Masitima apamtunda oyendera dzuwa: Kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka anthu opanda mpweya

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• December 3, 2021

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Masitima oyendera magetsi oyendera dzuwa ayamba kuyenda bwino padziko lonse lapansi, ndi zitsanzo zodziwika bwino ku China, Australia, ndi India zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso mumayendedwe anjanji. Kusinthaku kumachepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni, kumalimbikitsa madera okhazikika, komanso kumapereka mwayi wachuma kudzera mukupanga ntchito ndi kupita patsogolo kwa mayankho osungira mphamvu. Zimalimbikitsanso maboma kuti akhazikitse ndalama zogwirira ntchito zongowonjezwdwa ndikugwirizana kuti akwaniritse zolinga zochepetsera mpweya, zomwe zimathandizira kuti tsogolo lawo likhale lokhazikika.

Nkhani ya sitima yapamtunda ya solar

M'chaka cha 2012, dera la Shenzhen ku China linayambitsa ndondomeko yaikulu monga gawo la ndondomeko ya 12 yazaka zisanu. Dongosololi cholinga chake chinali kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zama sola kuti azipatsa mphamvu m'malo osiyanasiyana aboma, kuphatikiza masitima apamtunda. Kupambana koyambirira kolumikiza netiweki ya 20,000 photovoltaic (PV) solar panels, yokhala ndi mphamvu zotulutsa ma megawati asanu ndi awiri, kupita ku siteshoni yatsopano ya Hongqiao pa mzere wothamanga kwambiri wa Peking-Shanghai mu 2010 idapeza chidwi chachikulu. Kupambana kumeneku kunayatsa chikhumbo chofuna kusintha kuti mayendedwe aziwongolera masitima pazaka zikubwerazi.

Ku Australia, mainjiniya adavumbulutsa sitima yapamtunda yoyendera mabatire a solar, yomwe ikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa mphamvu zowonjezedwanso pamayendedwe anjanji. Mofananamo, ku India, mphamvu ya dzuwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mphamvu zowonjezera ku injini za dizilo, kuchepetsa kudalira mphamvu zamagetsi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti masitima apamtunda angapo padziko lonse lapansi, monga London Blackfriars ndi Antwerp Central Station, alandiranso mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa ngati njira yopangira mphamvu zokhazikika.

Kuphatikizika kwa mapanelo adzuwa muzomangamanga za njanji ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lopita kumayendedwe obiriwira komanso okhazikika. Mwa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya dzuŵa, maselo adzuŵa ameneŵa amachepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon ndi kudalira mafuta oyaka. Pamene anthu padziko lonse akufuna njira zatsopano zothetsera kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kufalikira kwa masitima apamtunda oyendera magetsi ndi masiteshoni oyendera dzuwa kumasonyeza kusintha kwabwino kwa tsogolo lokhazikika.

Zosokoneza

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Riding Sunbeams akuwunikira phindu lomwe lingakhalepo pazachuma popanga mphamvu yadzuwa kuchokera kumakina owongolera omwe ali pano. Ku UK kokha, njira iyi ikhoza kubweretsa ndalama zopulumutsira pachaka zopitirira mapaundi mamiliyoni anayi. Kuchepetsa mtengo kumeneku kumathandiziranso kugawanso chuma kuzinthu zina. 

Kuwonjezera pa ubwino wa zachuma, kufalikira kwa masitima oyendera dzuwa kumathandizira ntchito zapadziko lonse zolimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Pamene maboma ndi makampani akuika patsogolo kukhazikika, kuphatikizidwa kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa muzitsulo zoyendetsa magalimoto kumayimira sitepe yofunika kwambiri pokwaniritsa zolinga zochepetsera mpweya ndikupanga tsogolo lobiriwira. Kusiyanitsa kusakanikirana kwa mphamvu kumachepetsanso chiopsezo cha kusokonezeka ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani akamayika ndalama pakufufuza ndi chitukuko kuti apititse patsogolo kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa, mwayi watsopano wa ntchito ukhoza kuwonekera, kulimbikitsa ukadaulo waukadaulo wamagetsi ongowonjezedwanso.

Kusintha kwa masitima oyendera magetsi oyendera dzuwa kumakhalanso ndi tanthauzo pakukonzekera mizinda komanso chitukuko cha madera okhazikika. Pochepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni ndikuwongolera mpweya wabwino, zoyesererazi zimathandizira kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Ma sola ophatikizika m'masiteshoni a njanji amathanso kukhala ngati chuma cha anthu ammudzi, kupanga mphamvu zoyera zomwe zitha kugawidwa ndi nyumba zoyandikana nazo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi apafupi. Njira yokhazikitsira mphamvuyi pakupanga mphamvu imalimbikitsa kulimba mtima kwanuko komanso imapatsa mphamvu madera kuti atengepo gawo popereka mphamvu zawo.

Zotsatira za masitima apamtunda oyendera dzuwa

Zowonjezereka za masitima oyendera dzuwa zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuchepetsa kudalira gridi ya dziko pakati pa ma network a njanji, kulola kuti ndalama zaboma zizipita kumafakitale osiyanasiyana.
• Kuyika magetsi kwa ma netiweki a njanji kungapangitse kuti ma gridi adziko lonse akhale amakono kuti ma gridi anzeru azitha kugawidwa m'madera akumidzi omwe ma network a njanji amathandizira.
• Kukwezeleza njira yotengera mayendedwe otsika kaboni paulendo wautali, mofanana ndi momwe njira zapansi panthaka zokhala ndi magetsi zimaperekera mpweya wochepa kwa anthu oyenda m'tauni. 
• Mwayi watsopano wa ntchito zopangira, kukonza, ndi kusamalira machitidwe oyendera dzuwa, komanso mwayi wofufuza kuti asayansi aphunzire momwe masitima amagetsi amagetsi amagwirira ntchito pochepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha padziko lonse lapansi.
• Maboma omwe akupanga ndalama zopangira mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mayiko azigwirizana komanso azigwirizana kuti akwaniritse zolinga zochepetsera mpweya komanso kuthana ndi mavuto padziko lonse lapansi.
• Kafukufuku ndi nzeru zatsopano zothetsera mphamvu zosungiramo mphamvu, monga matekinoloje apamwamba a batri, kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi azikhala okhazikika komanso odalirika ngakhale panthawi ya dzuwa yochepa.
• Ogwira ntchito m'magawo amagetsi achikhalidwe akuphunzitsidwanso ndikusintha kukhala ntchito zongowonjezera mphamvu.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mphamvu yamtundu wina ingagwiritsiridwenso ntchito kulimbikitsanso masitima apamtunda? Kodi zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri? 
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti masitima oyendera magetsi oyendera dzuwa angakhale ndi zotsatirapo ziti?