Ukuqonda ngemva kokufa

Ingabe ubuchopho bomuntu bugcina uhlobo oluthile lokuqaphela ngemva kokufa komzimba nobuchopho buvalekile? Ucwaningo lwe-AWARE olwenziwa abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseSouthampton e-United Kingdom luthi yebo.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ubuchopho bukwazi ukugcina uhlobo oluthile lokuqaphela isikhathi esifushane ngemva kokuba umzimba nengqondo kutholakale ukuthi kufile ngokomtholampilo. Sam Parnia, udokotela waseStony Brook University Hospital nomholi wocwaningo lweHuman Conscious Project’s AWARE, uthe “Ubufakazi esinabo kuze kube manje ukuthi ukwazi komuntu akubhubhi [ngemuva kokufa]…. Iqhubeka amahora ambalwa ngemva kokufa, nakuba isesimweni sokulala esingakwazi ukusibona ngaphandle.”

UYAZI bafunde abantu abangama-2060 abavela ezibhedlela ezahlukahlukene ezingama-25 kulo lonke elase-United Kingdom, e-United States nase-Austria, ababeboshwe yinhliziyo ukuze bahlole umbono wabo. Iziguli zokuboshwa kwenhliziyo zazisetshenziswa njengendawo yokufunda njengokuboshwa kwenhliziyo, noma ukuma kwenhliziyo, kubhekwa “okufana nokufa.” Kulaba bantu abangama-2060, abangama-46% bezwa izinga elithile lokuqwashisa ngesikhathi ngemuva kokuthi kuthiwe bashonile ngokomtholampilo. Izingxoxo ezinemininingwane zenziwa neziguli ezingama-330 ezazinezinkumbulo zalesi senzakalo, u-9% wazo wachaza isimo esifana nesenzakalo esiseduze nokufa, futhi u-2% weziguli wakhumbula isipiliyoni esingaphandle komzimba.

Isipiliyoni sokufa esiseduze (NDE) singenzeka lapho umuntu esesimweni sezempilo esisongela ukuphila; bangase babone ukukhohlisa okucacile noma imibono engekho, kanye nemizwa enamandla. Le mibono ingaba ngezenzakalo ezedlule, noma umuzwa walokho okwenzekayo phakathi kwabantu babo ngaleso sikhathi. Ichazwa ngu-Olaf Blanke noSebastian Dieguezin Ukushiya Umzimba Nokuphila Ngemva: Ngaphandle Komzimba kanye Nokuhlangenwe nakho Kokufa Okuseduze njengokuthi “…noma isiphi isipiliyoni sokuqonda okwenzeka phakathi… umcimbi lapho umuntu angafa kalula noma abulawe […] kodwa noma kunjalo asinde….”

Okuhlangenwe nakho okungaphandle komzimba (OBE), kuchazwa u-Blanke no-Dieguez njengalapho umbono womuntu ungaphandle komzimba wabo wenyama. Kuvame ukubikwa ukuthi babona imizimba yabo isendaweni ephakeme ye-extracorporeal. Kukholakala ukuthi ukwazi ngemva kokufa kuwukunwetshwa kokuhlangenwe nakho okuseduze kokufa kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komzimba.

Kunokungabaza okuningi mayelana nendaba yokwazi ngemva kokufa. Kufanele kube nobufakazi obanele bokusekela ukukhunjulwa kwesiguli kwezenzakalo. Njenganoma yiluphi ucwaningo oluhle lwesayensi, uma unobufakazi obuningi obusekela ithiyori yakho, iba sobala kakhulu. Imiphumela yocwaningo lwe-AWARE ayigcinanga nje ngokubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abantu babe nezinga elithile lokuphaphama ngemva kokufa komzimba wabo. Kubuye kwabonisa ukuthi ubuchopho bungahlala buphila futhi busebenze ngezinga elithile isikhathi eside kunalokho okwakukholelwa ngaphambili.

Imibandela Yokuqaphela

Ngenxa yemvelo yobufakazi be-inNDE kanye nocwaningo lwe-OBE, kunzima ukukhomba isizathu esiqondile noma imbangela yalezi zigameko. Ukufa komtholampilo kuchazwa ngokuthi lapho inhliziyo kanye/noma amaphaphu yomuntu eyekile ukusebenza, inqubo okwake kwakholelwa ukuthi ayinakuhlehliswa. Kodwa ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, manje sesiyazi ukuthi lokhu akunjalo. Ukufa kuchazwa ngokuthi ukuphela kwempilo yento ephilayo noma isiphetho saphakade sezinqubo ezibalulekile zomzimba engqamuzaneni noma esicubuni sayo. Ukuze umuntu ashone ngokusemthethweni akumele kube khona okwenziwayo ebuchosheni. Ukunquma ukuthi umuntu usaphila yini noma cha ngemva kokufa kuncike encazelweni yakho yokufa.

Iningi labantu abashona emtholampilo lisasekelwe ekuntulekeni kokushaya kwenhliziyo noma amaphaphu angasebenzi, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwe-electroencephalogram (EEG), ekala ukusebenza kobuchopho, kuya ngokuya kusetshenziswa embonini yezempilo. Lokhu kwenziwa njengemfuneko engokomthetho kwamanye amazwe, nangenxa yokuthi kunikeza odokotela inkomba engcono yesimo sesiguli. Njengombono wokucwaninga wokwazi ngemva kokufa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-EEG kusebenza njengenkomba yalokho ubuchopho obubhekene nakho ngesikhathi sokuboshwa kwenhliziyo, ngoba kunzima ukusho ukuthi kwenzekani ebuchosheni ngaleso sikhathi. Siyazi ukuthi kune-spike emsebenzini wobuchopho ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi umzimba uthumela "isignali yokucindezeleka" ebuchosheni, noma ngenxa yezidakamizwa ezinikezwa iziguli ngesikhathi sokuvuselela.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ubuchopho busasebenza emazingeni aphansi i-EEG engakwazi ukuwabona. Ukungalungiswa kahle kwendawo kwe-EEG kusho ukuthi inekhono kuphela lokuthola ama-pulses e-electronic angaphandle ebuchosheni. Okunye, okungaphakathi kakhulu, amaza obuchopho angaba nzima noma angenzeki kubuchwepheshe bamanje be-EEG ukubonwa.

Ukwengezwa Kwengqondo

Kunamathuba ahlukene okwenza abantu bacishe bafe noma baphume emzimbeni, futhi uma ubuchopho bomuntu busengakwazi ukuhlala luhlobo oluthile lokuqaphela ngemva kokufa. Ucwaningo lwe-AWARE luthole ukuthi ukwazi kuhlala “kusesimweni sokulala” ngemva kokufa kobuchopho. Ukuthi ubuchopho bukwenza kanjani lokhu ngaphandle kwemizwelo noma ikhono lokugcina izinkumbulo akwaziwa, futhi ososayensi abakwazi ukuthola incazelo ngakho. Kodwa-ke abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kungase kube nencazelo akubona bonke abantu abacishe bafa noma abahlangabezana nezidingo zomzimba.

Sam Parnia uyacabanga, “Inani eliphakeme labantu lingase libe nezenzakalo ezicacile zokufa, kodwa ungazikhumbuli ngenxa yemiphumela yokulimala kobuchopho noma izidakamizwa ezilalisa ingqondo kumasekhethi enkumbulo.” Ngenxa yalokho kungenxa yesizathu esifanayo abanye bakholelwa ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kuyinkumbulo ubuchopho obuzifaka kuyo. Lokhu kungase kube isikhuthazo ebuchosheni noma indlela yokubhekana nesimo lapho ubuchopho buhamba busebenzisa khona ukubhekana nokucindezeleka okucishe kufane nokufa.

Iziguli eziboshwe yinhliziyo zinikezwa izidakamizwa eziningi lapho zinikezwa esibhedlela. Izidakamizwa ezenza ama-assedative noma izikhuthazi, ezingathinta ubuchopho. Lokhu kuhlanganiswe namazinga aphezulu e-adrenaline, ukuntuleka komoyampilo otholwa ubuchopho, kanye nokucindezeleka okuvamile kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lokhu kungathinta lokho umuntu abhekana nakho nalokho angakukhumbula ngesikhathi sokuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi le mithi igcina ubuchopho buphila esimweni esiphansi okungaba nzima ukusibona.

Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwedatha yemizwa ngesikhathi sokufa, kunzima ukusho ukuthi ubuchopho bebufile ngempela yini. Uma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi akuzange kutholwe ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwezinzwa, okuyinto eqondakalayo enzima futhi engeyona into ebaluleke kakhulu, awukwazi ukusho ngokuqondile ukuthi ubuchopho bufile. UGaultiero Piccinini no-Sonya Bahar, ovela eMnyangweni We-Physics ne-Astronomy kanye neSikhungo Se-Neurodynamics eNyuvesi yaseMissouri uthe “Uma ukusebenza kwengqondo kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezakhi ze-neural, ukusebenza kwengqondo ngeke kusinde ekufeni kobuchopho.”