Igciwane elisha lingaqeda umalaleveva, i-HIV, umkhuhlane

Uma uke wabona Star Trek noma uma ungumlandeli wezinganekwane zesayensi, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-retrovirus. Ama-retroviruses ayisigaba sezimoto ze-viral vector eziletha izinto zofuzo kuseli lomsingathi ukuze zinikeze imiyalelo, ngokuvamile yokwenziwa kwamasosha omzimba ahloselwe ukulwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngokungafani nokugoma, okwethula izinto zangaphandle njengama-antigen ukuze kungabikho emthethweni ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba aqala ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba, ama-viral vectors ahlinzeka ngamaseli imiyalelo yofuzo iseli eliyisebenzisayo ukwenza i-antibody efanele.

Nakuba ama-retroviruses eyizithandwa zababhali bezinganekwane zesayensi futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu njengemishini yokuhlela, akusiwo kuphela isigaba se-viral vector. Udadewabo ozwakala kancane, i-adeno-associated virus (AAV), usanda kuba sematheni njengendlela yokwelapha izifo ezifana ne-HIV, umkhuhlane kanye nomalaleveva.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva olushicilelwe yi-Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America (PNAS), luthole imiphumela ekhuthazayo ekuhlolweni kwaselabhorethri kusetshenziswa amagundane ane-AAV kulokho okwaziwa nge-vectored immunoprophylaxis (VIP) yokwelapha umalaleveva. Ngokwalolu cwaningo, “ezindaweni lapho ukudluliswa kukamalaleveva kuzinzile, i-VIP ingase isetshenziselwe ukunciphisa ukungenwa umalaleveva kuye ezingeni lapho lesi sifo singaqedwa khona endaweni.”

Umsuka walo mbulali wegciwane le-Third World

Umqondo we-VIP ukukhomba amasosha omzimba anciphisa kakhulu izifo ezihlosiwe. Ngamanye amazwi, amasosha omzimba akhiqizwayo ayasebenza ekulweni nohlu lwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo ezifanayo noma eziningi. Izakhi zofuzo ezifaka ikhodi yalawa masosha omzimba abe esehlanganiswa ne-AAV futhi ajovwe kumaseli ezicubu zemisipha. I-AAV iba yimboni ngaphakathi kweseli, isebenzisa ukusebenza kwamaselula ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba.

I-AAV iyivektha yegciwane efanele ikakhulukazi ngoba ayinangozi uma iqhathaniswa futhi iqhubeka kumaseli okuqondiwe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ifaneleka kahle noma ngabe ikuphi, ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwe-AAV akunazo izinselele.

Ngokungafani namagundane nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, i-AAV idala ukusabela kwayo kwamasosha omzimba kubantu okunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwe-VIP. I-AAV-specific CD8 T-cell response in human iqondise igciwane ukuze liqedwe, empeleni licekele phansi imboni yamasosha omzimba. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abacwaningi bebesebenzela ukulwa nalokhu ngokusebenzisa ingxube yezinhlobo ezimbili zaleli gciwane, i-AAV2 ne-AAV8, ukuthwala umthwalo wofuzo. Nakuba ikhambi lingaphelele, libonise imiphumela ethembisayo ekugwemeni impendulo ye-CD8 T-cell. 

Ukwelashwa kwe-VIP nakho kubonise imiphumela emihle ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni i-HIV kanye nomkhuhlane ezivivinyweni zangaphambili ukuze kuhambisane nempumelelo yakho yakamuva ekulweni ne-Plasmodium falciparum (igciwane likamalaleveva). Umthelela wokwelashwa kwe-VIP awukwazi ukweqiwa. Umalaleveva uwodwa “ubangela ukufa kwezingane eziphakathi kuka-500,000 800,000 nezingu-XNUMX XNUMX ngonyaka futhi ngaleyo ndlela ube usongo olukhulu lwezifo ezithathelwanayo empilweni yomphakathi,” ngokwe-PNAS. Uma isebenza, ingasetshenziswa ukuqeda ngempumelelo ezinye zezinsongo zebhayoloji ezicindezela kakhulu kubantu. Nakuba izivivinyo zabantu ziseyizindlela zokuphuma, kanye nesicelo sokuthengisa nakakhulu, imiphumela iyakhuthaza kakhulu.