Mapeto atha kukhala pafupi ndi Great Barrier Reef

Kapangidwe kamoyo kamakono ka Great Barrier Reef wakumana ndi ma bleaching anayi m'zaka 19. Kukhetsa magazi kumachitika pamene kutentha kwa madzi kumawonjezeka ndipo coral imatulutsa ndere zomwe zimakhala mkati mwake, ndikutulutsa mtundu wake. Ndilo dongosolo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi la miyala yamchere yamchere ndipo ladutsa zaka 8,000, komabe nthawi yake ikuwoneka kuti ikutha. Imatchedwa Chuma Chadziko Lonse cha ku Australia komanso chokumana nacho kamodzi m'moyo wonse kwa alendo, ndipo tsopano, mwina pazifukwa zina. 

A phunziro, yochitidwa ndi ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, inatulutsidwa mu March kufotokoza momwe kuwonongeka kwa Great Barrier Reef panthawi ya bleachings mobwerezabwereza mu 1998, 2002, ndi 2016. Deta yaposachedwa kwambiri kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa 2017 imasonyeza kuti miyala yamchereyo inawonongeka. akali mkati mwa chochitika chinanso chakuda.  

Mkhalidwe wa m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo sungakhale wotheratu malinga ndi Mtsogoleri wa ARC Center, koma ma coral amakula pang'ono ngati mainchesi 0.1 pachaka ndipo ngakhale ma coral omwe amakula mwachangu amatha kutenga zaka khumi kuti akhalenso ndi thanzi labwino. Ma bleaching awiri omaliza anachitika miyezi 12 yokha yosiyana, osapereka mwayi wochira ma coral omwe adawonongeka mu 2016.  

Ma Corals amakwaniritsa mtundu wawo wowala kudzera mwa algae, omwe amakhala nawo paubwenzi wa symbiotic. Coral imapereka pogona algae ndi mankhwala a photosynthesis. Kumbali ina, algae imathandiza kuti ma coral achotse zinyalala, komanso imapatsa coral mpweya ndi chakudya chomwe chimatulutsa kuchokera ku photosynthesis. Algae amasiya matanthwe kuti azidzisamalira okha akapanikizika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga madzi otentha, kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi kusintha kwa mchere. Korali imasanduka yoyera kapena "bleached." Algae amatha kubwerera madzi akazizira, koma ngati sizichitika, coral imafa. 

Kafukufukuyu, yemwe adasonkhanitsa zidziwitso kudzera mu kafukufuku wam'mlengalenga ndi wamadzi, ali ndi ziwerengero zowopsa zokhudzana ndi kufa kwa ma coral awa. Mu 1998 ndi 2002, pafupifupi 2016 peresenti ya matanthwe omwe anafunsidwa anali ndi bleaching kwambiri. Mu 90, 50 peresenti idakhudzidwa ndi kuthirira madzi ndipo XNUMX peresenti ya matanthwe adachita bleach kwambiri.  

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsanso kuti matanthwe sasintha kumadzi ofunda. Matanthwe adachita bleach asanachedwebe moyipa nthawi ina.  

Chidziwitso chapadziko lonse cha matanthwe ndi choyipa, pomwe akatswiri akuwona kuti matanthwe monga momwe timawadziwira sibwereranso kumalo awo omwe anali asanakhale ndi bleaching ndi bleaching kukhala chodabwitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Mpaka 70 peresenti ya matanthwe a coral padziko lapansi akhoza kutayika pofika 2050.  

Akatswiri apeza kuti bleaching imachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Kuchuluka kwa bleaching kunapezeka koyamba kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi Kutentha kowonekera kwa nyengo ya Dziko Lapansi chifukwa cha mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. M'mbuyomu, kutulutsa magazi kudali chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe chimakonda kuchitika pamafunde otsika kwambiri.