Msewu waukulu wopanda zingwe: Magalimoto amagetsi mwina sadzatha mtsogolo

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• April 22, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Tangoganizani dziko limene magalimoto amagetsi (EVs) amalipira akamayendetsa m'misewu yayikulu yopangidwa mwapadera, lingaliro lomwe likusintha momwe timaganizira zamayendedwe. Kusinthaku kwa misewu yayikulu yolipiritsa opanda zingwe kungapangitse kuti anthu azikhulupirira kwambiri ma EV, kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira zinthu, ndikupanga mabizinesi atsopano, monga misewu yayikulu yomwe imalipira kugwiritsa ntchito misewu komanso kulipiritsa magalimoto. Pamodzi ndi zochitika zolonjezazi, kuphatikiza kwa teknolojiyi kumakhalanso ndi zovuta pakukonzekera, malamulo a chitetezo, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti pali mwayi wofanana.

Msewu waukulu wolipiritsa opanda zingwe

Makampani oyendetsa mayendedwe asintha nthawi zonse kuyambira pomwe galimoto yoyamba idapangidwa. Pamene ma EV akuchulukirachulukira ndi ogula, mayankho angapo aperekedwa ndipo mapulani akhazikitsidwa kuti ukadaulo wa ma batire azipezeke ponseponse. Kupanga misewu yayikulu yolipiritsa opanda zingwe ndi njira imodzi yomwe ma EV angalipiritsire akamayendetsa, zomwe zitha kubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu m'makampani agalimoto ngati ukadaulo uwu uvomerezedwa kwambiri. Lingaliro la kulipiritsa popita silingangowonjezera mwayi kwa eni ake a EV komanso limathandizira kuchepetsa nkhawa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabwera ndi umwini wagalimoto yamagetsi.

Dziko likhoza kuyandikira pafupi ndi kumanga misewu yomwe imatha kumalipira ma EV ndi magalimoto osakanizidwa mosalekeza. M'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2010, kufunikira kwa ma EV kwakula kwambiri m'misika yamunthu komanso yamalonda. Pamene ma EV ambiri amayendetsedwa m'misewu yapadziko lonse lapansi, kufunikira kwa zomangamanga zodalirika komanso zosavuta zolipiritsa kukukulirakulira. Makampani omwe atha kupanga mayankho atsopano m'derali athanso kupeza phindu lalikulu lazamalonda kuposa omwe amapikisana nawo, kulimbikitsa mpikisano wathanzi komanso kutsitsa mtengo kwa ogula.

Kupanga misewu yayikulu yopanda zingwe kumapereka mwayi wosangalatsa, koma kumabweranso ndi zovuta zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Kuphatikizika kwa teknolojiyi kuzinthu zomwe zilipo kumafuna kukonzekera mosamala, mgwirizano pakati pa maboma ndi makampani apadera, komanso ndalama zambiri. Miyezo yachitetezo ndi malamulo angafunikire kukhazikitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ukadaulo ndi wothandiza komanso wotetezeka. Ngakhale pali zopinga izi, phindu lomwe lingakhalepo la njira yolipirira yosinthika komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ya ma EV ndi yoonekeratu, ndipo kufunafuna ukadaulo uwu kumatha kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonza tsogolo lamayendedwe.

Zosokoneza

Monga gawo la njira yopangira ma EVs ndi zida zoyendetsera ku United States, dipatimenti ya Transportation ya Indiana (INDOT), mogwirizana ndi Yunivesite ya Purdue komanso kuyambitsa ku Germany, Magment GmbH, adalengeza mkati mwa 2021 akukonzekera kumanga misewu yayikulu yopanda zingwe. . Misewu ikuluikulu ingagwiritse ntchito konkriti yopangidwa ndi magnetizable kuti azilipiritsa magalimoto amagetsi opanda zingwe. 

INDOT ikukonzekera kuchita ntchitoyi m'magawo atatu. M'gawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri, ntchitoyi ikhala ndi cholinga choyesa, kusanthula, ndi kukhathamiritsa njira yapaderadera yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri mumsewu waukulu wokhoza kulipiritsa magalimoto oyendetsa. Purdue's Joint Transportation Research Program (JTRP) ichititsa magawo awiri oyambilira ku kampasi yake ya West Lafayette. Gawo lachitatu lidzakhala ndi ntchito yomanga malo oyesera a makilomita 200 kapena kuposerapo kuti azitha kuyendetsa magalimoto onyamula magetsi.

The magnetizable konkire adzapangidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe zobwezerezedwanso maginito particles ndi simenti. Kutengera kuyerekeza kwa Magment, mphamvu yotumizira opanda zingwe ya konkriti yowoneka bwino ndi pafupifupi 95 peresenti, pomwe ndalama zopangira misewu yapaderayi ndizofanana ndi zomangamanga zachikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza pakuthandizira kukula kwamakampani a EV, ma EV ochulukirapo omwe amagulidwa ndi omwe kale anali oyendetsa magalimoto oyaka mkati atha kupangitsa kuti mpweya wa carbon uchepe m'matauni. 

Mitundu ina yamisewu yayikulu yolipirira opanda zingwe ikuyesedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2018, Sweden idapanga njanji yamagetsi yomwe imatha kusamutsa mphamvu kudzera pa mkono wosunthika kupita kumagalimoto omwe akuyenda. ElectReon, kampani yamagetsi yopanda zingwe yaku Israeli, idapanga makina opangira ma inductive charger omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulipiritsa galimoto yamagetsi bwino. Ukadaulo uwu utha kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira polimbikitsa opanga magalimoto kuti azikumbatira mwachangu magalimoto amagetsi, okhala ndi mtunda woyenda komanso moyo wautali wa batri zomwe zikuyimira zovuta zaukadaulo zomwe makampani akukumana nazo. Mwachitsanzo, pakati pa opanga magalimoto akuluakulu ku Germany, Volkswagen imatsogolera mgwirizano kuti aphatikize ukadaulo wa ElectReon wamagalimoto mumagalimoto amagetsi opangidwa kumene. 

Zotsatira za misewu yayikulu yolipirira opanda zingwe

Zotsatira zakuchulukira kwa misewu yayikulu yopanda zingwe zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuchulukitsa chidaliro cha anthu pakutengera ma EV chifukwa amatha kukhulupirira kwambiri ma EV awo kuti awanyamule mtunda wautali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri avomerezeke ndikugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
• Kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira ma EV popeza opanga ma automaker amatha kupanga magalimoto okhala ndi mabatire ang'onoang'ono chifukwa madalaivala azilipiritsa magalimoto awo mosalekeza paulendo wawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magalimoto amagetsi azikhala otsika mtengo komanso ofikira kwa ogula ambiri.
• Unyolo wowongolera monga magalimoto onyamula katundu ndi magalimoto ena osiyanasiyana azamalonda azitha kuyenda nthawi yayitali popanda kuyimitsidwa kuti aziwonjezera mafuta kapena kubwezeretsanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zotsika mtengo zonyamula katundu.
• Mabizinesi akugula misewu yatsopano kapena yomwe ilipo kale kuti isinthe kukhala njira zolipiritsa zapamwamba zomwe zimalipira madalaivala chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito msewu waukulu womwe wapatsidwa komanso kulipiritsa ma EV awo podutsa, kupanga mabizinesi atsopano ndi njira zopezera ndalama.
• Malo opangira gasi kapena kuchajira kusinthidwa kotheratu, m'madera ena, ndi misewu yayikulu yolipiritsa yomwe yatchulidwa m'mbuyomu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa momwe zomangamanga zopangira mafuta zimapangidwira ndikugwiritsidwira ntchito.
• Maboma omwe akupanga ndalama zopanga ndi kukonza misewu yayikulu yochapira opanda zingwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu kuti ayambe kusintha.
• Kusintha kwa msika wa anthu ogwira ntchito kumafuna chifukwa kufunikira kwa operekera gasi ndi maudindo ena okhudzana nawo kungachepe, pomwe mwayi watsopano muukadaulo, zomangamanga, ndi kukonza zida zopangira ma waya opanda zingwe zitha kuwonekera.
• Zosintha pakukonza matauni ndi chitukuko monga mizinda ingafunikire kuzolowera malo atsopanowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwamayendedwe amsewu, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo, komanso kamangidwe ka anthu.
• Zovuta zomwe zingatheke pakuwonetsetsa kuti pali mwayi wofanana ndi teknoloji yatsopano yolipiritsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokambirana ndi ndondomeko zokhudzana ndi kukwanitsa, kupezeka, ndi kuphatikizidwa.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti misewu yolipiritsa opanda zingwe imatha kuthetsa kufunikira kwa malo opangira ma EV?
• Kodi zingakhale zovuta zotani poyambitsa maginito m'misewu yayikulu, makamaka pamene zitsulo zosakhudzana ndi galimoto zili pafupi ndi msewu waukulu?