Isichibiyelo sokuqala nobuchwepheshe obukhulu: Izifundiswa zezomthetho ziyaphikisana uma imithetho yase-US yokukhuluma yamahhala isebenza ku-Big Tech

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 26, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Inkulumompikiswano yokuthi izinkundla zokuxhumana zikuphatha kanjani okuqukethwe ibangele izingxoxo mayelana nendima yesichibiyelo sokuqala (inkulumo yamahhala) esikhathini sedijithali. Uma lezi nkundla bezizophakamisa izimiso Zokuchibiyela Kokuqala, kungaholela kushintsho olubalulekile ekulinganisweni kokuqukethwe, kudale indawo evulekile kakhudlwana kodwa engase ibe nesiphithiphithi ku-inthanethi. Lolu shintsho lungaba nemithelela efinyelela kude, okuhlanganisa amandla okukhuphuka kolwazi olungaqondile, ukuvela kokuzithiba phakathi kwabasebenzisi, kanye nezinselelo ezintsha zamabhizinisi azama ukuphatha ukuba khona kwawo ku-inthanethi.

Isichibiyelo sokuqala kanye nomxholo omkhulu wezobuchwepheshe

Izinga okwenziwa ngalo izinkulumo zomphakathi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana liphakamise imibuzo ngokuthi lezi nkundla zicubungula kanjani futhi zihlole okuqukethwe ezikusabalalisayo. E-US, ikakhulukazi, lezi zenzo zibonakala zingqubuzana Nesichibiyelo Sokuqala, esivikela inkulumo ekhululekile. Izazi zomthetho manje ziphikisana ngokuthi kungakanani ukuvikeleka kwezinkampani ze-Big Tech ngokuvamile, kanye nezinkampani zenkundla yezokuxhumana ikakhulukazi, okufanele zithole ngaphansi Kwesichibiyelo Sokuqala.

I-US First Amendment ivikela inkulumo ekuphazamisekeni kukahulumeni, kodwa iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-US ivamise ukugomela ukuthi izenzo eziyimfihlo azikhaviwe ngendlela efanayo. Njengoba impikiswano ihamba, abalingisi abazimele nezinkampani bavunyelwe ukukhawulela inkulumo ngokubona kwabo. Ukuhlolwa kukahulumeni bekungeke kube naso leso sinyathelo, yingakho kwasungulwa Isichibiyelo Sokuqala.

I-Big tech kanye nenkundla yezokuxhumana ihlinzeka ngesinye isiteshi esisetshenziswa kaningi sezinkulumo zomphakathi, kodwa inkinga manje isivela emandleni abo okulawula ukuthi yikuphi okuqukethwe abakubonisayo ezinkundleni zabo. Uma kucatshangelwa ukubusa kwabo ezimakethe, ukuvinjelwa enkampanini eyodwa kungase kusho ukuthuliswa ezinkundleni eziningi.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukunwetshwa okungaba khona kokuvikelwa Kokuchibiyela Kokuqala ezinkampanini ezizimele njenge-Big Tech kungaba nemithelela ejulile ngekusasa lokuxhumana kwedijithali. Uma izinkundla zokuxhumana ziphoqelekile ukuthi zihloniphe izimiso zesichibiyelo sokuqala, kungase kuholele ekushintsheni okuphawulekayo endleleni okuqukethwe okungamelanga ngayo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kubangele indawo yedijithali evuleke kakhulu kodwa futhi enesiphithiphithi. Abasebenzisi kuzofanele babambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekulawuleni ukuzizwisa kwabo ku-inthanethi, okungabanikeza amandla futhi kukhungathekise.

Kumabhizinisi, lolu shintsho lungaletha izinselele ezintsha namathuba. Yize izinkampani zingase zithwale kanzima ukuphatha ubukhona bazo ku-inthanethi phakathi kwenqwaba yokuqukethwe okungalinganiselwe, zingase futhi zisebenzise lokhu kuvuleka ukuze zihlanganyele nohlu olubanzi lwamazwi nemibono. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuthi amabhizinisi avikele isithombe sebhrendi yawo, njengoba ezoba nokulawula okuncane kokuqukethwe okuhlotshaniswa nawo kulezi nkundla.

Ngokuqondene nohulumeni, imvelo yamazwe ngamazwe yezinkundla zokuxhumana yenza kube nzima ukuphoqelelwa kwanoma yimuphi umthetho osekelwe e-US. Nakuba Isichibiyelo Sokuqala singasetshenziswa kubasebenzisi base-US, cishe cishe akunakwenzeka ukuphoqelela lezi zivikelo kubasebenzisi abangaphandle kwezwe, okuholela ekuzizwiseni okuyiziqephu ze-inthanethi, lapho izinga lokulinganisela okuqukethwe lihluka kuye ngendawo yomsebenzisi. Iphinde iphakamise imibuzo mayelana neqhaza lohulumeni bakazwelonke ekulawuleni izinkundla zedijithali zomhlaba wonke, inselelo okungenzeka icindezeleke kakhulu njengoba umhlaba wethu uya ngokuya uxhumeka.

Imithelela Yesichibiyelo Sokuqala sobuchwepheshe obukhulu

Imithelela ebanzi yeSichibiyelo Sokuqala sobuchwepheshe obukhulu ingase ihlanganise:

• Amazinga okungenzeka axege kakhulu wokulinganisa okuqukethwe kuye ngokuthi yiluphi uhlangothi lwempikiswano olukhona.
• Amanani amakhulu azo zonke izinhlobo zokuqukethwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
• Ukujwayela okungaba khona kwemibono eyeqisayo enkulumweni yomphakathi.
• Ukwanda kwezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezibhekelela imibono ethile yezepolitiki noma yezenkolo, kucatshangwa ukuthi imithetho yesichibiyelo sokuqala yenziwa buthaka ngabalawuli bakusasa.
• Okuqukethwe nezinkulumo emazweni angaphandle kwe-US ezithuthukayo ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokulawulwa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana yesikhathi esizayo.
• Ushintsho oluya ekuzilawuleni phakathi kwabasebenzisi lungase luqhamuke, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamathuluzi amasha nobuchwepheshe obunikeza abantu amandla okukhetha okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwedijithali.
• Amandla okuqukethwe okungahloliwe okuholela ekwandeni kolwazi olungaqondile, okunomthelela ezingxoxweni zezepolitiki nezinqubo zokwenza izinqumo emhlabeni jikelele.
• Izindima ezintsha zigxile ekuphathweni kwesithunzi ku-inthanethi, ezithinta izimakethe zezabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwemboni yezobuchwepheshe.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uma kubhekwa ukufinyelela emhlabeni jikelele kwe-Big Tech kanye nenkundla yezokuxhumana, ingabe ubona kufanelekile ukuthi baqondiswe imithetho evela ezweni elilodwa nje?
• Ingabe omengameli bokuqukethwe kwasendlini abaqashwe izinkampani zenkundla yezokuxhumana banenele ukuhlangabezana nezibopho zabo Zokuchibiyela Kokuqala? 
• Ngabe ukholelwa ukuthi izinkampani zenkundla yezokuxhumana kufanele zenze okungaphezulu noma okuncane kokuqukethwe kokuqukethwe?
• Ucabanga ukuthi abashayamthetho kungenzeka basebenzise imithetho ezonweba isichibiyelo sokuqala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana?