Mafunde anu aubongo posachedwa adzawongolera makina ndi nyama zomwe zikuzungulirani

Tangoganizani kuti mutha kusintha wowongolera aliyense m'moyo wanu ndi chipangizo chimodzi chosavuta. Palibenso zolemba zamalangizo komanso kiyibodi kapena mabatani. Sitikulankhula za chowongolera chatsopano chakutali. Osati pamene ubongo wanu ukhoza kale kugwirizanitsa ndi teknoloji. 

Malinga ndi a Edward Boyden, Pulofesa wa Benesse Career Development ku MIT Media Lab, "Ubongo ndi chipangizo chamagetsi. Magetsi ndi chinenero chofala. Izi ndi zomwe zimatipangitsa kuti tizilumikizana ndi ubongo ndi zida zamagetsi. ” Kwenikweni, ubongo ndi kompyuta yovuta, yokonzedwa bwino. Chilichonse chimayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku neuron kupita ku neuron.

Tsiku lina, mutha kusokoneza chizindikirochi monga momwe zilili mu kanema wa James Bond, komwe mungagwiritse ntchito wotchi kuti musokoneze chizindikiro china. Mwina tsiku lina mutha kupitilira malingaliro a nyama kapena anthu ena. Ngakhale kuti kutha kulamulira nyama ndi zinthu ndi malingaliro anu kumawoneka ngati chinachake kuchokera mu kanema wa sci-fi, kulamulira maganizo kungakhale pafupi ndi zotsatira kuposa momwe zimawonekera.

The Chatekinoloje

Akatswiri ochita kafukufuku ku Harvard apanga ukadaulo wosagwiritsa ntchito ubongo wotchedwa Brain Control Interface (BCI) womwe umalola anthu kuwongolera kuyenda kwa mchira wa khoswe. Inde, izi sizikutanthauza kuti ochita kafukufuku ali ndi mphamvu zonse pa ubongo wa makoswe. Kuti tithe kuwongolera ma siginecha a muubongo, tiyenera kumvetsetsa momwe ma siginecha amalembedwera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kumvetsetsa chilankhulo cha ubongo.

Pakalipano, zomwe tingachite ndikuwongolera chinenerocho mwa kusokoneza. Tiyerekeze kuti mukumvetsera munthu wina akulankhula chinenero china. Simungathe kuwauza zoti anene kapena mmene angalankhulire, koma mungasinthe zolankhula zawo mwa kuwadula mawu kapena kuwasonyeza kuti simukuwamva. M’lingaliro limeneli, mukhoza kupereka zizindikiro kwa munthu wina kuti asinthe kalankhulidwe kawo.

N'chifukwa Chiyani Sindingathe Kuzipeza Panopa?

Pofuna kusokoneza ubongo pamanja, asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chotchedwa electroencephalogram (EEG) chomwe chimatha kuzindikira zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimadutsa mu ubongo wanu. Izi zimadziwika kudzera m'madisiki ang'onoang'ono achitsulo omwe amamangiriridwa pamutu panu ndipo amakhala ngati ma electrode.

Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wa BCI ndiwosasinthika, makamaka chifukwa chazovuta zaubongo. Mpaka ukadaulo ungaphatikizidwe bwino ndi ma siginecha amagetsi muubongo, zomwe zimachotsedwa ku neuron kupita ku neuron sizingasinthidwe moyenera. Ma neurons omwe ali pafupi kwambiri muubongo nthawi zambiri amatulutsa zizindikiro zofanana, zomwe ndizomwe ukadaulo umayendera, koma zotulutsa zilizonse zimapanga mtundu wa static womwe ukadaulo wa BCI sungathe kuusanthula. Kuvuta uku kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti tingopanga algorithm yofotokozera mawonekedwewo. Komabe, titha kutengera mafunde ovuta kwambiri m'tsogolomu powunika momwe mafunde aubongo amayendera,

Zotheka Ndi Zosatha

Yerekezerani kuti foni yanu ikufunika mlandu watsopano ndipo simukufuna kugwetsanso madola makumi atatu pa ina kusitolo. Ngati mungaganizire miyeso yofunikira ndikutulutsa deta ku a Chosindikizira 3D, mungakhale ndi mlandu wanu watsopano pamtengo wochepa kwambiri komanso osachita chilichonse. Kapena pamlingo wosavuta, mutha kusintha tchanelo osafikira kutali. M'lingaliro limeneli, BCI ikhoza kukonzedwa kuti igwirizane ndi makina ndi kulamulira osati ubongo.

Ndiloleni Ndiyese

Masewera a board ndi masewera apakanema ayamba kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa EEG kuti akulole kuyesa ubongo wanu. Machitidwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa EEG amachokera ku machitidwe osavuta, monga Mphunzitsi wa Star Wars Science Force, ku machitidwe apamwamba, monga Emotive EPOC. 

Mu Star Wars Science Force Trainer, wogwiritsa ntchito amayang'ana kwambiri kuyendetsa mpira m'malingaliro, molimbikitsidwa ndi chilimbikitso cha Yoda. The Neural Impulse Actuator, chowonjezera chamasewera chomwe chimagulitsidwa ndi Windows, chomwe chimatha kudina kumanzere ndikuwongolera kusewerera pamasewera pazovuta m'mutu, ndizovuta kwambiri.

Zopititsa patsogolo Zachipatala

Ngakhale ukadaulo uwu ungawoneke ngati gimmick yotsika mtengo, mwayi wake ndi wopanda malire. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wopuwala amatha kulamulira miyendo yake yonse poganiza. Kutaya mkono kapena mwendo sikuyenera kukhala cholepheretsa kapena chosokoneza chifukwa chowonjezeracho chikhoza kusinthidwa ndi makina abwino omwe ali ndi machitidwe ofanana.

Ma prosthetics ochititsa chidwi awa adapangidwa kale ndikuyesedwa m'ma laboratories ndi odwala omwe alephera kuwongolera matupi awo. Jan Scheuermann ndi m'modzi mwa anthu 20 omwe adayesa nawo ukadaulo uwu. Scheuermann wakhala olumala kwa zaka 14 tsopano ndi matenda osowa kwambiri otchedwa spinocerebellar degeneration. Matendawa amatsekera Jan mkati mwa thupi lake. Ubongo wake ukhoza kutumiza malamulo ku miyendo yake, koma kulankhulana kwayimitsidwa pang'ono. Sangathe kusuntha miyendo yake chifukwa cha matendawa.

Jan atamva za kafukufuku wofufuza yemwe angamulole kuti ayambenso kulamulira zida zake, anavomera nthawi yomweyo. Ataona kuti amatha kusuntha mkono wa roboti ndi malingaliro ake atalumikizidwa, anati: “Ndinasuntha china chake m'malo mwanga kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka zapitazi. Zinali zopatsa mphamvu komanso zosangalatsa. Ofufuzawo sanathenso kupukuta kumwetulira pankhope zawo kwa milungu ingapo.”

Pazaka zitatu zapitazi akuphunzitsidwa ndi mkono wa robotic, womwe amamutcha Hector, Jan wayamba kuwonetsa kuwongolera bwino kwambiri pa mkono. Wakwaniritsa cholinga chake chokhala wokhoza kudzidyetsa yekha chokoleti ndipo wakwaniritsa ntchito zina zambiri zomwe gulu lofufuza pa yunivesite ya Pittsburgh linapanga.

Patapita nthawi, Jan anayamba kulephera kulamulira mkono. Ubongo ndi malo odana kwambiri ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Zotsatira zake, minofu ya zipsera imatha kuzungulira mozungulira, kulepheretsa ma neuron kuwerengedwa. Jan akhumudwitsidwa kuti sangachite bwino kuposa momwe analiri, koma “anavomereza [mfundo imeneyi] popanda mkwiyo kapena kupsya mtima.” Ichi ndi chisonyezero chakuti teknoloji sidzakhala yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda kwa nthawi yaitali.

Zovuta

Kuti teknoloji ikhale yoyenera, phindu liyenera kupitirira chiopsezo. Ngakhale odwala amatha kugwira ntchito zoyambira ndi ziwalo zopangirako monga kutsuka mano, mkono sumapereka kusuntha kokwanira kokwanira kuti mtengo wake ndi ululu wamthupi wa opaleshoni yaubongo ugwiritse ntchito.

Ngati mphamvu ya wodwalayo yosuntha chiwalocho ikulephereka m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, nthaŵi imene imafunika kudziŵa bwino chiwalocho sichingakhale chaphindu. Ukadaulowu ukangopangidwanso, utha kukhala wothandiza kwambiri, koma pakadali pano, sungathe kudziko lenileni.

Kuposa Kumverera

Popeza kuti ma prostheticswa amagwira ntchito polandira zidziwitso zotumizidwa kuchokera ku ubongo, njira yolumikizira imatha kusinthidwanso. Mitsempha ikasonkhezeredwa ndi kukhudza, imatumiza mphamvu zamagetsi ku ubongo kuti mudziwe kuti mukukhudzidwa. Zitha kukhala zotheka kuti zokopa zamagetsi zomwe zili mkati mwa minyewa zitumize zizindikiro kumbali ina kubwerera ku ubongo. Tangoganizani kutaya mwendo ndikupeza watsopano womwe umakulolani kuti mumve kukhudza.