Tsogolo la demokalase la maphunziro

Poganizira zam'tsogolo, munthu nthawi zambiri amamenyedwa ndi zithunzi zaulamuliro: zoletsa kuyenda kwaufulu, kulankhula kwaufulu komanso kuganiza momasuka (kumbukirani dystopian ya George Orwell. Makumi asanu ndi atatu ndi zisanu ndi zinayi?). Tawerenga mabuku okwanira ndikuwona makanema okwanira momwe anthu opanda malingaliro am'tsogolo amayenda mokhazikika pansi pakuwona zonse za Big Brother. Koma n’chifukwa chiyani timaumirira kuganiza za tsogolo loipali? Chifukwa chiyani timakhala ndi mafilimu ngati The masanjidwewo kutulutsa masomphenya okhalitsa otere amtsogolo mwachidziwitso cha anthu?

Pankhani ya maphunziro, ndimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chamtsogolo. Kusintha kwamaphunziro kuli mkati kale, ndipo sikungachite chilichonse koma kufulumizitsa pamene tikupita zaka zikubwerazi. Kugawidwa kwa chidziwitso, komwe kumabwera chifukwa chokulitsa kulowetsedwa kwa Broadband, kudzapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azipeza mwayi wopeza maphunziro ochulukirapo. Zochitika izi zidzatulutsa digiri yapamwamba ya demokalase mu maphunziro; ophunzira adzakhala ndi ulamuliro pa maphunziro awo.

Kodi demokalase imeneyi idzachitika bwanji? Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Komabe, onsewa amagawana zofanana pozindikira kuti dziko la digito ndilo malire akusintha kwamaphunziroku.

Broadband Access ndi Maphunziro a digito

Kulembera kwa Huffington Post, Sramana Mitra akuwona kuti chimodzi mwazoletsa zazikulu pamaphunziro a pa intaneti ndi kuchuluka kwa kulowa kwa burodi. Malinga ndi kuneneratu kwa Mitra, mwayi wofikira ku Broadband udzakula kwambiri pofika chaka cha 2020, kulola kuti ulamuliro wamaphunziro a digito ukule, makamaka m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene.

Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya pulojekiti yowonjezera ma broadband ndi thandizo lomwe lalandira kuchokera ku mabungwe apadziko lonse omwe achita chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhaniyi m'zaka zaposachedwa. UNESCO idatenga nawo gawo pakukhazikitsidwa kwa Broadband Commission for Digital Development mu 2010. A lipoti laposachedwapa Bungwe la Broadband Commission limazindikira kuti Broadband ndi "ukadaulo wosintha zinthu, womwe kufalikira kwake padziko lonse lapansi kumabweretsa chitukuko chokhazikika - mwa kupititsa patsogolo mwayi wophunzira, kuthandizira kugawana zidziwitso ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopeza zomwe zili m'zilankhulo ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana." Maphunziro ndi gawo lalikulu la masomphenya a Commission. Irina Bokova, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa UNESCO, akulemba kuti, "Tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri kuti tiwonjezere mwayi wa maphunziro abwino kwa onse komanso kupatsa mphamvu nzika zonse ndi chidziwitso, luso ndi makhalidwe omwe akufunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo ndikugwira ntchito bwino mu digito. zaka.”

Maphunziro a Paintaneti Amalonda

Kufunika kwa Broadband mtsogolo mwamaphunziro sikungatsutsidwe. Koma kodi Broadband idzagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji popereka maphunziro? Kupatsa anthu mwayi wopeza maphunziro apamwamba ndi zambiri kuposa kuwapatsa mwayi wopita ku Google-payenera kukhala kuyesetsa kukhazikitsa ndi kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro a digito. Broadband ndi chida chomwe chimalola aphunzitsi anzeru kukonzanso dongosolo la maphunziro. Koma kodi oyambitsa izi ndi ndani?

Imodzi mwa njira zomwe intaneti yasinthira kale maphunziro ndi kudzera mu mphamvu zamaphunziro aulere-makamaka makanema. Ndawunikiridwa ndikusangalatsidwa ndi zokamba zapaintaneti (kuphatikiza nkhani zonse za TED zomwe ndidaziwona ndikulemba nkhaniyi). Kuloledwa kuchita zomwe mukufuna - mutu uliwonse, nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku - kungapangitse kuphunzira kukhala kwachilengedwe komanso kosangalatsa. Ndipo kuphunzira kukakhala kosangalatsa, pamakhala mwayi woti zomwe zili mkatimo zilowe mkati. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makanema akhala (ndipo apitiliza kukhala) njira yofunikira pakusamutsa chidziwitso.

Chitsanzo cha maphunziro a pa intaneti oyendetsedwa ndi mavidiyo ndi Khan Academy. Yakhazikitsidwa ndi MIT omaliza maphunziro Salman Khan, Khan Academy idayamba pomwe Khan adayamba kuphunzitsa azisuweni ake. Anawakonzera mavidiyo, ndipo posakhalitsa anapeza kuti ankaoneka kuti akuphunzira bwino kwambiri kudzera m’mavidiyowo osati mwa malangizo a maso ndi maso. Mavidiyowa (omwe adayikidwanso pa YouTube) atayamba kutchuka, Khan adaganiza zokulitsa ntchitoyi posiya ntchito yake ngati katswiri wa hedge fund ndipo adayambitsa Khan Academy.

Cholinga cha Khan Academy ndikuti aphunzitsi atha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo, chochititsa chidwi, kuti "apange umunthu m'kalasi." Aphunzitsi ena apereka maphunziro a Khan Academy ngati homuweki, kulola ophunzira kuphunzira ndikuwunikanso mfundo zofunika kunyumba komanso pa liwiro lawo. Zotsatira zake, ophunzira amatha kuthera nthawi yawo kusukulu akugwira ntchito limodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwe aphunzira kuchokera ku maphunziro a Khan Academy kunyumba. Nthawi ya a Msonkhano wa TED, Khan anafotokoza zimenezi monga “kuchotsa phunziro lachinthu chimodzi m’kalasi ndi kulola ophunzira kuti azikaphunzira okha kunyumba… chinthu chomaliza chimene mungafune ndicho munthu wina kunena kuti, ‘Kodi mukumvetsa zimenezi?’”

Khan Academy ikugwira ntchito kuti ichotse kukakamizidwa, komwe sikumakhala kothandiza kuphunzira. Maphunziro amakanema apa intaneti amalola ophunzira kuyimitsa ndikubwereza ndikuyenda panjira yawoyawo pomwe akuphunzira malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Izi zimachepetsa kupanikizika komwe kungapangitse ophunzira kutsekedwa m'kalasi. 

Malo Ophunzirira Odzikonzekeretsa

Kwa wofufuza maphunziro Sugata Mitra, kudziphunzitsa ndi tsogolo la maphunziro. Dongosolo la maphunziro apano, Mitra akuumiriza kuti, adapangidwa bwino kwambiri, komabe, athanso kutha, atapangidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zaulamuliro wa atsamunda omwe kulibenso. Ichi sichinthu choipa kwenikweni. M'malo mwake, teknoloji yatsopano idzapangitsa kuti ophunzira, omwe sangakhale ndi mwayi wopita kusukulu, azichita nawo maphunziro awo. "Pali njira yosinthira masewerawa," akutero Mitra. “Kodi n’kutheka kuti sitifunika kupita kusukulu? Kodi n’kutheka kuti panthawi imene mukufuna kudziwa zinazake, mukhoza kudziwa m’mphindi ziwiri?”

Mitra anapita kumadera ang’onoang’ono ndi kumidzi yakutali, kumene anapatsa ana makompyuta amene anadzazidwa ndi maprogramu a maphunziro osiyanasiyana (kaŵirikaŵiri, maprogramu a Chingelezi). Popanda kupereka malangizo aliwonse, Mitra adasiya ana awa kuti adziwe zomwe makompyutawo anali, komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Anapeza kuti anawo atasiyidwa kwa miyezi ingapo anaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito makompyutawo mwaluso ndipo anaphunziranso kutulutsa ndi kuphunzira zambiri za makinawo, nthawi zambiri amadziphunzitsa okha Chingelezi.

Kupezaku kudapangitsa Mitra kuchita upainiya wosangalatsa: the Malo Ophunzirira Odzikonzekeretsa (CHIDENDENE). Mfundo yaikulu ya SOLE ndi yakuti ana, ngati apatsidwa mwayi wodzipangira okha, adzaphunzira mwachibadwa; amangofunika kulola kuti chidwi chawo chiziwatsogolera. Mitra akuti mu zake TED Talk, “Ngati mulola kuti maphunziro adzikonzekeretse okha, ndiye kuti kuphunzira kumatuluka. Sikuti kuphunzira kuchitike, ndi za kulola zichitika ... Cholinga changa ndikuthandiza kukonza tsogolo la maphunziro pothandizira ana padziko lonse lapansi, kuti achite zodabwitsa komanso kuthekera kwawo kugwirira ntchito limodzi. ” Malo Ophunzirira Odzikonzekeretsa Atha kupangidwa ndi aliyense, kulikonse, nthawi iliyonse, motero kupangitsa kuti dongosololi likhale lokhazikika. Ndondomeko ikuyamba kutha: SOLE Central inayambitsidwa ndi yunivesite ya Newcastle mu 2014. Imagwira ntchito ngati "malo opangira kafukufuku wa malo ophunzirira okha, kusonkhanitsa ofufuza, akatswiri, opanga ndondomeko, ndi amalonda."

Maphunziro ndi Mphamvu

Onse a Khan ndi Mitra ali ndi chikhulupiriro chofanana chokhudza tsogolo la maphunziro: maphunziro atha ndipo ayenera kupezeka paliponse, ndipo mphamvu zambiri ziyenera kuyikidwa m'manja mwa ophunzira, kuti athe kupanga njira yawoyawo yophunzirira. Mfundo zonsezi ndi zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya aphunzitsi, Daphne Koller. "M'madera ena padziko lapansi ... maphunziro sapezeka mosavuta," akutero Koller mu TED Talk. Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa maphunziro apamwamba, Koller akunena kuti “ngakhale m’madera ena a dziko monga United States, kumene maphunziro akupezeka, mwina sangafikeko.”

Kuti akonze izi, Koller adayambitsa Coursera, chida chapaintaneti chomwe chimatenga maphunziro apamwamba kuchokera ku mayunivesite padziko lonse lapansi ndikupangitsa kuti azipezeka pa intaneti, kwaulere. Mayunivesite othandizana nawo ndi osiyanasiyana, kuyambira ku Princeton, kupita ku yunivesite ya Peking, mpaka ku yunivesite ya Toronto. Kupyolera mu Coursera, maphunziro aulere, apamwamba kwambiri amapezeka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi-chitsanzo china cha kugawa maphunziro.

Thandizo Pagulu ndi Kudziwitsa Kwambiri

Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya Broadband, opanga zinthu monga Koller, Khan ndi Mitra akubweretsa maphunziro aulere, apamwamba kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri. Izi zikunenedwa, ngakhale anthu ali ndi gawo lofunikira pokonzanso maphunziro. Ndikufuna kwathu mwayi wokulirapo komanso chidwi chathu pamaphunziro a digito zomwe zingakakamize omwe ali ndi masomphenya komanso amalonda kuti achitepo kanthu ndikumanga msika wamaphunziro a digito.

Chidwi ndi mphamvu yamphamvu mkati mwa kalasi ndi kunja; chidwi chomwechi chidzasintha kalasi yachikhalidwe. Komabe, chidwi chiyenera kutsagana ndi kuganiza mozama. Payenera kukhala malamulo ndi miyezo m'zaka zamaphunziro a digito-osati kutsekeredwa, kuyimitsidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa, koma mawonekedwe owoneka bwino momwe chidziwitsocho chimawunikiridwa, kukhazikika ndikuperekedwa. Popanda izi, demokalase yamaphunziro idzasintha mwachangu kukhala chisokonezo cha digito

Intaneti ndi yofanana ndi Wild West: malire osayeruzika komwe ndikosavuta kutaya njira yanu. Kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera ndikofunikira ngati tikufuna kukhazikitsa njira yophunzirira ya digito yopindulitsa komanso yodziwika bwino. Udzakhala udindo wa munthu aliyense kukhala ndi malingaliro otsutsa pazambiri zapaintaneti. Ophunzira a digito amakono ndi amtsogolo adzafunika kukhala ndi chidziwitso chambiri pa intaneti komanso kuzindikira mozama kuti athe kudziwa zambiri zomwe zilipo. Zingawoneke zovuta, koma ntchito ya aphunzitsi monga Khan, Koller ndi Mitra idzapangitsa kuti ikhale yotheka.