Mphamvu ya mafunde: Kukolola mphamvu zoyera m’nyanja

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• December 1, 2021

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamafunde kumapereka mwayi wodalirika, wodziwikiratu, komanso wokhazikika wa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyambira mafunde mpaka ma turbines apanyanja ndi mipanda ya mafunde. Pamene mayiko akufunafuna mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, mphamvu zamafunde zimatuluka ngati gawo lalikulu, zomwe zikupereka kukula kwachuma, kupanga ntchito, ndi chitetezo champhamvu. Komabe, kuyang'anira mosamala ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zovuta zomwe zingawononge chilengedwe, kuphatikiza zomwe zimachitika pazamoyo zam'madzi ndi mawonekedwe am'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Mafunde a mphamvu ya mafunde

Mphamvu ya mafunde ndi mtundu wina wamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi omwe amasintha mphamvu yochokera ku mafunde kukhala magetsi kapena mitundu ina yofunika ya mphamvu. Ndi gwero la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zomwe zimadziwikiratu komanso zosasinthasintha, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuzi kungathe kuchitika m'njira zingapo, imodzi mwa izo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafunde amadzi. 

Dambo la mafunde ndi mtundu wa madamu omangidwa panjira yopita ku beseni la mafunde. Lili ndi zipata zingapo zomwe zimayang'anira kutuluka kwa madzi kulowa ndi kutuluka mu beseni. Pamene mafunde amalowa, zipata zimatseka, ndikutsekera madzi mu beseni. Mafunde akatuluka, zipata zimatseguka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi otsekeka atuluke kudzera mu makina opangira magetsi.

Njira inanso yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya mafunde ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma turbines a mafunde. Amayikidwa pansi pa nyanja m'malo okhala ndi mafunde amphamvu. Pamene mafunde akuyenda ndi kutuluka, madzi amatembenuza masamba a turbine, omwe amayendetsa jenereta kuti apange magetsi.

Pomaliza, mipanda ya mafunde imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukokera mphamvu ya mafunde. Zomangamangazi zimakhala ndi ma turbines otsatizana motsatana, ofanana ndi mpanda. Pamene mafunde akuyenda ndi kutuluka, madzi amayenda kupyolera mu makina opangira magetsi, kuwapangitsa kuti azizungulira ndi kupanga magetsi. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'madzi osaya pomwe sikutheka kukhazikitsa makina opangira mafunde.

Zosokoneza

Kutumizidwa kwa matekinoloje opangira mphamvu zamafunde, monga turbine yoyandama yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Orbital Marine Power, zikuwonetsa kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu. Pamene mayiko ngati Scotland akuyesetsa kukwaniritsa zolinga zamphamvu zongowonjezereka, mphamvu zamafunde zitha kutenga gawo lalikulu. Popeza mphamvu zamafunde zimadziwikiratu komanso zosasinthasintha, zitha kuthandiza kusinthasintha kwamagetsi komwe kungachitike ndi zinthu zina zongowonjezwdwa monga mphepo ndi solar, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azizima pang'ono komanso kutsitsa mabilu amagetsi.

Makampani okhazikika paukadaulo wamagetsi osinthika amatha kupeza msika womwe ukukula wazogulitsa ndi ntchito zawo. Amene ali m’madera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja atha kupindula ndi kuyika ndi kukonzanso malo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi, kupanga ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, mabizinesi omwe amafunikira mphamvu zambiri, monga mafakitale opangira zinthu, atha kusamukira kumadera omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zotsika mtengo.

Komabe, maboma ndi mabungwe owongolera angafunikire kuyang'anira mosamala kukula kwa mphamvu zamafunde kuti achepetse kuwononga chilengedwe. Nkhawa zokhudza mmene zamoyo za m’madzi zimakhudzira zamoyo za m’madzi n’zomveka ndipo zimafunika kuganiziridwa bwino ndi kuwunika. Njira zingaphatikizepo kupanga ma turbines omwe amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zolengedwa za m'madzi ndikuwunika mozama za momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira ntchito zatsopano zisanavomerezedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, maboma atha kuyika ndalama pakufufuza ndi chitukuko kuti apititse patsogolo ukadaulo komanso kuchepetsa momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira.

Zotsatira za mphamvu ya mafunde

Zowonjezereka pakukolola mphamvu zamafunde zingaphatikizepo:

• Ntchito zambiri zaukadaulo ndi kukonza monga makampani opanga zida zam'madzi akuchulukirachulukira kumanga ma turbines, ma barrage, ndi mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana yoyika mphamvu zamafunde.
• Kupanga ma turbine amtundu wamagetsi omwe amatha kudzitengera kumalo osiyanasiyana am'madzi molondola kuti agwire mafunde akamachitika.
• Njira zakusamuka kwa nyama zakuthengo zam'mphepete mwa nyanja chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma turbines ndi ma barrage.
• Madera akumidzi akumidzi akutha kugwiritsa ntchito gridi yayikulu chifukwa cha kuyika kwamtsogolo kwa mphamvu yakutali ya turbine turbine. 
• Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo champhamvu kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusowa kwa mphamvu ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo komwe kumayenderana ndi magetsi ena.
• Kukhazikitsa maziko a mphamvu zamafunde kusintha malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe zitha kukhudza zokopa alendo ndi mafakitale ena omwe amadalira kukongola kwachilengedwe.
• Ogwira ntchito m'magawo amagetsi achikhalidwe monga malasha ndi mafuta omwe amafunikira kuphunzitsidwanso ndikuthandizira ogwira ntchito omwe achotsedwa.
• Zomwe zingakhudze zachilengedwe zam'madzi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malamulo atsopano ndi zoletsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zopinga zina pakukula ndi kutumiza matekinoloje amagetsi amphamvu.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti mphamvu zamafunde zitha kukhala gwero lamphamvu monga momwe mphamvu zadzuwa ndi mphepo zakhalira kuyambira 2010s?
• Mukuganiza kuti mawonekedwe apanyanja angakhudzidwe bwanji pokhala ndi ma turbine angapo m'mphepete mwa nyanja?