenhla, abasunguli bezemfundo emhlabeni wonke bazama izindlela ezintsha eziphathelene nokuthi sizifundisa kanjani futhi yini izingane zethu. 

Kusukela maphakathi nawo-2000, okuningi kwengxoxo mayelana ini esifundisayo sigxile ezindleleni zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokuthathwa kwezinhlelo ze-STEM (Isayensi, Ubuchwepheshe, Ubunjiniyela, kanye neMathematika) ezikoleni zethu eziphakeme namanyuvesi ukuze abantu abasha bakwazi ukuncintisana kangcono emakethe yezabasebenzi lapho bephothula iziqu. 

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kugcizelela okwengeziwe kwe-STEM kwenza umqondo ophelele. Cishe yonke imisebenzi yakusasa izoba nengxenye yedijithali kuyo. Ngakho-ke, izinga elithile lokufunda ngekhompyutha liyadingeka ukuze uphile emakethe yezabasebenzi yesikhathi esizayo. Nge-STEM, abafundi bathola ulwazi olusebenzayo namathuluzi okuqonda ukuze baphumelele ezimweni ezahlukahlukene, zomhlaba wangempela, emisebenzini engakaqanjwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhono e-STEM akhona yonke indawo, okusho ukuthi abafundi abaphumelele kuwo bangasebenzisa lawa makhono ukuze bavikele amathuba emisebenzi nomaphi lapho bevela khona, kuzwelonke nasemhlabeni jikelele.

Kodwa-ke, okubi kokugcizelela kwethu ngokweqile i-STEM ukuthi kubeka engcupheni ukuguqula abafundi abancane babe amarobhothi. Isibonelo, a Ucwaningo lwe-2011 yabafundi base-US bathole ukuthi izikolo zokusungula ezweni lonke ziyehla, njengoba nama-IQ enyuka. Izifundo ze-STEM zingavumela abafundi banamuhla ukuthi baphothule imisebenzi yesigaba esiphakathi nendawo, kodwa imisebenzi eminingi yanamuhla yobuchwepheshe isengcupheni yokwenza amarobhothi kanye ne-AI ngo-2040 noma ngaphambi kwalokho. Uma sibeka enye indlela, ukuphoqa abantu abasha ukuthi bafunde i-STEM ngaphandle kokulingana kwezifundo zesintu kungabashiya bengakulungele ukubhekana nezidingo zemakethe yezabasebenzi yakusasa. 

Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu kugada, iminyaka yowezi-2020 izobona uhlelo lwethu lwezemfundo luqala ukungagcizeleli ukufunda ngekhanda (into ethile yamakhompyutha ahamba phambili kuyo) futhi iphinde igcizelele amakhono omphakathi kanye nokucabanga okunobuhlakani nokucabangayo (into amakhompyutha alwa nayo). Izikole eziphakeme kanye namanyuvesi azoqala ukuphoqa ama-STEM majors ukuthi athathe inani eliphakeme lezifundo zobuntu ukuze baqedele imfundo yabo; ngokunjalo, ama-majors esintu azodingeka ukuthi afunde izifundo eziningi ze-STEM ngezizathu ezifanayo.

Ukuhlela kabusha indlela abafundi abafunda ngayo

Ngokuhambisana nalokhu kulinganisa okuvuselelwe phakathi kwe-STEM nobuntu, Kanjani esikufundisayo kungenye into abasunguli bezemfundo abazama ngayo. Imibono eminingi kulesi sikhala izungeza indlela esisebenzisa kangcono ngayo ubuchwepheshe ukuze silandelele futhi sithuthukise ukugcinwa kolwazi. Lokhu kugcinwa kuzoba isici esibalulekile sohlelo lwemfundo lwakusasa, futhi okunye sizokudingida ngokujulile esahlukweni esilandelayo, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bubodwa angeke buxazulule izinselele ezingapheli zemfundo yesimanje.

Ukulungiselela intsha yethu ilungele imakethe yezemisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo kumele kubandakanye ukucabanga kabusha okuyisisekelo kokuthi sikuchaza kanjani ukufundisa, kanye neqhaza othisha okufanele balibambe ekilasini. Ngenxa yalokhu, ake sihlole indlela izinkambiso zangaphandle eziphusha imfundo maqondana nayo: 

Phakathi kwezinselelo ezinkulu okumele othisha bazinqobe wukufundisa kuze kube maphakathi. Ngokwesiko, ekilasini labafundi abangama-20 kuye kwangama-50, othisha abanakukhetha ngaphandle kokufundisa uhlelo lwesifundo olujwayelekile umgomo walo kuwukudlulisela ulwazi oluthile oluzohlolelwa ngedethi ethile. Ngenxa yemikhawulo yesikhathi, lolu hlelo lwesifundo kancane kancane lubona abafundi abahamba kancane besalela emuva, kanti futhi lushiya abafundi abanesiphiwo benesizungu futhi benganakile. 

Maphakathi nawo-2020, ngenhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe, ukwelulekwa, nokusebenzelana kwabafundi, izikole zizoqala ukubhekana nale nselele ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwemfundo oluhlanganisa konke olwenza kancane kancane imfundo ibe ngokwezifiso kumfundi ngamunye. Isistimu enjalo izofana nento efanayo nalokhu kubuka konke okulandelayo: 

Inkulisa kanye nesikole samabanga aphansi

Phakathi neminyaka yokukhula kwezingane zesikole, othisha bazoziqeqeshela amakhono ayisisekelo adingekayo ukuze ziwafunde (izinto zendabuko, njengokufunda, ukubhala, izibalo, ukusebenza nabanye, njll.), kanye nokukhuthaza ukuqwashisa kanye nesasasa ngezifundo ezinzima ze-STEM abazozifunda. zivezwe eminyakeni yakamuva.

Isikole esiphakathi

Uma abafundi sebengene ebangeni lesithupha, abeluleki bezemfundo bazoqala ukuhlangana nabafundi okungenani minyaka yonke. Le mihlangano izobandakanya ukwabela abafundi i-akhawunti ekhishwe uhulumeni, i-akhawunti yemfundo eku-inthanethi (leyo umfundi, ababheki babo abasemthethweni, kanye nabafundisi abazokwazi ukufinyelela kuyo); ukuhlola ukuhlonza ukukhubazeka kokufunda kusenesikhathi; ukuhlola okuthandwayo mayelana nesitayela esithile sokufunda; kanye nokuxoxisana nabafundi ukuze baqonde kangcono izinjongo zabo zomsebenzi nokufunda.

Khonamanjalo, othisha bazochitha le minyaka yesikole esiphakathi bethula abafundi ezifundweni ze-STEM; kumaphrojekthi weqembu abanzi; kumadivayisi eselula, amathuluzi okufunda ku-inthanethi kanye namathuluzi ento engekho ngokoqobo abazowasebenzisa kakhulu esikoleni sabo samabanga aphezulu nasenyuvesi; futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukubethula ezinhlobonhlobo zamasu okufunda ukuze bakwazi ukuhlola ukuthi yisiphi isitayela sokufunda esibasebenzela kangcono.

Ukwengeza, uhlelo lwesikole sendawo luzobhangqa abafundi besikole esiphakathi nabantu abasebenzisana nabo ukuze bakhe inethiwekhi yokusekela ngemva kokuphuma kwesikole. Laba bantu (kwezinye izikhathi amavolontiya, abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme noma abafundi basenyuvesi) bazohlangana nalaba bafundi abasebasha masonto onke ukuze babasize ngomsebenzi wesikole, babasuse emathonyeni amabi, futhi babeluleke ngokuthi bangabhekana kanjani nezinkinga zomphakathi ezinzima (ukuxhashazwa, ukukhathazeka , njll.) ukuze lezi zingane zingazizwa zikhululekile ukuxoxa nabazali bazo.

Isikolo sebanga eliphezulu

Isikole samabanga aphezulu yilapho abafundi bezothola khona ushintsho olukhulu endleleni abafunda ngayo. Esikhundleni samagumbi okufundela amancane nezimo ezihlelekile lapho bethole khona ulwazi oluyisisekelo namakhono okufunda, izikole zamabanga aphezulu ezizayo zizokwethula abafundi bebanga lesishiyagalolunye kuya kwele-12 kokulandelayo:

Amakilasi

• Amakilasi amakhulu, alingana nejimu azobamba okungenani abafundi abayi-100 kuya phezulu.
• Amalungiselelo okuhlala azogcizelela abafundi abane kuya kwabayisithupha edeskini elikhulu lokuthinta- noma elinikwe amandla ihologram, esikhundleni semigqa emide yedeskithophu ebheke uthisha oyedwa.

Othisha

• Ikilasi ngalinye lizoba nothisha abaningi abangabantu kanye nabafundisi abasekelayo abanohlu olukhethekile.
• Umfundi ngamunye uzothola ukufinyelela kumfundisi we-AI oyedwa ozosekela futhi alandelele ukufunda/inqubekelaphambili yomfundi kuyo yonke ingxenye esele yemfundo yakhe.

Inhlangano yekilasi

• Nsuku zonke, idatha eqoqwe kubafundisi be-AI bomfundi ngamunye izohlaziywa ngohlelo oluyinhloko lwekilasi lwe-AI ukuze njalo babele kabusha abafundi emaqenjini amancane ngokusekelwe kusitayela sokufunda somfundi ngamunye kanye nesivinini sokuqhubeka.
• Ngokunjalo, uhlelo lwe-AI oluyinhloko lwekilasi luzochaza uhlelo lokufundisa losuku kanye nemigomo kothisha nabafundisi abasekelayo, futhi lunikeze ngamunye emaqenjini abafundi adinga kakhulu isethi yawo yamakhono ahlukile. Isibonelo, abafundisi bansuku zonke bazokwabelwa isikhathi esiningi somuntu oyedwa kulawo maqembu abafundi abalandela isilinganiso semfundo/sokuhlola sekilasi, kanti othisha bazohlinzeka ngamaphrojekthi akhethekile kulawo maqembu abafundi ngaphambi kwejika. 
• Njengoba ungase ulindele, inqubo enjalo yokufundisa izokhuthaza amakilasi ahlanganisiwe lapho cishe zonke izifundo zifundiswa ndawonye ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene (ngaphandle kwekilasi lesayensi, lobunjiniyela kanye nejimu lapho kungase kudingeke khona amathuluzi ayisipesheli). I-Finland isivele ikhona eqhubekela phambili le ndlela ngo-2020.

Inqubo yokufunda

• Abafundi bazothola ukufinyelela okuphelele (nge-akhawunti yabo ye-inthanethi yemfundo) ohlelweni lokufundisa olugcwele lwenyanga nenyanga oluchaza ngqo ulwazi namakhono abafundi okulindeleke ukuba bawafunde, isilabhasi ejulile yezinto zokwakha, kanye neshejuli yokuhlola ephelele.
• Ingxenye yosuku ihilela othisha ukukhuluma ngezinhloso zokufundisa zosuku, ngokufunda okuningi okuyisisekelo kuqedwe ngabanye kusetshenziswa izinto zokufunda eziku-inthanethi kanye nezifundo zevidiyo ezilethwa umfundisi we-AI (isofthiwe yokufunda esebenzayo).
• Lokhu kufunda okuyisisekelo kuhlolwa nsuku zonke, ngemibuzo emincane yokuphela kosuku ukuze kuhlolwe ukuqhubeka nokunquma isu lokufunda langosuku olulandelayo nohlelo lohambo.
• Enye ingxenye yosuku idinga ukuthi abafundi babambe iqhaza kumaphrojekthi weqembu wansuku zonke ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekilasi.
• Amaphrojekthi weqembu amakhulu anyanga zonke azobandakanya ukusebenzisana okubonakalayo nabafundi abavela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezwe (nasemhlabeni imbala). Okufundiwe yiqembu kule phrojekthi emikhulu kuzokwabelwana noma kwethulwe ekilasini lonke ekupheleni kwenyanga ngayinye. Ingxenye yamamaki okugcina ala maphrojekthi izovela kumabanga anikezwe ontanga yabafundi.

Inethiwekhi yosekelo

• Ngesikole samabanga aphezulu, imihlangano yaminyaka yonke nabeluleki bezemfundo izoba ngekota. Le mihlangano izodingida izindaba zokusebenza kwezemfundo, imigomo yokufunda, ukuhlela imfundo ephakeme, izidingo zosizo lwezezimali, kanye nokuhlelwa kwemisebenzi kusenesikhathi.
• Ngokusekelwe kuzintshisakalo zomsebenzi ezihlonzwe umeluleki wezemfundo, amakilabhu e-niche afterschool kanye namakamu okuqeqeshwa azonikezwa abafundi abanentshisekelo.
• Ubudlelwano nomuntu osebenza naye buzoqhubeka naso sonke isikole samabanga aphezulu.

Inyuvesi kanye nekolishi

Ngalesi sikhathi, abafundi bazobe sebenohlaka lwengqondo oludingekayo ukuze benze kahle eminyakeni yabo yemfundo ephakeme. Empeleni, inyuvesi/ikolishi lizomane libe inguqulo eqinisiwe yesikole samabanga aphezulu, ngaphandle kokuthi abafundi bazoba nokusho okwengeziwe kulokho abakufundayo, kuzoba nokugcizelelwa okukhulu emsebenzini weqembu nokufunda ngokubambisana, kanye nokuchayeka okukhulu kakhulu kuma-internship kanye nokubambisana ops emabhizinisini asunguliwe. 

Lokhu kwehluke kakhulu! Lokhu kunethemba elikhulu! Umnotho wethu awukwazi ukukhokhela lolu hlelo lwezemfundo!

Uma kukhulunywa ngohlelo lwemfundo oluchazwe ngenhla, zonke lezi zimpikiswano ziyiqiniso ngokuphelele. Nokho, wonke la maphuzu asesetshenziswa kakade ezifundeni zezikole emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi uma kubhekwa izindlela zomphakathi nezomnotho ezichazwe ku isahluko sokuqala yalolu chungechunge, kuyindaba yesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba zonke lezi zindlela ezintsha zokufundisa zihlanganiswe nezikole ngazinye ezweni lonke. Eqinisweni, sibikezela ukuthi izikole ezinjalo zokuqala zizophuma maphakathi nawo-2020.

Ukushintsha indima yothisha

Uhlelo lwezemfundo oluchazwe ngenhla (ikakhulukazi kusukela esikoleni samabanga aphakeme kuya phambili) luwuhlobo lwesu 'lekilasi eliphendukile', lapho okuningi kokufunda okuyisisekelo kwenziwa umuntu ngamunye nasekhaya, kuyilapho umsebenzi wesikole wasekhaya, ukufundisa, namaphrojekthi eqembu abekelwe ikilasi.

Kulolu hlaka, ukugxila akusekho esidingweni esiphelelwe yisikhathi sokuthola ulwazi, njengoba ukusesha kwe-Google okulula kukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele lolu lwazi ngokufunwa. Kunalokho, kugxilwe ekuzuzweni kwamakhono, yini abanye shayela ama-Cs amane: ukuxhumana, ukusungula, ukucabanga okujulile, nokusebenzisana. Lawa amakhono abantu abangaphumelela kuwo ngaphezu kwemishini, futhi azomela amakhono ayisisekelo afunwa imakethe yezabasebenzi yesikhathi esizayo.

Kodwa okubaluleke nakakhulu, kulolu hlaka, othisha bayakwazi ukusebenzisana nezinhlelo zabo zokufundisa ze-AI ukuze baklame izinhlelo zezifundo ezintsha. Lokhu kubambisana kuzobandakanya ukuqhamuka namasu amasha okufundisa, kanye namasemina okuhlunga, izifundo ezincane, namaphrojekthi avela kumtapo wolwazi wokufundisa we-inthanethi okhulayo—konke ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinselele eziyingqayizivele ezethulwa isivuno sabafundi esiyingqayizivele sonyaka ngamunye. Laba thisha bazosiza abafundi ukuthi bazitholele eyabo imfundo esikhundleni sokuthi babatshele yona. Bazoshintsha ukusuka kumfundisi baye kumhlahlandlela wokufunda.

Manje njengoba sesihlole ukuvela kokufundisa kanye nendima eshintshayo yothisha, sijoyine esahlukweni esilandelayo lapho sizobheka kabanzi izikole zakusasa kanye nobuchwepheshe obuzobanika amandla.

Ikusasa lochungechunge lwezemfundo

Izinkambiso eziphusha uhlelo lwethu lwezemfundo lubheke ekushintsheni okukhulu: Ikusasa Lezemfundo P1

Amadigri azoba mahhala kodwa azofaka usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi: Ikusasa lemfundo P2

I-Real vs. digital ezikoleni ezixubile zakusasa: Ikusasa lezemfundo P4