Abubuwan da ke tushen CO2: Lokacin da hayaki ya zama riba

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• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Nuwamba 4, 2022

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Ƙimar Carbon-zuwa-daraja suna kan gaba wajen sake sarrafa iskar carbon zuwa wani abu mai mahimmanci. Man fetur da kayan gini musamman suna nuna mafi girman yuwuwar rage carbon dioxide (CO2) da yuwuwar kasuwa. Sakamakon haka, ana yin ɗimbin samfura ta amfani da CO2, daga manyan barasa da kayan ado zuwa abubuwa masu amfani kamar siminti da abinci.

Abubuwan mahallin tushen CO2

Masana'antar fasahar carbon wata kasuwa ce mai tasowa cikin sauri wacce ke samun kulawa daga masu saka hannun jari. Wani rahoto da PitchBook ya yi ya nuna cewa farawar fasahar yanayi da suka kware kan fasahar carbon carbon da fasahohin rage hayaki sun tara dala biliyan 7.6 a cikin babban jarin kamfani (VC) a cikin kwata na uku na 2023, wanda ya zarce rikodin da aka kafa a 2021 da dala biliyan 1.8. Bugu da kari, Canary Media ya lura cewa, a farkon rabin shekarar 2023, masana'antun fasahar yanayi 633 sun samu kudi, wanda ya karu daga 586 a daidai wannan lokacin a bara.

Dangane da wani bincike da Jami'ar Michigan ta Global CO2021 Initiative ta gudanar a cikin 2, wannan sashin yana da yuwuwar rage hayakin CO2 na duniya da kashi 10 cikin ɗari. Wannan lambar tana nufin cewa amfani da carbon buƙatu ne da babu makawa wanda yakamata a sanya shi cikin ɗimbin fasahohin da ake buƙata don cimma maƙasudin sifili da gwamnatoci da kamfanoni suka tsara. 

Musamman, man fetur da kayan gini, kamar siminti da tarawa, suna da mafi girman matakan rage CO2 da yuwuwar kasuwa. Misali, siminti, wani muhimmin sashi na siminti, shine ke da alhakin kashi 7 na hayakin CO2 na duniya. Injiniyoyin suna ƙoƙarin kawo sauyi kan fasahar siminti ta hanyar yin simintin da aka haɗa da CO2 wanda ba wai kawai yana ɗaukar iskar gas ba amma yana da ƙarfi da sassauci fiye da takwarorinsa na gargajiya. 

Tasiri mai rudani

Farawa daban-daban suna sakin samfuran ban sha'awa da aka yi da CO2. CarbonCure na tushen Kanada, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2012, yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin farko don haɗa carbon cikin kayan gini. Fasaha tana aiki ta hanyar allurar CO2 cikin kankare yayin aikin hadawa. CO2 da aka yi masa allura yana amsawa tare da rigar kankare kuma da sauri ya zama ana adana shi azaman ma'adinai. Dabarun kasuwancin CarbonCure shine sayar da fasahar sa ga masu kera kayan gini. Kamfanin yana sake fasalin tsarin waɗannan masana'antun, yana mai da su kasuwancin fasahar carbon.

Kamfanin Air, wani farawa na tushen New York daga 2017, yana sayar da abubuwan tushen CO2 kamar vodka da turare. Kamfanin har ma ya samar da tsabtace hannu yayin cutar ta COVID-19. Fasahar sa tana amfani da carbon, ruwa, da makamashi mai sabuntawa kuma tana haɗa su a cikin injin injin don ƙirƙirar barasa kamar ethanol.

A halin yanzu, Startup Twelve ya ƙera akwatin lantarki na ƙarfe wanda ke amfani da ruwa kawai da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Akwatin yana canza CO2 zuwa iskar gas (syngas), hade da carbon monoxide da hydrogen. Babban samfurin shine oxygen. A cikin 2021, an yi amfani da syngas a farkon duniya mai tsaka-tsaki na carbon-free, burbushin jet. 

Kuma a ƙarshe, yadin farko da masana'anta da aka samar daga iskar carbon da aka kama an ƙirƙira su a cikin 2021 ta kamfanin fasahar kere-kere na LanzaTech tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da babban kayan wasan motsa jiki na lululemon. Don samar da ethanol daga sharar gida na carbon, LanzaTech yana amfani da mafita na halitta. Kamfanin ya yi aiki tare da India Glycols Limited (IGL) da mai kera kayan yadu na Taiwan Far Eastern New Century (FENC) don yin polyester daga ethanol. 

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na tushen CO2

Faɗin abubuwan abubuwan tushen CO2 na iya haɗawa da: 

• Gwamnatoci suna ƙwarin gwiwar kama carbon da masana'antu masu ƙima don cika alkawurran da suka yi na isar da iskar carbon.
• Haɓaka saka hannun jari a cikin bincike kan yadda za a iya amfani da fasahar carbon a wasu masana'antu, kamar kiwon lafiya da binciken sararin samaniya.
• Ƙarin farawar fasahar carbon da ke haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanoni da kamfanoni don ƙirƙirar samfuran tushen carbon. 
• Samfuran suna canzawa zuwa kayan tushen carbon da matakai don haɓaka ƙimar muhalli, zamantakewa, da gudanarwa (ESG).
• Masu amfani da ɗabi'a suna canzawa zuwa samfuran carbon da aka sake yin fa'ida, suna canza rabon kasuwa zuwa kasuwancin dorewa.
• Ingantacciyar sha'awar kamfani a cikin fasahar carbon wanda ke haifar da samuwar sassa na musamman da aka mayar da hankali kan haɗa waɗannan fasahohin cikin layukan samarwa da ake da su.
• Haɓaka buƙatun ƙwararrun fasahar carbon wanda ke sa jami'o'i haɓaka kwazo da shirye-shiryen horo.
• Haɗin gwiwar duniya tsakanin gwamnatoci don daidaita ƙa'idodi don fasahar carbon, daidaita kasuwancin duniya da aikace-aikace.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Ta yaya gwamnatoci za su iya ƙarfafa 'yan kasuwa don canzawa zuwa tsarin carbon-zuwa-daraja?
• Menene sauran fa'idodin sake yin amfani da hayakin carbon?