Ukudla inyama encane kungashintsha kanjani impilo yakho kanye neplanethi: iqiniso elishaqisayo mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwenyama emhlabeni

Ingabe i-cheeseburger enamanzi ephindwe kabili izwakala imanzisa emlonyeni kuwe? Khona-ke maningi amathuba okuthi ucasulwe kakhulu abathandi bemifino abakubona njengaleso ‘silo senyama’, abadla amawundlu angenacala ngokunganaki kuyilapho bebhubhisa umhlaba.

I-Vegetarianism kanye ne-veganism ithole isithakazelo phakathi kwesizukulwane esisha sabantu abazifundisele. Umnyakazo usamile kancane uma kuqhathaniswa kodwa ukuthola ukuthandwa, nge-3% yabantu base-US, kanye ne-10% yabaseYurophu abalandela ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni.

Abathengi nabakhiqizi benyama baseNyakatho Melika nabaseYurophu banamathele enyameni, futhi imboni yenyama iyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho. E-United States, ukukhiqizwa kwenyama ebomvu nezinkukhu kwaba nerekhodi 94.3 billion wamaphawundi ngo-2015, ngokudla kwaseMelika okujwayelekile Amakhilogremu angama-200 wenyama ngonyaka. Emhlabeni wonke ukuthengiswa kwale nyama kuyakha nxazonke 1.4% we-GDP, engenisa imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.3 kubantu abahilelekile.

Iqembu laseJalimane lenqubomgomo yomphakathi lishicilele le ncwadi Inyama Atlas, ehlukanisa amazwe ngokwezigaba zawo zenyama (bona lo mfanekiso). Bachaza ukuthi abakhiqizi benyama abayishumi abakhulu abenza imali eningi ngokukhiqiza inyama ngokufuya kakhulu. kukhona: Cargill (33 billion ngonyaka), Tyson (33 billion ngonyaka), Smithfield (13 billion ngonyaka) kanye Hormel Foods (8 billion ngonyaka). Njengoba kunemali engaka esandleni, imboni yenyama kanye namaqembu ahlangene nayo ilawula imakethe futhi izama ukugcina abantu benamathele enyameni, kuyilapho imiphumela engenayo ezilwaneni, impilo yomphakathi kanye nemvelo ibonakala ingakhathazeki kancane.

Kulesi sihloko, sibheka ukuthi ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwenyama kuyithinta kanjani impilo yethu kanye neyeplanethi. Uma siqhubeka sidla inyama ngezinga esidla ngalo manje, umhlaba ungase ungakwazi ukuhambisana nawo. Isikhathi sokubheka inyama ehlukahlukene!

Sidla kakhulu..

Amaqiniso awaqambi amanga. I-US iyizwe elidla inyama ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni (efana nobisi), futhi ikhokhela izikweletu eziphakeme kakhulu zikadokotela ngakho. Isakhamuzi sase-US ngasinye siyadla cishe 200 amakhilogremu yenyama ngomuntu ngonyaka. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, inani labantu base-US liphindwe kabili izinga lokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela kanye nomdlavuza njengoba abantu basemhlabeni wonke. Ubufakazi obukhulayo obuvela kwizazi emhlabeni wonke (bheka ngezansi) bubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwenyama njalo, futhi ikakhulukazi inyama ebomvu egayiwe, kubangela ingozi eyengeziwe yokufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo.

Sisebenzisa umhlaba omningi ngokwedlulele ukufuya...

Ukuze kukhiqizwe ucezu olulodwa lwenyama yenkomo, kudingeka isilinganiso esingama-25 kg okudla, ikakhulukazi okusanhlamvu noma ubhontshisi wesoya. Lokhu kudla kufanele kukhule ndawana thize: amaphesenti angaphezu kwe-90 kuwo wonke umhlaba wamahlathi emvula ase-Amazon osuliwe kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-75 usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imfuyo. Ngaleyo ndlela, esinye sezitshalo eziyinhloko ezitshalwa emahlathini emvula ubhontshisi wesoya osetshenziselwa ukondla izilwane. Akukhona nje ukuthi ihlathi lemvula lisebenza embonini yenyama; ngokwe-United Nations Food And Agriculture Organization (FAO), isilinganiso samaphesenti angama-XNUMX awo wonke amazwe okulima, I-30% yendawo yonke yomhlaba engenaqhwa, isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukudla kwemfuyo kanye nendawo yokuklaba.

Ngokuzayo, kuzodingeka sisebenzise umhlabathi owengeziwe ukuze sihlinzekele ukudla kwenyama emhlabeni: I-FAO iyabikezela ukuthi ukudliwa kwenyama emhlabeni wonke kuzokhula okungenani ngamaphesenti angama-40 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2010. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi abantu abavela emazweni asathuthuka ngaphandle kweNyakatho Melika kanye neYurophu, abazoqala ukudla inyama eningi, ngenxa yengcebo yabo abasanda kuyithola. Inkampani yocwaningo i-FarmEcon LLC ibikezela, nokho, ukuthi noma sisebenzisa yonke indawo yezitshalo emhlabeni ukondla imfuyo, lesi sidingo esikhulayo senyama. ngeke kuhlangatshezwane nayo.

Emkhathini

Elinye iqiniso eliphazamisayo ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kubala u-18% wegesi ephumayo emhlabeni jikelele ngokusho kwe umbiko we FAO. Imfuyo, kanye nebhizinisi lokuziphilisa, kukhafulela isikhutha esiningi (CO2), i-methane, i-nitrous oxide, kanye namagesi afanayo emkhathini, futhi lokho kungaphezu kokukhishwa kwegesi okubangelwa yiwo wonke umkhakha wezokuthutha. Uma sifuna ukuvimbela umhlaba ekushiseni ngaphezu kwama-degree angu-2, inani lawo sezulu top eParis ebikezelwe ukuthi izosisindisa enhlekeleleni yemvelo esikhathini esizayo, ngakho-ke kufanele sehlise kakhulu ukukhishwa kwethu kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.

Abadla inyama babephakamisa amahlombe bahleke ngokujwayelekile kwalezi zinkulumo. Kodwa kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, inqwaba yezifundo zezemfundo ziye zanikezelwa emphumeleni wenyama emzimbeni womuntu kanye nemvelo. Inani elikhulayo lezazi liphethe imboni yemfuyo enecala lokuba yimbangela ehamba phambili yezinkinga eziningi zemvelo njengokuqedwa komhlaba kanye nemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile, ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwempilo yethu yomphakathi. Ake singene emininingwaneni yakho.

Impilo yomphakathi

Inyama ifakazelwa ukuthi inomsoco onenzuzo. Iwumthombo ocebile wamaprotheni, i-iron, i-zinc novithamini B, futhi kungesizathu esihle ukuthi yaba umgogodla wokudla okuningi. Intatheli uMarta Zaraska uphenye ngencwadi yakhe I-Meathook uthando lwethu ngenyama lwakhula lwaba lukhulu kangaka. “Okhokho bethu babevame ukulamba, ngakho inyama yayinomsoco futhi ibalulekile kubo. Abazange bakhathazeke ngempela ukuthi bazosithola yini isifo sikashukela lapho beneminyaka engama-55, ”kusho uZaraska.

Encwadini yakhe, uZaraska ubhala ukuthi ngaphambi kwawo-1950, inyama yayiwukudla okungajwayelekile kubantu. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zithi uma into ethile ingatholakali kalula, sikwazisa kakhulu, futhi yilokho kanye okwenzeka. Phakathi nezimpi zomhlaba, inyama yayiyindlala kakhulu. Nokho, amasosha ayedla kakhulu inyama, ngakho amasosha aphuma ezizindeni ezimpofu athola inala yenyama. Ngemva kwempi, umphakathi ocebile wesigaba esiphakathi waqala ukufaka inyama eyengeziwe ekudleni kwawo, futhi inyama yaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaningi. “Inyama yafika ifanekisela amandla, ingcebo nobudoda, futhi lokhu kusigcina sinamathele enyameni ngokwengqondo,” kusho uZaraska.

Ngokusho kwakhe, imboni yenyama ayikunaki ukubizwa kwabadla imifino, ngoba iyibhizinisi elifana namanye. “Imboni ayinandaba ngempela nokudla kwakho ngendlela efanele, inendaba nenzuzo. E-US kunemali eningi ehilelekile ekukhiqizweni kwenyama - imboni inenani lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-186 zokuthengiswa konyaka, okungaphezu kwe-GDP yaseHungary, isibonelo. Banxenxa, baxhase izifundo futhi batshale imali kwezokukhangisa kanye ne-PR. Bazikhathalela ngempela amabhizinisi abo kuphela”.

Ukungalungi kwezempilo

Inyama ingaqala ukuba nomthelela omubi emzimbeni uma idliwa njalo noma ngezingxenye ezinkulu (nsuku zonke ucezu lwenyama luningi kakhulu). Iqukethe amafutha amaningi agcwele, okuthi uma idliwe kakhulu, inyuse izinga le-cholesterol egazini lakho. Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol ayimbangela evamile isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. E-United States, ukudla kwenyama kukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Umuntu waseMelika ojwayelekile uyadla izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-1.5 inani eliphelele lamaprotheni abalidingayo, iningi lawo livela enyameni. Amagremu angama-77 weprotheyini yezilwane namagremu angama-35 wamaprotheni ezitshalo enza isamba esingu-112 amagremu wamaprotheni etholakala ngomuntu ngamunye e-US ngosuku. I-RDA (isibonelelo sansuku zonke) sabantu abadala kuphela 56 amagremu kusuka ekudleni okuxubile. Odokotela baxwayisa ngokuthi umzimba wethu ugcina amaprotheni amaningi njengamafutha, adala ukukhuluphala, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, ukuvuvukala nomdlavuza.

Ingabe ukudla imifino kuwulungele umzimba? Imisebenzi ecashunwe kakhulu neyakamuva mayelana nomehluko phakathi kokudla kwamaprotheni ezilwane nokudla kwamaprotheni emifino (njengazo zonke izinhlobo zemifino/imifino) ishicilelwa ngaba I-Harvard University, I-Massachusetts General Hospital kanye ne-Harvard Medical School, I-Andrews University, T. Colin Campbell Centre for Nutrition Studies futhi I-Lancet, futhi kukhona nezinye eziningi. Ngamunye ngamunye, babhekana nombuzo uma ngabe amaprotheni ezitshalo angathatha indawo yamaprotheni ezilwane ngokudla, futhi baphendula lo mbuzo ngokuthi yebo, kodwa ngaphansi kwesimo esisodwa: ukudla okusekelwe esitshalweni kufanele kuhluke futhi kuqukethe zonke izici ezinomsoco zokudla okunempilo. Lolu cwaningo lukhomba ngokulandelana inyama ebomvu kanye nenyama egayiwe ukuthi ibe yingozi enkulu empilweni yabantu kunezinye izinhlobo zenyama. Ucwaningo luphinde luveze ukuthi sidinga ukunciphisa ukudla kwethu inyama, ngenxa ye-overdose yamaprotheni ewunikeza umzimba.

Ucwaningo lwesibhedlela saseMassachusetts (imithombo yonke ecashunwe ngenhla) luqaphe ukudla, indlela yokuphila, ukufa kanye nokugula kwabantu abangu-130,000 iminyaka engu-36, futhi lwathola ukuthi ababambiqhaza abadla amaprotheni ezitshalo esikhundleni senyama ebomvu babenethuba elinciphe ngo-34% lokufa. ukufa kusenesikhathi. Lapho bekhipha amaqanda kuphela ekudleni kwabo, kunikeza ukuncipha kwengozi yokufa ngo-19%. Phezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olwenziwa eNyuvesi yaseHarvard lwathola ukuthi ukudla inyama encane ebomvu, ikakhulukazi ebomvu egayiwe, kungase kuhlotshaniswe nezingozi ezinkulu zokuthola umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, nokufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Umphumela ofanayo waphetha ngokuthi I-Lancet ucwaningo, lapho unyaka owodwa, iziguli ze-28 zabelwa indlela yokuphila yemifino enamafutha aphansi, ngaphandle kokubhema, nokuqeqeshwa kokulawula ukucindezeleka nokuzivocavoca okulinganiselwe, futhi abantu abangu-20 babelwa ukugcina ukudla kwabo 'okuvamile'. Ekupheleni kocwaningo kungaphethwa ngokuthi izinguquko eziphelele zendlela yokuphila zingakwazi ukuletha ukuhlehla kwe-coronary atherosulinosis ngemva konyaka owodwa kuphela.

Ngenkathi ucwaningo lwe-Andrews University luphetha ukutholwa okufanayo, bathola nokuthi abantu abadla imifino bavame ukuba nenani eliphansi lomzimba kanye namazinga aphansi omdlavuza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banokudla okuphansi kwamafutha agcwele kanye ne-cholesterol kanye nokudla okuphezulu kwezithelo, imifino, i-fiber, ama-phytochemicals, amantongomane, okusanhlamvu okuphelele nemikhiqizo ye-soy. Amazinga aphansi omdlavuza aphinde aqinisekiswa nguProfesa uDkt. T. Colin Campbell, owaqaphela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "iphrojekthi yaseChina", ukuthi ukudla okungenzeka ukuthi kuphakeme kumaprotheni ezilwane kwakuhlotshaniswa nomdlavuza wesibindi. Uthole ukuthi imithambo ecekelwa phansi yi-cholesterol yezilwane ingalungiswa ngokudla okusekelwe esitshalweni.

Ama-antibiotics

Izazi zezokwelapha nazo zikhomba ukuthi ukudla okunikezwa imfuyo ngokuvamile kuqukethe kwemithi elwa namagciwane futhi izidakamizwa ze-arsenical, abalimi abasebenzisa ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwenyama ngezindleko eziphansi. Le mishanguzo ibulala amagciwane asemathunjini ezilwane, kodwa uma isetshenziswa njalo, yenza amanye amagciwane amelane, ngemva kwalokho asinde futhi ande futhi asabalale endaweni ezungezile ngenyama.

Muva nje, i-European Medicines Agency ishicilele a umbiko lapho bechaza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-anti-biotics aqine kakhulu emapulazini kuye kwakhuphuka ukuze kuqoshwe amazinga emazweni amakhulu aseYurophu. Enye yemithi elwa namagciwane eye yanda ukusetshenziswa kwakuwumuthi colistin, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukugula kwabantu okusongela ukuphila. I I-WHO yeluleka ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kuphela imithi ebhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu emithini yabantu ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zabantu, uma kunjalo, futhi uphathe izilwane ngayo, kodwa umbiko we-EMA ubonisa okuphambene: ama-antibiotics asetshenziswa kakhulu.

Kusenezingxoxo eziningi phakathi kwabelaphi bezempilo mayelana nemithelela emibi yenyama ekudleni kwabantu. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kufanele lwenziwe ukuze kutholwe ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela yezempilo eqondile yezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni nokuthi iyini imiphumela yayo yonke eminye imikhuba okungenzeka ilandelwe yimifino, njengokungabhemi ngokweqile nokuphuza nokuzivocavoca njalo. Okwenziwa yizo zonke izifundo ngokusobala ukuthi phezuukudla inyama kunemiphumela emibi empilweni, nenyama ebomvu njengesitha esikhulu ‘senyama’ somzimba womuntu. Futhi ukudla inyama ngokweqile yilokho kanye abantu abaningi emhlabeni ababonakala bekwenza. Ake sibheke imiphumela lokhu kudla ngokweqile okuba nayo emhlabathini.

Imifino enhlabathini

The Inhlangano ye-UN Food and Agriculture Organisation ilinganisela ukuthi cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-795 kubantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-7.3 emhlabeni bahlushwa ukungondleki okungapheli phakathi kuka-2014-2016. Iqiniso elibi, futhi elibalulekile kule ndaba, ngoba ukushoda kokudla kuhlobene ngokuyinhloko nokukhula ngokushesha kwenani labantu kanye nokwehla kokutholakala komhlaba, amanzi, kanye nezinsiza zamandla ngomuntu ngamunye. Lapho amazwe anemboni enkulu yenyama, njengeBrazil ne-US, esebenzisa umhlabathi wase-Amazon ukutshala izitshalo zezinkomo zawo, lapho-ke sithatha umhlaba ongasetshenziselwa ukondla abantu ngokuqondile. I-FAO ilinganisela ukuthi isilinganiso samaphesenti angama-75 ezindawo zokulima zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukudla kwemfuyo kanye nendawo yokuklaba. Inkinga enkulu ngakho ukungasebenzi kahle kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ngenxa yesifiso sethu sokudla ucezu lwenyama nsuku zonke.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukufuya kunomthelela omubi emhlabathini. Kuwo wonke umhlaba otholakalayo wokulima, Amahektha ayisigidi esingu-12 unyaka ngamunye ulahlekelwa ugwadule (inqubo engokwemvelo eyenza umhlabathi ovundile ube ugwadule), indawo okwakungatshalwa kuyo amathani ayizigidi ezingu-20 okusanhlamvu. Le nqubo ibangelwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi (ukutshalwa kwezitshalo namadlelo), ukuklaba ngokweqile kanye nokulima okujulile okona inhlabathi. Indle yemfuyo igxumela emanzini nasemoyeni, ingcolise imifula, amachibi nomhlabathi. Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo othengiswayo kunganikeza inhlabathi imisoco ethile lapho ukuguguleka komhlabathi kwenzeka, kodwa lo manyolo waziwa ngokufaka izinto eziningi. amandla ezinsalela.

Phezu kwalokhu, izilwane zisebenzisa isilinganiso samalitha angama-55 trillion wamanzi ngonyaka. Ukukhiqiza i-1 kg yeprotheni yezilwane kudinga amanzi aphindwe izikhathi eziyi-100 kunokukhiqiza i-1 kg yeprotheyini yokusanhlamvu, bhala abacwaningi ku I-American Journal of Nutrition Clinic.

Kunezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuphatha umhlabathi, futhi sizocwaninga ngezansi ukuthi abalimi bebhayoloji kanye nemvelo benze isiqalo esihle ekudaleni imijikelezo yokudla esimeme.

Amagesi abamba ukushisa

Sesixoxile kakade ngenani lamagesi abamba ukushisa akhiqizwa yimboni yenyama. Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi akuzona zonke izilwane ezikhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa angaka. Ukukhiqizwa kwenyama yenkomo yikona okubi kakhulu; izinkomo nokudla ezikudlayo kuthatha indawo enkulu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhiqiza i-methane eningi. Ngakho-ke, ucezu lwenyama yenkomo lunomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo kunocezu lwenkukhu.

Ucwaningo eyanyatheliswa yi-Royal Institute of International Affairs, ithole ukuthi ukunciphisa isilinganiso senyama edliwayo ngaphakathi kweziqondiso zezempilo ezamukelekayo kungase kulethe ukuncipha kwekota enanini lesisi esibamba ukushisa esidingekayo ukuze kukhawulwe ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa emhlabeni libe ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-2. Ukuze ufinyelele ingqikithi yamadigri amabili, kudingeka okungaphezu nje kokutholwa kokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni, okuqinisekiswa ngomunye. cwaningo kusuka eNyuvesi yaseMinnesota. Abacwaningi baphakamisa ukuthi izinyathelo ezengeziwe, njengentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa bomkhakha wokudla kanye nokwehliswa kwezindaba ezingahlobene nokudla, ziyadingeka.

Bekungeke yini kube yinzuzo ngomhlabathi, umoya, nempilo yethu ukushintsha ingxenye yamadlelo asetshenziselwa imfuyo ibe amadlelo atshala imifino ukuze isetshenziswe abantu ngokuqondile?

Solutions

Masikhumbule ukuthi ukuphakamisa 'ukudla okusekelwe esitshalweni kwawo wonke umuntu' akunakwenzeka futhi kwenziwa esikhundleni sokudla ngokweqile. Abantu base-Afrika nakwezinye izindawo ezomile kulo mhlaba bayakujabulela ukuba nezinkomo noma izinkukhu njengowukuphela komthombo wabo wamaprotheni. Kodwa amazwe afana ne-USA, Canada, iningi lamazwe ase-Europe, Australia, Israel namanye amazwe aseNingizimu Melika, akleliswe phezulu. uhlu lokudla inyama, kufanele benze izinguquko ezingathi sína endleleni ukudla kwabo okukhiqizwa ngayo uma befuna ukuba umhlaba nenani labantu bawo uphile isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kwamathemba okungondleki kahle nezinhlekelele zemvelo.

Kuyinselele enkulu ukushintsha isimo esikhona, ngoba umhlaba uyinkimbinkimbi futhi uyacela izixazululo eziqondene nomongo. Uma sifuna ukushintsha okuthile, kufanele kube kancane kancane futhi kuqhubeke, futhi kusebenze izidingo zamaqembu amaningi ahlukene. Abanye abantu baphikisana ngokuphelele nazo zonke izinhlobo zokufuywa kwezilwane, kodwa abanye basazimisele ngokuzalanisa futhi badle izilwane ukuze zidliwe, kodwa bazofuna ukushintsha ukudla kwabo ukuze kube nendawo engcono.

Okokuqala kuyadingeka ukuthi abantu baqaphele ukudla kwabo inyama ngokweqile, ngaphambi kokuba bashintshe indlela abadla ngayo. “Uma sesiqonda ukuthi indlala yenyama ivelaphi, singathola izixazululo ezingcono kule nkinga,” kusho uMarta Zaraska, umbhali wale ncwadi. I-Meathook. Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi abakwazi ukudla inyama encane, kodwa bekungenjalo yini nangokubhema?

Ohulumeni badlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. UMarco Springmann, umcwaningi we-Oxford Martin Programme ngekusasa lokudla, uthi ohulumeni bangafaka izici zokusimama emikhombandlela yezwe yokudla njengesinyathelo sokuqala. Uhulumeni angashintsha ukuphakelwa komphakathi ukuze enze izinketho ezinempilo nezisimeme kube yilezo ezizenzakalelayo. “Umnyango waseJalimane usanda kushintsha konke ukudla okunikezwa edilini ukuthi kube yimifino. Ngeshwa, okwamanje, angaphansi kwedlanzana amazwe enze into efana nalena,” kusho uSpringmann. Njengesinyathelo sesithathu soshintsho, uveza ukuthi ohulumeni bangadala ukungalingani okuthile ohlelweni lokudla ngokususa uxhaso lokudla okungalawuleki, futhi abale izingozi zezimali zokukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa noma izindleko zezempilo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kokudla ngentengo yale mikhiqizo. Lokhu kuzogqugquzela abakhiqizi nabathengi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi olunzulu mayelana nokudla.

Intela yenyama

U-Dick Veerman, uchwepheshe wokudla wase-Dutch, uphakamisa ukuthi ukukhululwa kwemakethe kuyadingeka ukuze kuguqulwe ukunikezwa kwenyama okungalawuleki kube ukutholakala okuzinzile. Ohlelweni lwemakethe yamahhala, imboni yenyama ayisoze yayeka ukukhiqiza, futhi okutholakalayo kudala isidingo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isihluthulelo ngakho ukushintsha ukunikezwa. NgokukaVeerman, inyama kufanele ibize kakhulu, futhi ifake ‘intela yenyama’ enanini, enxephezela indawo ezungezile eyenzayo ukuthenga inyama. Intela yenyama izokwenza inyama ibe yinto ewubukhazikhazi futhi, futhi abantu bazoqala ukwazisa inyama (nezilwane) kakhulu. 

Uhlelo lwe-Oxford's Future of Food muva nje eshicilelwe isifundo ku Nature, eyabala ukuthi ziyini izinzuzo zezezimali zokukhokhiswa kwentela ukukhiqizwa kokudla ngokusekelwe ekukhiqizweni kwawo kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Ukukhokhisa intela emikhiqizweni yezilwane kanye namanye amajeneretha akhipha ukungcola okuphezulu kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ngamaphesenti ayi-10 futhi kunqamule amathani ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane zamagesi abamba ukushisa ngonyaka ka-2020, ngokusho kwabacwaningi.

Abagxeki bathi intela yenyama izobashiya ngaphandle abampofu, kuyilapho abacebile bengakwazi ukuqhubeka nokudla inyama ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili. Kepha abacwaningi base-Oxford baphakamisa ukuthi ohulumeni bangakwazi ukuxhasa ezinye izinketho ezinempilo (izithelo nemifino) ukusiza abantu abahola kancane ukuthi bangene kulolu shintsho.

Lab-inyama

Inani elikhulayo labaqalayo liphenya ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukulingisa kwamakhemikhali okuphelele kwenyama, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izilwane. Qala njenge-Memphis Meats, Mosa Meat, Impossible Burger kanye ne-SuperMeat zonke zithengisa inyama yelebhu etshalwe ngamakhemikhali kanye nobisi, ecutshungulwa yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi 'izolimo zamaselula' (imikhiqizo yezolimo etshalwe elebhu). I-Impossible Burger, ekhiqizwa inkampani enegama elifanayo, ibukeka njenge-beef burger yangempela, kodwa ayiqukethe nhlobo inyama yenkomo. Izithako zayo ngukolweni, ukhukhunathi, amazambane kanye neHeme, okuyi-molecule eyimfihlo etholakala enyameni eyenza ikhange emithonjeni yomuntu. I-Impossible Burger iphinda idale ukunambitheka okufanayo nenyama ngokubilisa imvubelo kulokho okubizwa ngeHeme.

Inyama etshalwe elebhu kanye nobisi inamandla okuqeda wonke amagesi abamba ukushisa akhiqizwa imboni yemfuyo, futhi inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba namanzi okudingekayo ukuze kutshalwe imfuyo esikhathini eside, uthi Isivuno Esisha, inhlangano exhasa ngezimali ucwaningo lwezolimo zamaselula. Le ndlela entsha yezolimo isengozini encane yokuqubuka kwezifo kanye nezikhathi zesimo sezulu esibi, futhi ingasetshenziswa eduze nokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo evamile, ngokugcwalisa izimpahla ngenyama etshalwe elebhu.

Izindawo zemvelo zokwenziwa

Ukusebenzisa indawo yokwenziwa ukukhulisa imikhiqizo yokudla akuyona intuthuko entsha futhi isivele isetshenziswa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi zokugcina izithombo. Uma sidla inyama encane, kudingeka imifino eminingi, futhi singasebenzisa izindlu zokugcina izithombo eduze kwezolimo ezivamile. I-greenhouse isetshenziselwa ukwakha isimo sezulu esifudumele lapho izitshalo zingakhula khona, kuyilapho inikezwa imisoco efanelekile namanani amanzi avikela ukukhula okuhle. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yesizini efana notamatisi nama-strawberry ingatshalwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo unyaka wonke, kuyilapho ngokuvamile ingavela ngesizini ethile.

Ama-greenhouses anamandla okudala imifino eminingi ezondla abantu, futhi isimo sezulu esifana nalesi singasetshenziswa nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Inani elandayo lezingadi ezingaphezulu kophahla kanye namapaki edolobha liyathuthukiswa, futhi kunezinhlelo ezinqala zokuguqula amadolobha abe izindawo zokuhlala eziluhlaza, lapho izindawo eziluhlaza ziba yingxenye yezindawo zokuhlala ukuze idolobha likhule ezinye zezitshalo zalo.

Naphezu kwamandla azo, izindawo zokugcina izithombo zisabhekwa njengeziyimpikiswano, ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwazo ngezikhathi ezithile i-carbon dioxide gas ekhiqizwayo, ebangela ukwanda kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Izinhlelo ze-carbon-neutral kufanele ziqale zisetshenziswe kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcina izithombo ngaphambi kokuba zibe ingxenye ‘esimeme’ yohlelo lwethu lokudla.

Isithombe: https://nl.pinterest.com/lawncare/urban-gardening/?lp=true

Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ngendlela eqhubekayo

Uma sehlisa ukudla kwethu inyama kakhulu, izigidi zamahektha ezindawo zokulima zizotholakala ezinye izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Ukuhlukaniswa kabusha kwale mihlaba kuyobe sekudingekile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi okunye okubizwa ngokuthi 'imihlaba engasetshenziselwe ukutshala izitshalo kuyo, ngoba ingasetshenziselwa ukuklaba izinkomo kuphela futhi ayifanele ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo.

Abanye abantu baphikisa ngokuthi ‘lamazwe aseceleni’ angaguqulwa abe isimo sawo sokuqala semifino, ngokutshala izihlahla. Kulo mbono, amasimu avundile angasetshenziselwa ukwakha i-bio-energy noma ukutshala izitshalo ezidliwa abantu. Abanye abacwaningi baphikisa ngokuthi lezi zindawo eziseceleni kusafanele zisetshenziselwe ukuvumela imfuyo iklabe ukuze kutholakale inyama elinganiselwe, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa amanye amasimu avundile ukutshala izitshalo zabantu. Ngale ndlela, imfuyo encane idla emasimini asemaceleni, okuyindlela eqhubekayo yokuyigcina.

Ububi baleyo ndlela wukuthi asihlali sinemihlaba engasenalutho, ngakho-ke uma sifuna ukugcina imfuyo ethile ukuze ikhiqize inyama encane futhi eqhubekayo, kufanele kusetshenziselwe ezinye izindawo ezivundile ukuze ziklabe noma zitshale izitshalo. izilwane.

Ukulima okuphilayo kanye nemvelo

Indlela eqhubekayo yokulima itholakala ku ukulima okuphilayo kanye nemvelo, esebenzisa izindlela eziklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokuqina kwazo zonke izingxenye eziphilayo (izinto eziphilayo zomhlabathi, izitshalo, imfuyo kanye nabantu) ze-agro-ecosystem, ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo etholakalayo. Zonke izinsalela nezakhamzimba ezikhiqizwa epulazini zibuyela emhlabathini, futhi zonke okusanhlamvu, amafolishi kanye namaphrotheni okuphakelwa imfuyo kutshalwa ngendlela eqhubekayo, njengoba kubhaliwe encwadini. Amazinga e-Canadian Organic (2015).

Amapulazi ezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo enza umjikelezo wepulazi lemvelo ngokugaywa kabusha yonke eminye imikhiqizo yepulazi. Izilwane ngokwazo zingama-recyclers esimeme, futhi zingaphakelwa ngisho nokulahlwa kokudla kwethu, ngokusho ucwaningo kusuka eCambridge University. Izinkomo zidinga utshani ukuze zenze ubisi futhi zithuthukise inyama yazo, kodwa izingulube zingaphila ngokulahlwa futhi zakha ngokwazo isisekelo semikhiqizo yokudla eyi-187. Imfucuza yokudla ibalelwa kufika I-50% yawo wonke umkhiqizo emhlabeni jikelele ngakho-ke kunemfucuza yokudla eyanele ukuthi iphinde isetshenziswe ngendlela eqhubekayo.