Unknown xov tooj cua ultrafast tawg rov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm

Kev hla ntau pua metres hauv qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob Xav tias nws yog ib qho loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, lub Arecibo Observatory kuj yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub telescopes uas tau siv zog ua txoj hauv kev rau kev nkag siab tob txog qhov loj-sab laug-tsis paub txog qhov chaw extragalactic. Txawm hais tias tsis yog siv ntau npaum li qhov chaw ntawm lub cev uas nws ua, Parkes Observatory hauv Australia ( ntsuas qhov nruab nrab 64m hauv txoj kab uas hla) kuj tau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntau ntawm cov zej zog astrophysicist rau ze li kaum xyoo tam sim no. 

Qhov no yog vim feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb astrophysicist Duncan Lorimer, uas yog ib tus thawj kws tshawb fawb ntawm Parkes Observatory tau tshawb pom qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov chaw ua si: xov tooj cua ultrafast bursts uas yog los ntawm, raws li cov ntaub ntawv xav, nyob deb thiab. qhov chaw nyob deb heev sab nraum peb tus Milky Way.

Nws tag nrho tau pib rov qab rau xyoo 2007, thaum Lorimer thiab nws pab neeg tau tshawb xyuas los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qub ntawm lub tsom iav raj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm 2001 thiab, raws li lub caij nyoog yuav muaj, lawv tau hla ib qho tsis sib xws, ib leeg, thiab cov xov tooj cua hnyav heev ntawm qhov tsis paub. Lub xov tooj cua tsis zoo no, txawm tias kav ntev li ib millisecond, tau pom tias yuav tawm lub zog ntau dua li lub hnub nyob hauv ib lab xyoo. Qhov txawv ntawm qhov FRB no (xov tooj cua nrawm nrawm) tsuas yog zoo li nyiam ntau dua li pab pawg pib kawm qhov twg raws nraim qhov kev tshwm sim muaj zog, millisecond-ntev ntev tau pib los ntawm. 

Los ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim astronomical hu ua plasma dispersion - txheej txheem uas tseem ceeb txiav txim siab txog tus nqi ntawm cov xov tooj cua hluav taws xob tau los nrog lawv txoj hauv kev mus rau lub ntiaj teb huab cua - lawv txiav txim siab tias cov xov tooj cua ceev ceev no tau taug kev los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj qhov ib puag ncig. ntawm peb lub galaxy. Qhov tseeb, kev ntsuas kev sib cais tau qhia tias lub xov tooj cua ceev ceev tau pom nyob rau hauv 2011 tau pib los ntawm ntau tshaj li ib lab lub teeb xyoo deb. Txhawm rau muab qhov no tso rau hauv qhov kev xav, peb tus kheej galaxy tsuas yog ntsuas 120,000 lub teeb xyoo ntawm nws txoj kab. Cov nthwv dej no tau pom los ntawm 5.5 billion lub teeb xyoo deb.

Zoo siab heev li qhov kev tshawb pom no yuav zoo li lub sijhawm rau cov zej zog astrophysicist, cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg tsis ntev los no ntawm cov xov tooj cua nrawm nrawm, uas tau pom dua ib zaug ntawm Parkes Observatory hauv Australia, pib sau lwm qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov kev sib tw extragalactic no. Pab neeg hauv Australia tsis tau tsuas yog sau ib qho ntawm xya lub xov tooj cua ceev ceev xwb (rau peb qhov kev paub) los ntawm 10 xyoo dhau los, lawv yeej muaj peev xwm ntes tau qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm. Vim tias lawv tau npaj txhij, pab neeg no tuaj yeem ceeb toom rau lwm lub xov tooj cua thoob ntiaj teb kom coj lawv txoj kev tsom mus rau qhov tseeb ntawm lub ntuj thiab ua cov kev soj ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov tawg kom pom qhov twg (yog tias muaj) wavelengths tuaj yeem kuaj pom. 

Los ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas yuav tsis qhia peb paub tseeb tias FRB qhov twg los yog qhov twg, tab sis tsis lees paub qhov lawv tsis yog. Qee tus yuav sib cav tias kev paub txog dab tsi tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ib yam li kev paub tias nws yog dab tsi, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj tab tom cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem tsaus ntuj, vim tias muaj ntau yam tsis paub txog cov ncauj lus no dua li lwm tus kws qhia ntawv hauv qhov chaw.

Thaum tsis muaj kev paub zoo, cov kev xav tshawb fawb ob qho tib si suab thiab absurd yuav tshwm sim. Qhov no tau tshwm sim nrog cov xov tooj cua tsis meej, qhov twg Lorimer tau kwv yees tias qhov xwm txheej tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau kaum xyoo tom ntej, hais tias "Rau ib ntus, yuav muaj ntau qhov kev xav ntau dua li tus neeg pom tawg." 

Nws tseem tau hnov ​​​​txog qhov kev xav tias cov kev tawg no tuaj yeem yog lub cim ntawm kev txawj ntse extraterrestrial. Duncan Lorimer, tus kws tshaj lij astrophysicist uas tau coj pab pawg ntawm Parkes Observatory thiab leej twg FRB tau txij li lub npe hu ua tom qab, tau hnov ​​​​cov khoom ua si nrog cov kev xav tias cov nthwv dej no tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qee tus phooj ywg martian sim ua kom tsis muaj hnub sawv ntxov 'nyob zoo' los ntawm qee qhov deb thiab deb ntawm galaxy. Lorimer tau hais thaum sib tham nrog NPR, hais tias "tseem muaj kev sib tham hauv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev kos npe los ntawm cov neeg txawv tebchaws," txawm tias nws tseem tsis tau lees paub tias nws puas txhawb nqa cov lus sib liam no. 

Qhov tseeb, feem ntau ntawm cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb zoo li tsis txaus siab me ntsis los tso qhov hnyav hauv cov no, lossis ib qho twg rau qhov teeb meem, kev xav tias lawv tsuas yog qhov ntawd; theories tsis muaj suab pov thawj.

Ua ntej muaj txawm tias ib qho kev xav los tawm tsam, txawm li cas los xij, FRBs uas Lorimer tau xub sau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rov qab rau xyoo 2001 tau ntseeg dav los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb (txog tam sim no) kom muaj qhov ua rau thiab qhov chaw uas nyob hauv cheeb tsam ntau dua thiab tseem tsawg dua qub. hauv keeb kwm. Thaum Lorimer thiab nws pab neeg tau sau ib qho piv txwv ntawm FRB los ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv xyoo 2011, tsis muaj lwm qhov xwm txheej kaw ntawm cov xov tooj cua no tau tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv Parkes Observatory cov ntaub ntawv lossis lwm yam khoom siv zoo li thoob ntiaj teb. Thiab raws li cov kws tshawb fawb tau paub tias muaj kev ntseeg siab heev ntawm ib qho kev tshaj tawm lossis kev tshawb fawb uas tsis muaj qee yam kev lees paub thib peb, Lorimer tawg tau raug sau tawm raws li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas tau kuaj pom thawj zaug. Qhov kev ua xyem xyav no tsuas yog nce ntxiv thaum xyoo 2013, lwm qhov plaub tawg tau kuaj pom los ntawm Parkes telescope, tab sis lub sijhawm no FRBs nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau muaj ntau yam tsis zoo sib xws rau xov tooj cua cuam tshuam uas paub tias yog keeb kwm hauv av: perytons.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tuaj yeem xaus lus los ntawm kev ntsuas siab dispersion ntawm Lorimer tawg tias lawv yog los ntawm thaj chaw astronomical. Cov kev tshawb fawb tom qab qhov ntsuas no, uas yuav pab kom nkag siab tias vim li cas cov nthwv dej no tau yuam kev rau perytons, yog qhov yooj yim heev. Qhov ntxiv deb ntawm cov khoom yog, ntau cov ntshav nws yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog (piv txwv li them ions), uas feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv, lub ntsiab lus qeeb qeeb yuav tuaj txog tom qab qhov nrawm dua. Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm thaum lub sij hawm tuaj txog no feem ntau yuav qhia txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb uas nyob sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm peb lub galaxy thaj tsam. Hom dispersion spectrum no feem ntau tsis tshwm sim nrog cov khoom pom hauv peb lub galaxy, uas tsuas yog qhov txawv txav ntawm perytons. Txawm hais tias thuam tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov chaw uas hails los ntawm qhov chaw extragalactic, perytons yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab, zoo li Lorimer tawg, tsuas yog tau pom los ntawm Parkes Observatory. 

Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib pom yuav ua li cas cov kws tshawb fawb uas thawj zaug tau thov lub hauv paus ntawm FRBs los ua lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej tau pib ua tsis tiav los ntawm lawv tus kheej thev naus laus zis, qhov txhaum yooj yim uas tsuas yog raug ntaus nqi rau qhov tsis muaj ntau haiv neeg hauv lawv cov qauv. Disbelievers thiab naysayers tau sai thiab ntau tsis txaus siab txog kev tso cai rau cov nthwv dej extragalactic raws li txoj cai, ntau npaum li ib qho xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, kom txog rau thaum lawv tau lees paub pom cov nthwv dej no los ntawm lwm lub tsom iav raj ntawm lwm qhov chaw. Lorimer txawm pom zoo tias nws qhov kev tshawb pom yuav tsis muab hom kev tshawb fawb raug cai uas cov zej zog xav tau kom txog rau thaum muaj kev lees paub los ntawm lwm qhov kev soj ntsuam tau sau tseg siv "cov pab pawg sib txawv [thiab], cov cuab yeej sib txawv".

Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 2012, qhov kev thov siab ntawm Lorimer thiab lwm tus kws tshawb fawb uas tau ntseeg tias cov FRBs no tuaj ntawm sab nraum peb lub galaxy muaj lawv cov lus teb. FRB12110, lub xov tooj cua ceev ceev ntawm tib yam tshaj tawm hauv Australia, tau kuaj pom ntawm Arecibo Observatory hauv Puerto Rico. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Puerto Rico thiab Australia - kwv yees li 17,000 km - tsuas yog qhov chaw uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau cia siab tias yuav muab tso rau ntawm qhov pom ntawm FRBs, tam sim no lawv tuaj yeem lees paub tias cov alien wavelengths tsis yog qhov txawv txav ntawm Parkes telescope lossis nws qhov chaw.

Tam sim no tias cov FRBs no tau ua pov thawj lawv qhov raug cai nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm astrophysics, cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog kom paub seb qhov tawg no tau los ntawm qhov twg thiab yog dab tsi ua rau lawv. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm SWIFT lub tsom iav raj tau lees paub tias muaj 2 qhov chaw X-rays tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm FRB, tab sis sib nrug ntawm qhov ntawd, tsis muaj lwm yam wavelengths tau kuaj pom. Los ntawm tsis pom lwm yam kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv lwm lub wavelengths 'spectrum, cov kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm tshem tawm ntau lwm cov kev sib cav sib cav los ntawm kev suav tias yog cov lus piav qhia siv tau rau FRB lub hauv paus chiv keeb. 

Ntxiv rau qhov tsis tau soj ntsuam cov kev tawg no hauv lwm qhov wavelength, lawv tau pom tias FRBs tau ncig polarized es tsis yog linear, qhia tias lawv kuj yuav tsum nyob rau hauv muaj qee qhov muaj zog sib nqus. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tuaj yeem rhuav tshem qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tawg no rau hauv peb pawg: Kev sib tsoo lub qhov dub (tam sim no hu ua blitzars), cov nplaim hluav taws loj uas tsim los ntawm cov hlau nplaum (neutron hnub qub nrog lub siab sib nqus), los yog lawv. yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hnub qub neutron thiab qhov dub. Tag nrho peb txoj kev xav muaj peev xwm ntawm lub sijhawm no kom siv tau, vim tias cov ntaub ntawv uas peb tsis paub txog cov kev tawg no tseem ceeb tshaj qhov kev paub uas peb tau sau tseg.