Tsogolo la chithandizo cha ADHD

Zolemba 

 ADHD ndi vuto lalikulu ku America. Zimakhudza 3-5% ya anthu (kuposa zaka khumi zapitazo!) ndipo zimakhudza ana ndi akuluakulu. Ndiye, ndi vuto lofala ngati ili, ndiye kuti pali mankhwala, ayi? 

Chabwino, ayi ndithu. Palibe mankhwala pakali pano, koma pali njira zochizira. Ndiko kuti, kudzera mumankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala, komanso mitundu ina yamankhwala. Zomwe sizikumveka bwino, mpaka munthu atadutsa muzotsatira zodziwika bwino za mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala otchukawa: nseru, kusanza, kusowa kwa njala, kuchepa thupi, komanso kugona. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchiza matendawa, komabe sikupambana. 

Asayansi sakudziwabe za momwe ADHD imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imakhudzira thupi la munthu, ndipo chifukwa matendawa akukhudza anthu ochulukirapo tsiku lililonse, akuchitapo kanthu. Zotsatira zake, njira zatsopano zofufuzira ndi chithandizo cha ADHD zikuyang'aniridwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. 

Kulosera mwanzeru? 

Asayansi sakukhudzidwanso ndi zotsatira za ADHD nthawi imodzi. Pamene vutoli likufalikira kutali pakati pa anthu, asayansi tsopano akuyang'ana zotsatira za mtsogolo pa chiwerengero cha anthu. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Everyday Health, asayansi akufufuza mafunso otsatirawa ndi kufufuza kwawo: “Kodi ana amene ali ndi ADHD amakhala bwanji, powayerekezera ndi abale ndi alongo opanda vutoli? Monga achikulire, amasamalira bwanji ana awo?” Maphunziro ena amafunanso kumvetsetsa ADHD mwa akulu. Maphunziro oterowo amapereka chidziŵitso cha mitundu ya chithandizo kapena mautumiki amene amathandiza mwana wa ADHD kukula kukhala kholo losamala ndi munthu wamkulu wochita bwino.  

Payenera kunenedwa za momwe asayansiwa akuyesa kuti apeze kafukufuku wotere. Mogwirizana ndi Health Daily Health, asayansi akugwiritsa ntchito anthu ndi nyama kuti akwaniritse izi. Nkhaniyo inanena kuti “kafukufuku wa zinyama amalola kuti mankhwala atsopano ayesedwe atayesedwa kalekale asanapatsidwe kwa anthu.”  

Komabe, kuyezetsa nyama ndi nkhani yotsutsana kwambiri pakati pa asayansi, monganso mutu wa ADHD womwewo, kotero kuti mchitidwewu wakhala wodziwika bwino pakutsutsidwa koyipa komanso koyenera. Komabe, chinthu chimodzi ndichotsimikizika, ngati machitidwewa apambana, dziko la psychology litha kutulutsidwa mkati. 

Kudziwiratu  

Kujambula muubongo posachedwapa kwakhala kodziwika kwambiri powonera momwe ADHD imakhudzira ubongo. Malinga ndi Everyday Health, kafukufuku watsopano akupita ku maphunziro oyembekezera komanso momwe ubwana ndi kulera zimatengera momwe ADHD imawonekera mwa ana. 

Mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe tawatchulawa omwe ali ndi zotsatira zokongola zotere akuyesedwanso. Apa ndipamenenso, nyama zimabwerera. Popanga mankhwala atsopano, nyama nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutengera za anthu. 
Zoyenera kapena ayi, kafukufukuyu avumbulutsa zambiri zachinsinsi chomwe ndi ADHD. 

Zambiri mwaukadaulo… 

Pa mawu a Everyday Health, "NIMH ndi Dipatimenti Yophunzitsa ku United States akuthandizira kafukufuku wamkulu wa dziko lonse - woyamba wa mtundu wake - kuti awone kuti ndi mankhwala ati a ADHD omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ana. Pakafukufukuyu wazaka 5, asayansi azipatala zofufuza m'dziko lonselo agwira ntchito limodzi kusonkhanitsa deta kuti ayankhe mafunso monga: Kodi kuphatikiza mankhwala olimbikitsa ndi kusintha khalidwe ndi kothandiza kuposa nokha? Kodi anyamata ndi atsikana amayankha mosiyana akalandira chithandizo? Kodi kupsinjika kwa m'banja, ndalama, ndi chilengedwe zimakhudza bwanji kuopsa kwa ADHD ndi zotsatira za nthawi yayitali? Kodi kufunikira kwa mankhwala kumakhudza bwanji luso la ana, kudziletsa, ndi kudziona kuti ndi wofunika?” 

Uku ndi kubwereza mfundo yomaliza yomwe yanenedwa. Koma tsopano, asayansi akutenga sitepe imodzi iyi mopitirira kukayikira “umodzi” wa ADHD. Bwanji ngati pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana? Aliyense amene amadziwa za ADHD (kapena psychology, pankhaniyi) amadziwa kuti matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu ena monga kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa. Koma tsopano asayansi akhoza kufufuza kuti awone ngati pali kusiyana kulikonse (kapena kufanana) mwa omwe ali ndi ADHD, kapena chimodzi mwa mikhalidwe imeneyi. Kupeza maulalo ofunikira pakati pa ADHD ndi mikhalidwe ina kungatanthauze kukankhira kwina kuchiritsa matendawa kwa onse. 

Nchifukwa chiyani izi ziri zofunika?  

Zikuwoneka kuti kafukufuku watsopano yemwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito akukhudza anthu onse. Kodi chimenecho ndi chinthu chabwino, kapena choipa? Eya, tengani izi mwachitsanzo: popeza ADHD ikukhudza anthu ochulukirachulukira tsiku lililonse, chidziwitso chilichonse chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popewera ndi kuchiwongolera chidzalandiridwa. 

M'magulu asayansi, ndizo. ADHD yakhala ikuwoneka ngati chinthu chovuta kuthana nacho pakati pa akatswiri amisala, makolo, aphunzitsi, ngakhale omwe ali nawo. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, ADHD imalandiridwanso m'magulu chifukwa cha "zopindulitsa za kulenga", zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayamikiridwa ndi akatswiri, othamanga, opambana a Nobel, ndi ena omwe ali nawo.  

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mankhwala atapezeka kudzera mu njira izi mwanjira ina, phindu lake lingayambitse mkangano wina pakati pa anthu, mwina wamkulu kuposa wa ADHD wapano pakali pano.