Mmiri, mmanụ na sayensị in new remix
Mmiri, mmanụ na sayensị in new remix
Mmiri, mmanụ na sayensị in new remix
…Sayensị na-anwa ịrụ ọrụ ebube sayensị oyiri na mbọ ọhụrụ nke ịtụgharị mmiri na ogige ya ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ ọkụ.
Akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ike mmanụ na-eru eru ngwa ngwa dị ka eleghị anya okwu kachasị na mbara ala. Mmanụ, nke a na-ekpuchi mgbe ụfọdụ n'azụ echiche na nkwuwa okwu siri ike, bụ isi ihe kpatara ọtụtụ agha ọgbara ọhụrụ.
International Energy Agency na-eme atụmatụ nkezi nke mmanụ mmanụ na mmanụ ọkụ n'ụwa niile na ihe dị ka nde barel 96 kwa ụbọchị. Nke a ruru ihe karịrị ijeri lita 15.2 mmanụ a na-eri n'otu ụbọchị naanị. N'iburu n'uche mkpa ọ dị n'usoro ya na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nke ụwa na-eju afọ maka mmanụ, nkwụsi ike nke mmanụ ọkụ dị ọnụ ala na ịchọ ụzọ ike ọzọ abụrụla ihe dị mkpa zuru ụwa ọnụ.
Mgbalị iji tọghata mmiri ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ ụgbọala bụ otu n'ime ihe ngosi nke usoro ike ụwa ọhụrụ a, wee si n'akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị wụpụ ngwa ngwa n'ime ụlọ nyocha nyocha n'ezie na nke karịrị oke ala mmanụ.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) na Masdar Institute ejikọtala ọnụ ma kwaga nzọụkwụ dị nso n'ịgbanwe mmiri ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ mmanụ site na usoro sayensị nke na-ekewa mmiri site na iji ụzarị anyanwụ. Iji nweta ezigbo nnabata ike anyanwụ, a na-ahazi elu mmiri ahụ na nanocones ahaziri nke nwere ndụmọdụ ziri ezi nke 100 nanometer n'ogo. N'ụzọ dị otú ahụ, ọtụtụ ike anyanwụ na-egbukepụ egbukepụ nwere ike kewaa mmiri n'ime ihe ndị nwere ike ịgbanwe mmanụ. Usoro ike a na-agbanwe agbanwe ga-esi otú a na-eji ìhè anyanwụ dị ka isi iyi ike maka ikewa photochemical nke mmiri n'ime oxygen na hydrogen nwere ike ịchekwa.
Otu ụkpụrụ teknụzụ a na-etinye n'ọrụ site na otu nyocha iji mepụta ike na-anọpụ iche carbon. Ebe ọ bụ na e nweghị hydrogen geological na-emekarị, mmepụta nke hydrogen na-adabere ugbu a na gas sitere n'okike na mmanụ ọkụ ndị ọzọ sitere na usoro ike dị elu. Mgbalị nyocha a na-eme ugbu a nwere ike ịhụ ebe ikuku hydrogen dị ọcha ka a na-emepụta n'ọtụtụ azụmahịa n'ọdịnihu dị nso.
Òtù sayensị mba ụwa n'azụ ọrụ ọdịnihu ike a gụnyere Dr. Jaime Viegas, osote prọfesọ nke microsystems engineering na Masdar Institute; Dr. Mustapha Jouiad, onye njikwa ihe owuwu microscopy na onye isi nyocha sayensị na Masdar Institute na prọfesọ MIT nke injinia injinia, Dr. Sang-Gook Kim.
Nnyocha sayensị yiri nke ahụ na-ewerekwa ọnọdụ na Caltech na Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), ebe ha na-emepụta usoro nke nwere ike iji ngwa ngwa soro nchọpụta nke mmanụ anwụ na-anọchi anya mmanụ, coal na mmanụ ọkụ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka nyocha MIT, usoro a gụnyere ikewa mmiri site na ịwepụ atom hydrogen na mmiri mmiri wee jikọta ya na atom oxygen iji mepụta mmanụ hydrocarbon. Photoanodes bụ ihe ndị nwere ike kewaa mmiri site na iji ike anyanwụ na-emepụta mmanụ ọkụ na-ere ahịa.
N'ime afọ 40 gara aga, naanị 16 n'ime ihe fotoanode ndị a dị ọnụ ala ma dị mma ka achọtara. Nnyocha na-egbu mgbu na Berkeley Lab emeela ka nchọpụta nke 12 na-ekwe nkwa fotoanodes ọhụrụ iji gbakwunye na 16 gara aga. Olileanya maka ịmepụta mmanụ ọkụ site na mmiri site na ngwa sayensị a ebiliwo nke ukwuu.
Site na olileanya ruo n'eziokwu
Mgbalị ntọghata mmiri a esitela n'ụlọ nyocha sayensị gbagote n'ala ụlọ mmepụta ihe n'ezie. Nordic Blue Crude, ụlọ ọrụ dị na Norway, amalitela imepụta mmanụ ọkụ sịntetik dị elu yana ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ nọchiri anya fosil dabere na mmiri, carbon dioxide na ume ọhụrụ. Ndị otu Nordic Blue Crude bio fuel core bụ Harvard Lillebo, Lars Hillestad, Bjørn Bringedal na Terje Dyrstad. Ọ bụ ụyọkọ tozuru oke nke nka nka ụlọ ọrụ usoro.
Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka injinịa ike nke Germany, Sunfire GmbH, bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ mmepụta ihe na-akwado ọrụ ahụ, na-eji teknụzụ ọsụ ụzọ na-agbanwe mmiri ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ ọkụ sịntetik ma na-enye ohere ịnweta carbon dioxide dị ọcha. Ụlọ ọrụ wepụtara igwe na-agbanwe mmiri na carbon dioxide ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ mmanụ sịntetik nke sitere na mmanụ ala n'afọ gara aga. Igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke mbụ nke ụwa, na-eme mgbanwe n'ime mmiri mmiri hydrocarbons sịntetik petrol, mmanụ dizel, kerosene na mmiri mmiri hydrocarbons, na-eji nkà na ụzụ ike na-mmiri mmiri nke ọgbara ọhụrụ.
Iji nweta mmanụ ọkụ ọhụrụ a na-agbawa agba n'ahịa ngwa ngwa ma tinye ya n'ọtụtụ ngwa, Sunfire sokwa ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ kacha nwee mmetụta n'ụwa gụnyere Boeing, Lufthansa, Audi, L'Oreal na Total. Nico Ulbicht, onye isi ahịa na ịre ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ Dresden, kwadoro na "teknụzụ ka na-emepe emepe ma ọ kabeghị n'ahịa."
