Amanzi, uwoyela nesayensi ku-remix entsha

Amanzi, uwoyela nesayensi ku-remix entsha

…Isayensi izama impinda yesimangaliso sesayensi emzamweni omusha wokuguqula amanzi nezinhlanganisela zawo zibe uphethiloli.  
 
Ezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki zamandla kawoyela zifaneleka kalula njengendaba ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Uwoyela, ngesinye isikhathi ofihlwa ngemuva kwemibono nezinkulumo ezinamandla, uyimbangela yezimpi eziningi zanamuhla.  

 
I-International Energy Agency ilinganisela isidingo somhlaba wonke sikawoyela noketshezi oluwuketshezi cishe emiphongolo eyizigidi ezingu-96 ngosuku. Lokhu kubalelwa kumalitha kawoyela angaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-15.2 asetshenziswa ngosuku olulodwa kuphela. Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwakho kwamaqhinga kanye nokoma okunganeliseki komhlaba kawoyela, ukugeleza okuzinzile kukaphethiloli othengekayo kanye nosesho lweminye imithombo yamandla sekuyimpoqo emhlabeni jikelele. 

Umzamo wokuguqula amanzi abe uphethiloli ungomunye wokubonakaliswa kwalolu hlelo olusha lwamandla emhlabeni wonke, futhi uye weqa ngokushesha wasuka emakhasini enganekwane yesayensi wangena kulabhorethri yangempela yokuhlola nangale kwemingcele yezinkundla zikawoyela.  
 
I-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kanye neMasdar Institute zibambisene futhi zasondeza isinyathelo eduze nokuguqula amanzi abe umthombo kaphethiloli ngenqubo yesayensi ehlukanisa amanzi kusetshenziswa imisebe evela elangeni. Ukuze ufinyelele ukumuncwa kwamandla elanga alungile, indawo yamanzi ilungiswa ngama-nanocones enziwe ngendlela oyifisayo ngamathiphu anembile angama-nanometer angu-100 ngosayizi. Ngaleyo ndlela, amandla amaningi elanga akhiphayo angahlukanisa amanzi abe izingxenye ezishintshayo zikaphethiloli. Lo mjikelezo wamandla obuyisele emuva uzobe usebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga njengomthombo wamandla wokuhlukaniswa kwe-photochemical kwamanzi abe umoya-mpilo ogcinekayo kanye ne-hydrogen.  

Umgomo ofanayo wobuchwepheshe usetshenziswa ithimba labacwaningi ukuze bakhe amandla angathathi hlangothi ekhabhoni. Njengoba ingekho i-geological hydrogen eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen okwamanje kuncike kugesi yemvelo namanye ama-fossil fuels avela kwinqubo yamandla aphezulu. Imizamo yamanje yocwaningo ingabona umthombo ohlanzekile we-hydrogen ukhiqizwa ngezinga lezentengiso esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.  

Ithimba lezesayensi lamazwe ngamazwe eliqhuba le phrojekthi ye-futurism yamandla lihlanganisa uDkt. Jaime Viegas, uprofesa wonjiniyela we-microsystems engineering e-Masdar Institute; UDkt. Mustapha Jouiad, umphathi we-microscopy facility kanye nososayensi oyinhloko wocwaningo e-Masdar Institute kanye noprofesa we-MIT wobunjiniyela bemishini, uDkt. Sang-Gook Kim.  

Ucwaningo lwesayensi olufanayo luyenzeka e-Caltech nase-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), lapho benza khona inqubo enamandla okusheshisa ukutholwa kwezinto ezisebenza ngelanga zikawoyela, amalahle nezinye izibaseli ezivamile. Njengocwaningo lwe-MIT, le nqubo ihilela ukuhlukanisa amanzi ngokukhipha ama-athomu e-hydrogen ku-molecule yamanzi bese ewahlanganisa futhi kanye ne-athomu ye-oxygen ukukhiqiza amafutha e-hydrocarbon. Ama-Photoanode yizinto ezikwazi ukuhlukanisa amanzi zisebenzisa amandla elanga ukuze zenze uphethiloli welanga ohwebayo. 

 Kule minyaka engu-40 edlule, ezingu-16 kuphela zalezi zinto ezingabizi kakhulu nezisebenza kahle ze-photoanode ezitholakele. Ucwaningo olunzima e-Berkeley Lab luholele ekutholakaleni kwama-photoanode angu-12 amasha athembisayo ukuze kwengezwe kwabangu-16 bangaphambilini. Ithemba lokukhiqiza uphethiloli kusuka emanzini ngalolu hlelo lokusebenza lesayensi likhule kakhulu.  

Ukusuka ethembeni kuya eqinisweni 

Lo mzamo wokuguqula amanzi ukuya kuphethiloli usukhuphuke kakhulu ukusuka kulebhu yesayensi ukuya endaweni yangempela yokukhiqiza yezimboni. I-Nordic Blue Crude, inkampani esekelwe e-Norway isiqalile ukukhiqiza izibaso zokwenziwa zezinga eliphezulu kanye neminye imikhiqizo eshintsha izinsalela ngokusekelwe emanzini, i-carbon dioxide namandla avuselelekayo. Iqembu le-Nordic Blue Crude bio fuel core lakhiwe yi-Harvard Lillebo, Lars Hillestad, Bjørn  Bringedal kanye ne- Terje Dyrstad. Kuyiqoqo elinekhono lamakhono onjiniyela embonini yezinqubo.  

Inkampani ehola phambili yobunjiniyela bamandla e-Germany, i-Sunfire GmbH, inguzakwethu oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe bezimboni ngemuva kwephrojekthi, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunjiniyela okuguqula amanzi abe izinto zokubasa zokwenziwa futhi enikeza ukufinyelela okucebile ku-carbon dioxide ehlanzekile. Umshini oguqula amanzi ne-carbon dioxide ube uphethiloli osuselwa ku-petroleum wokwenziwa wethulwe yile nkampani ngonyaka odlule. Umshini oshintshashintshayo nowokuqala emhlabeni, wenza ukuguqulwa ube uphethiloli wokwenziwa wama-hydrocarbon owuketshezi, udizili, uphalafini nama-hydrocarbon awuketshezi, usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanjemanje obunamandla ukuya kuketshezi.  

Ukuze kufakwe lesi siphethiloli esisha emakethe ngokushesha okukhulu futhi sifakwe ezinhlelweni eziningi, i-Sunfire iphinde yasebenzisana namanye ama-corporation anamandla emhlabeni ahlanganisa i-Boeing, i-Lufthansa, i-Audi, i-L’Oreal ne-Total. U-Nico Ulbicht, umphathi wezokuthengisa nezokukhangisa wenkampani esekelwe e-Dresden, uqinisekisile ukuthi “ubuchwepheshe busathuthuka futhi abukatholakali emakethe.”