Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle emadolobheni: Ukulungiselela ikusasa eligcwele amanzi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• November 8, 2021

Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle, umphumela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, sekunomthelela emadolobheni asogwini emhlabeni jikelele futhi kungaholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kwezibalo zabantu esikhathini esizayo. Amazwe asabela ngamasu ahlukahlukene, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kwengqalasizinda yase-Netherlands kuya ohlelweni olusha lwase-China "lwedolobha lesiponji", kanti amanye afana neKiribati abheka ukuthutha njengendlela yokugcina. Lezi zinguquko zizoba nomthelela omkhulu, ezithinta yonke into kusukela kungqalasizinda nezimboni kuya emifelandawonye yezepolitiki kanye nempilo yengqondo.

Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle kumongo wamadolobha

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, ososayensi baye babona ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwamazinga olwandle, okulinganiselwa ukuthi ukwanda okuphelele kuka-7.6 cm. Lesi sibalo silingana nokwenyuka kwaminyaka yonke okucishe kube ngu-0.3 cm, okuyisibalo esibonakala sisincane, kodwa sinemithelela ebalulekile ngekusasa leplanethi yethu. Ososayensi bathi uma izinga lokushisa emhlabeni wonke likhuphuka ngo-1.5 degrees Celsius, isimo esiya ngokuya siya ngokuya sibonakala ngenxa yezitayela zamanje, singabona amazinga olwandle enyuka phakathi kwama-52 kuya ku-97.5 cm ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka. 

Imithelela yalokhu kukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle isiyabonakala, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni asogwini emhlabeni jikelele. Esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10, inhloko-dolobha yase-Indonesia, i-Jakarta, isicwile ngamamitha angu-2.5 ngenxa yenhlanganisela yokuphakama kwezinga lolwandle kanye nokuwohloka komhlaba, okuholela ezikhukhuleni ezimbi ngesikhathi sezishingishane. Lesi akusona isigameko esisodwa; izimo ezifanayo ziyenzeka kwamanye amadolobha asogwini, zigqamisa imiphumela esheshayo nebonakalayo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Uma ubheka phambili, isimo siba sibucayi kakhulu ezizweni zase-Oceania. Lezi zizwe eziqhingini zisengozini enkulu emiphumeleni yokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle, kanti abanye bayavuma ukuthi ukusinda kwazo akunakwenzeka uma izimo zamanje ziqhubeka. Ababaleki bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu cishe bazohlanganiswa kakhulu yilamazwe aseziqhingini, okuholela ekuntengantengeni kwezombusazwe nezomnotho.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Izinyathelo ezisheshayo zithathwa amadolobha angasogwini emhlabeni wonke ukunciphisa lezi zimo eziya ziba zimbi. I-Netherlands, izwe elinengxenye enkulu yomhlaba walo ongaphansi kwezinga lolwandle, isebenzise indlela ebanzi kulolu daba. Baye baqinisa amadamu nezindonga zasolwandle, benza amachibi okulawula amanzi engeziwe, futhi batshala imali ekuthuthukiseni imiphakathi yabo ukumelana nesimo sezulu. Le ndlela enezici eziningi isebenza njengesibonelo kwezinye izizwe, ekhombisa ukuthi ingqalasizinda nokuzilungiselela komphakathi kungasebenzisana kanjani.

Khonamanjalo, i-China ithathe indlela eyingqayizivele kulolu daba ngohlelo lwayo "lwedolobha eliyisipontshi". Lolu hlelo lugunyaza ukuthi amaphesenti angu-80 ezindawo zasemadolobheni kufanele akwazi ukumunca futhi agaywe kabusha amaphesenti angu-70 amanzi ezikhukhula. Uhulumeni uhlela ukusebenzisa le ndlela emadolobheni angama-600 ekuqaleni kwawo-2030. Lelisu aligcini nje ngokubhekana nosongo olusheshayo lwezikhukhula kodwa futhi likhuthaza ukuphathwa kwamanzi okusimeme, okungaba nezinzuzo ezifinyelela kude ekuhleleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamadolobha.

Nokho, kwezinye izizwe, amasu okunciphisa angase anganeli. I-Kiribati, izwe eliyisiqhingi eliphansi e-Pacific, icubungula isu lokugcina lokuthuthela kwenye indawo. Uhulumeni njengamanje usezingxoxweni zokuthenga isiqeshana somhlaba eFiji njengohlelo oluyisipele. Le ntuthuko igqamisa amandla okufuduka okubangelwa isimo sezulu ukuze kulungiswe kabusha isimo sezwe futhi kudinga izinqubomgomo nezivumelwano ezintsha zamazwe ngamazwe.

Imithelela yokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle amadolobha

Imithelela ebanzi yokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle ingase ihlanganise:

• Ingqalasizinda yomkhakha obalulekile, njengamandla namanzi, ukutshala imali kubuchwepheshe obungagcina izinhlelo zabo zikwazi ukumelana nezikhukhula neziphepho.
• Izinhlelo zezokuthutha zomphakathi, njengemigwaqo, imigudu namathrekhi esitimela, adinga ukuklanywa kabusha noma ukukhushulwa.
• Abantu abasuka ezindaweni ezisogwini eziphansi beya ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe okubangela ukuminyana nokudonsa kanzima kwezinsiza kulezi zindawo.
• Imikhakha yezokudoba kanye nezokuvakasha ibhekene nokwehla noma uguquko olungase lube khona.
• Imifelandawonye emisha yezepolitiki kanye nezingxabano njengoba izizwe zixoxisana ngezinsiza ezabiwe, izinqubomgomo zokufuduka, nezinhlelo zokwenza isimo sezulu.
• Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zokubhekana nezinhlekelele kanye nokulungiswa kwengqalasizinda, ukwehla okungaba khona kwamanani ezakhiwo ezindaweni ezisogwini, nokushintshwa komshuwalense kanye nezinqubo zokutshala izimali.
• Ukulahlekelwa kwemvelo yasogwini, ukwanda kokuguguleka kogu, kanye noshintsho kumazinga kasawoti olwandle, okunemiphumela engaba khona ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezokudoba.
• Ukwenyuka kwengcindezi kanye nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezihlobene nokufuduka nokulahlekelwa amakhaya, amagugu amasiko, kanye nezindlela zokuziphilisa, okuholela esidingweni esikhulu sezinsizakalo zomphakathi nezinhlelo zokusekela.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uma uhlala edolobheni elingasogwini, ungavuma yini ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe phakathi nezwe? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo?
• Idolobha lakho lizilungiselela kanjani izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu?