Umgwaqo omkhulu wokushaja okungenantambo: Izimoto zikagesi zingase zingaphelelwa ukushaja ngokuzayo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 22, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Cabanga ngezwe lapho izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) zishaja khona njengoba zishayela emigwaqweni emikhulu eklanywe ngokukhethekile, umqondo oguqula indlela esicabanga ngayo ngezokuthutha. Lokhu kushintshela emigwaqweni ewuthelawayeka yokushaja okungenantambo kungaholela ekwenyukeni kokwethenjwa komphakathi kuma-EV, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, nokudalwa kwezinhlobo zebhizinisi ezintsha, njengemigwaqo ekhokhelwayo ekhokhisa kokubili ukusetshenziswa komgwaqo nokushaja imoto. Eceleni kwalezi ntuthuko ezithembisayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kuletha izinselele ekuhleleni, emithethweni yokuphepha, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okulinganayo.

Umongo womgwaqo omkhulu wokushaja okungenantambo

Imboni yezokuthutha ibilokhu iguquguquka njalo kusukela ekusungulweni kwemoto yokuqala. Njengoba ama-EV ethandwa kakhulu ngabathengi, kuye kwahlongozwa izisombululo ezimbalwa kwahlelwa ukuthi kwenziwe ubuchwepheshe bokushaja amabhethri nengqalasizinda kutholakale kabanzi. Ukudala umgwaqo omkhulu wokushaja okungenantambo kungenye yezindlela ama-EV angakhokhiswa ngayo njengoba eshayela, okungase kuholele ezinguqukweni ezibalulekile embonini yezimoto uma lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kabanzi. Lo mqondo wokushaja usohambeni ungase ungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kwabanikazi be-EV kodwa futhi usize ekwehliseni ukukhathazeka kobubanzi obuvame ukuza nobunikazi bemoto kagesi.

Umhlaba kungenzeka usondela ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo ekwazi ukushaja njalo ama-EV nezimoto eziyingxubevange. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yokugcina yowezi-2010, isidingo sama-EV sikhule kakhulu kuzo zombili izimakethe zomuntu siqu nezohwebo. Njengoba ama-EV engeziwe eqhutshwa emigwaqweni yomhlaba, isidingo sengqalasizinda yokushaja enokwethenjelwa futhi elula siyaqhubeka sikhula. Izinkampani ezikwazi ukudala izixazululo ezintsha kule ndawo zingase futhi zithole inzuzo enkulu yezohwebo ngaphezu kwezimbangi zazo, zikhuthaze ukuncintisana okunempilo futhi ezingase zehlise izindleko zabathengi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemigwaqo ewuthelawayeka yokushaja okungenantambo kunikeza ithuba elijabulisayo, kodwa futhi kuza nezinselelo okudingeka zixazululwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe nengqalasizinda ekhona kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela, ukusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Amazinga okuphepha nemithethonqubo kungase kudingeke ukuthi kusungulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buyasebenza futhi buvikelekile. Naphezu kwalezi zingqinamba, izinzuzo ezingaba khona zesistimu yokushaja eguquguqukayo nesebenziseka kalula yama-EVs zicacile, futhi ukuphishekela lobu buchwepheshe kungase kudlale indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lezokuthutha.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Njengengxenye yohlelo lokuhlinzeka ama-EV ngengqalasizinda eqhubekayo yokushaja e-United States, uMnyango Wezokuthutha wase-Indiana (INDOT), ngokubambisana neNyuvesi yasePurdue kanye nesiqalo saseJalimane, iMagment GmbH, yamemezela maphakathi no-2021 izinhlelo zokwakha imigwaqo emikhulu yokushaja okungenantambo. . Imigwaqo enguthelawayeka izosebenzisa ukhonkolo osebenza ngamandla uzibuthe ukushaja izimoto zikagesi ngaphandle kwentambo. 

I-INDOT ihlela ukwenza iphrojekthi ngezigaba ezintathu. Esigabeni sokuqala nesesibili, iphrojekthi izohlose ukuhlola, ukuhlaziya, kanye nokwenza kahle ukupeyindwa okukhethekile okubalulekile emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka ukwazi ukushaja izimoto ezishayela phezu kwawo. I-Purdue's Joint Transportation Research Programme (JTRP) izosingatha lezi zigaba ezimbili zokuqala ekhempasini yayo yaseWest Lafayette. Isigaba sesithathu sizobandakanya ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokuhlola eyikota yemayela ubude enamandla okushaja ama-kilowatts angama-200 nangaphezulu ukuze isekele ukusebenza kwamaloli amakhulu asebenza ngogesi.

Ukhonkolo okwazi ukudonsa uzibuthe uzokhiqizwa ngokuhlanganisa izinhlayiya zikazibuthe ezigaywe kabusha nosimende. Ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zikaMagment, ukusebenza kahle kokuhanjiswa okungenawaya kukakhonkolo ozibuthe cishe kumaphesenti angama-95, kuyilapho izindleko zokufakwa kokwakha le migwaqo ekhethekile zifana nokwakhiwa komgwaqo wendabuko. Ngaphezu kokusekela ukukhula kwemboni ye-EV, ama-EV amaningi athengwa ngabashayeli bangaphambili bezimoto ezivuthayo ngaphakathi kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. 

Ezinye izinhlobo zemigwaqo ewuthelawayeka yokushaja okungenantambo ziyahlolwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngo-2018, iSweden yathuthukisa ujantshi kagesi ongadlulisela amandla ngengalo enyakazayo uye ezimotweni ezinyakazayo. I-ElectReon, inkampani kagesi engenantambo yakwa-Israeli, ithuthukise uhlelo lokushaja olusetshenziswayo olusetshenziswe ukushaja iloli likagesi ngempumelelo. Lobu buchwepheshe bungase budlale indima ebalulekile ekugqugquzeleni abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi bamukele izimoto zikagesi ngokushesha, ezinebanga lokuhamba nempilo ende yebhethri emele izinselele zobuchwepheshe ezicindezela kakhulu embonini. Isibonelo, phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu eJalimane, iVolkswagen ihola i-consortium ukuze ihlanganise ubuchwepheshe bokushaja be-ElectReon ezimotweni zikagesi ezisanda kuklanywa. 

Imithelela yemigwaqo ewuthelawayeka yokushaja okungenantambo

Imithelela ebanzi yemigwaqo emikhulu eshaja okungenantambo ingase ihlanganise:

• Kwenyuka ukuzethemba komphakathi ekuthatheni ama-EV njengoba bengathuthukisa ukwethemba okukhulu kuma-EV abo ukuze bawathuthe amabanga amade, okuholela ekwamukelweni okusabalele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
• Ukwehliswa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza i-EV njengoba abakhiqizi bezimoto bekwazi ukukhiqiza izimoto ezinamabhethri amancane njengoba abashayeli bazokhokhiswa izimoto zabo ngokuqhubekayo phakathi nohambo lwabo lokuya emsebenzini, okwenza izimoto zikagesi zithengeke kakhulu futhi zifinyeleleke kuhlu olubanzi lwabathengi.
• Amaketanga okuhlinzeka athuthukisiwe njengamaloli ezimpahla nezinye izimoto ezehlukene zezentengiselwano zizothola ikhono lokuhamba isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuma ukuze kufakwe uphethiloli noma ukushajwa kabusha, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kakhulu kanye nezindleko ezingase zibe phansi zokuthutha izimpahla.
• Izinkampani zengqalasizinda ezithenga imigwaqo emisha noma ekhona kakade ukuze iguqulwe ibe imizila yokushaja yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezokhokhisa abashayeli bobabili ngokusebenzisa uthelawayeka othile kanye nokukhokhisa ama-EV abo ngenkathi beshayela, kwakhiwa amamodeli ebhizinisi amasha kanye nemithombo yemali engenayo.
• Iziteshi zikaphethiloli noma zokushaja zishintshwa ngokuphelele, kwezinye izifunda, ngothelawayeka okhokhiswayo ophawulwe endaweni edlule, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwendlela ingqalasizinda yokufaka uphethiloli eklanywa futhi esetshenziswa ngayo.
• Ohulumeni abatshala imali ekuthuthukiseni nasekunakekeleni imigwaqo ewuthelawayeka yokushaja okungenantambo, okuholela ezinguqukweni ezingaba khona kuzinqubomgomo zezokuthutha, izimiso, kanye nokubalulekile koxhaso lomphakathi.
• Ushintsho ezidingweni zemakethe yezabasebenzi njengoba isidingo sabasebenzi begalaji likaphethiloli esivamile kanye nezindima ezihlobene nazo singehla, kuyilapho amathuba amasha kubuchwepheshe, ukwakhiwa, nokugcinwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja okungenantambo ingase ivele.
• Izinguquko ekuhleleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamadolobha njengoba amadolobha angase adinge ukuzivumelanisa nengqalasizinda entsha, okuholela ekushintsheni okungaba khona emaphethini ethrafikhi, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, kanye nokwakhiwa komphakathi.
• Izinselele ezingaba khona ekuqinisekiseni ukufinyeleleka okulinganayo kubuchwepheshe obusha bokushaja, okuholela ezingxoxweni nezinqubomgomo ezimayelana nokufinyeleleka, ukufinyeleleka, nokubandakanywa.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi imigwaqo yokushaja okungenantambo ingaqeda isidingo seziteshi zokushaja ze-EV?
• Kungenzeka kube yini imithelela engemihle yokwethulwa kwezinto zikazibuthe emigwaqweni emikhulu, ikakhulukazi uma izinsimbi ezingahlobene nemoto ziseduze nothelawayeka?