Madzi, mafuta ndi sayansi mu remix yatsopano
Madzi, mafuta ndi sayansi mu remix yatsopano
Madzi, mafuta ndi sayansi mu remix yatsopano
…Sayansi ikuyesera kubwereza chozizwitsa cha sayansi mukuyesera kwatsopano kusandutsa madzi ndi zinthu zake kukhala mafuta.
Economics ndi ndale za mphamvu zamafuta zimayenera kukhala nkhani yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mafuta, omwe nthawi zina amabisika kumbuyo kwa malingaliro ndi mawu amphamvu, ndiye gwero lankhondo zamasiku ano.
International Energy Agency ikuyerekeza kuchuluka kwamafuta padziko lonse lapansi komwe kumafuna mafuta ndi mafuta amadzimadzi pafupifupi migolo 96 miliyoni patsiku. Izi zikutanthauza kuti malita opitilira 15.2 biliyoni amafuta amadyedwa tsiku limodzi lokha. Poganizira kufunikira kwake komanso ludzu losakhutitsidwa lamafuta padziko lonse lapansi, kuyenda kosasunthika kwamafuta otsika mtengo komanso kufunafuna njira zina zopangira mphamvu zakhala kofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuyesera kutembenuza madzi kukhala mafuta ndi chimodzi mwa ziwonetsero za dongosolo latsopano la mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mwamsanga adalumpha masamba a nthano za sayansi kukhala ma laboratories enieni oyesera komanso kupitirira malire a minda ya mafuta.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ndi Masdar Institute agwirizana ndi kusuntha sitepe pafupi ndi kusintha madzi kukhala gwero lamafuta kudzera mu ndondomeko ya sayansi yomwe imagawaniza madzi pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kuti mukwaniritse kuyamwa bwino kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa, pamwamba pamadzi amasinthidwa kukhala ma nanocones omwe ali ndi nsonga zenizeni za kukula kwa nanometer 100. Mwanjira imeneyi, mphamvu yochulukirapo ya dzuwa imatha kugawa madziwo kukhala zinthu zomwe zimatha kusintha mafuta. Njira yosinthira mphamvu imeneyi idzakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa monga gwero la mphamvu ya photochemical kugawikana kwa madzi kukhala okosijeni ndi hydrogen.
Mfundo yaukadaulo yomweyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gulu lofufuza kuti apange mphamvu zopanda ndale za carbon. Popeza palibe geological haidrojeni yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe, kupanga haidrojeni pakadali pano kumadalira gasi wachilengedwe ndi mafuta ena oyambira kuphatikizika kwamphamvu kwambiri. Kafukufuku wamakono atha kuwona gwero loyera la hydrogen likupangidwa pazamalonda posachedwa.
Gulu la sayansi lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe likuthandizira pulojekitiyi ya mphamvu ya futurism ikuphatikizapo Dr. Jaime Viegas, pulofesa wothandizira wa microsystems engineering ku Masdar Institute; Dr. Mustapha Jouiad, woyang'anira malo opangira ma microscopy ndi wasayansi wamkulu wofufuza ku Masdar Institute ndi pulofesa wa MIT wa mechanical engineering, Dr. Sang-Gook Kim.
Kafukufuku wasayansi wofananira nawonso akuchitika ku Caltech ndi Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), komwe akupanga njira yomwe ili ndi kuthekera kofulumira kupezedwa kwa mafuta adzuwa m'malo mwamafuta, malasha ndi mafuta ena wamba. Monga kafukufuku wa MIT, njirayi imaphatikizapo kugawa madzi pochotsa maatomu a haidrojeni mu molekyulu yamadzi ndikuphatikizanso pamodzi ndi atomu ya okosijeni kuti apange mafuta a hydrocarbon. Photoanodes ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kugawa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa kuti apange mafuta opangira malonda.
Pazaka 40 zapitazi, 16 yokha mwa zipangizo zotsika mtengo komanso zogwira mtima za photoanode zapezeka. Kafukufuku wovuta ku Berkeley Lab wachititsa kuti apeze 12 akulonjeza photoanodes atsopano kuti awonjezere ku 16 yapitayi.
Kuchokera ku chiyembekezo kupita ku chenicheni
Ntchito yosinthira madzi kuti ikhale mafuta yakwera kwambiri kuchokera ku labotale ya sayansi kupita kumalo enieni opanga mafakitale. Nordic Blue Crude, kampani yochokera ku Norway, yayamba kupanga mafuta opangira mafuta apamwamba kwambiri komanso zinthu zina zolowa m'malo mwa madzi, carbon dioxide ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Gulu la Nordic Blue Crude bio fuel core limapangidwa ndi Harvard Lillebo, Lars Hillestad, Bjørn Bringedal ndi Terje Dyrstad. Ndi gulu laluso laukadaulo waukadaulo wamakampani.
Kampani yotsogola ku Germany, Sunfire GmbH, ndiye mthandizi wamkulu waukadaulo wamafakitale kumbuyo kwa polojekitiyi, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waupainiya womwe umasintha madzi kukhala mafuta opangira komanso kupereka mwayi wopeza bwino wa carbon dioxide. Makina omwe amasintha madzi ndi mpweya woipa kukhala mafuta opangira mafuta opangidwa ndi petroleum adakhazikitsidwa ndi kampaniyo chaka chatha. Makina osinthira ndi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi, amasinthira kukhala mafuta amafuta amadzimadzi, dizilo, palafini ndi ma hydrocarbon amadzimadzi, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wamagetsi.
Pofuna kutengera mafuta atsopanowa pamsika mwachangu komanso kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kangapo, Sunfire yagwirizananso ndi mabungwe otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuphatikiza Boeing, Lufthansa, Audi, L'Oreal ndi Total. Nico Ulbicht, wamkulu wa malonda ndi malonda a kampani ya Dresden, adatsimikizira kuti "teknolojiyi ikupitabe patsogolo ndipo sichinapezeke pamsika."
