Za mu iya haifar da duniya da babu cuta?

Shin zai yiwu a sami duniyar da ba ta da cuta? Cuta kalma ce mafi (idan ba duka ba) mutane suna jin rashin jin daɗi lokacin da su ko wanda suka sani yana da guda. Anyi sa'a, Max Welling, farfesa na koyon injin a Jami'ar Amsterdam kuma memba na Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba na Kanada, da ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwansa sun kirkiro tsarin nazarin bayanai don gano cututtuka ga marasa lafiya. Gaskiya mai daɗi: Yana jagorantar AMLAB (Amsterdam Machine Learning LAB) kuma yana jagorantar QUVA Lab (Qualcomm-UvA Lab). Anan za mu ga yadda wannan mutumin mai ban mamaki da ƙungiyarsa ta ƴan kasuwa (Cynthia Dwork, Geoffrey Hinton da Judea Pearl) suka yi wasu ci gaba mai ban mamaki don kawar da duniya daga cututtuka.

Damuwar Max Welling

Wasu daga cikin hujjojin da Welling ya nuna a yayin jawabinsa na TEDx ya kawo hankali ga gaskiyar cewa akwai lokutan da likita zai iya rasa wani abu a lokacin ganewar asali na majiyyaci. Misali, ya ce “rabin hanyoyin kiwon lafiya ba su da wata shaidar kimiyya.” Wannan ganewar asali ana yin ta ne ta hanyar aikin nasu da ilimin da aka samu a makaranta, yayin da Max yana cewa yakamata a sami wani nau'i na tsinkayen nazari game da wasu cututtukan da za a iya samu. Ya ci gaba da bayanin cewa wasu majinyatan za a iya yin kuskure su koma asibiti, inda ya bayyana cewa sau 8 sun fi mutuwa. Abu mafi ban sha'awa shi ne wannan batu da ya wanzu. Dalilin yana da sauƙi kamar yadda za a yi kurakurai wanda abin takaici zai iya kashe wani ko mutane da yawa rayukansu. Ba wai kawai ba, kamar yadda Welling ya ce, akwai hanyoyin kiwon lafiya miliyan 230 a kowace shekara da ake kashe rabin dala tiriliyan. Kamar kowace masana'anta da ke ƙoƙarin samar da sabis don taimakawa wasu, yana kashe kuɗi; haka kuma, hakan na nufin asibitoci da masu kula da bayar da tallafin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na bukatar sauraron masu kirkiro da ke kokarin ciyar da masana'antu gaba. Duk da haka, kasancewa mai fa'ida koyaushe yana da fa'ida.

Kiyaye Sirri

Welling ya bayyana cewa shi da tawagarsa sun yi nasara sau 3. Daya daga ciki ita ce kwamfutar da ke iya kiyaye sirri a cikin asibiti; haka kuma, kwamfutoci kuma za su iya yin nazarin ɗimbin bayanai don ƙara haɓaka ganewar asali ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su da lafiya sosai. Sunan wannan software Mai Koyan Inji. Ainihin, kwamfutar ta aika da tambaya zuwa bayanan asibiti, wanda ya amsa tambayar sannan mai koyon injin zai canza amsar ta hanyar "ƙara ƙara a ciki." Don ƙarin bayani don Allah danna nan (Max Welling yayi bayaninsa sosai tsakanin mintuna 5:20 – 6:06). A wasu kalmomi, kamar yadda Max ya bayyana, kwamfutar tana son "mafi kyau kanta" ta hanyar ganewar asali da kuma "gina mafi kyawun samfurin bayanai". Duk wannan godiya ce Cynthia Dwork, wanda fitaccen masanin kimiyya ne daga Microsoft Research. Ta mai da hankali kan kiyaye keɓantawa bisa tushen lissafi. Don ƙarin bayani game da ita da abin da ta yi. danna nan. A takaice dai, wannan ci gaba na farko ba wai kawai ya nuna cewa Max yana so ya mutunta bayanan sirri na marasa lafiya ba amma yana so ya samar da asibitoci tare da tushe mai tushe don ganewar asali.

Jin Ilimi

Nasarar ta biyu ta fito fili ta Geoffrey Hinton ne adam wata. Yann Lecun, Yoshua Bengio dan Geoffrey sun yi bayanin cewa: "Ƙari mai zurfi yana gano ƙayyadaddun tsari a cikin manyan bayanan bayanai ta hanyar amfani da algorithm na baya-bayan nan don nuna yadda na'ura ya kamata ya canza sigogi na ciki wanda ake amfani da shi don ƙididdige wakilci a kowane Layer daga wakilcin da ke cikin Layer baya." A cikin ma'anar ma'aikata, yana taimaka wa na'ura ta fahimci kanta da kyau ta hanyar hadaddun yadudduka ta hanyar mafi zurfin sigogi (don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai da fatan za a karanta sauran bitar da maza uku suka rubuta).

Causality vs Daidaitawa

Nasarar ta uku kuma ta ƙarshe ita ce ƙarin ra'ayin haɗin gwiwa don ƙara bambance dalili da alaƙa. Max yana jin cewa kayan aikin Judea Pearl na iya taimakawa bambance waɗannan ra'ayoyi guda biyu da shirya. Mahimmancin aikin Yahudiya shine don taimakawa wajen ba da ƙarin tsari ga bayanai waɗanda za a iya yi idan an canza fayilolin marasa lafiya ta hanyar lambobi zuwa bayanan bayanai. Ayyukan lu'u-lu'u yana da rikitarwa sosai don haka idan kuna son ƙarin fahimtar menene "kayan aikin" nasa danna nan.

Fatan Max

Welling ya taƙaita a ƙarshen nasa TEDX Magana cewa yana son kiyaye sirri ta wurin mai koyon injin. Na biyu, haɗa kananan bayanai da masana kimiyya don ƙara haɓaka bincike don ceton kuɗi da rayuka. A ƙarshe, yana son kawo sauyi a fannin kiwon lafiya ta hanyar ingantacciyar hidima ga asibitoci, likitoci da marasa lafiya ta hanyar fasahar da za ta iya taimakawa rage ziyarar asibiti da kuma amfani da kuɗi yadda ya kamata. Wannan kyakkyawan hangen nesa ne game da kiwon lafiya saboda ba wai kawai yana son mutunta masana'antar likitanci ba, yana kuma son taimakawa ceton rayuka yayin da yake tunanin kasafin kudin asibitoci da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.