Mbiri ndi tsogolo la madola 5 biliyoni pakusindikiza kwa 3D

Pachiyambi panali kuwala kwa ultraviolet kuwala, kokhazikika mu dziwe la pulasitiki lamadzimadzi. Kuchokera pamenepo panatuluka chinthu choyamba chosindikizidwa cha 3D. Icho chinali chipatso cha charles mutu, woyambitsa stereolithography ndi woyambitsa mtsogolo wa 3D Systems, pakali pano imodzi mwamakampani akuluakulu pamakampani. Anapeza chiphaso chaukadaulo mu 1986 ndipo kenako chaka chomwecho adapanga chosindikizira choyambirira cha 3D - Stereolithography Apparatus. Ndipo izo zinali kupitirira.

Kuchokera pa chiyambi chonyozekacho, makina akulu, ochulukira komanso oyenda pang'onopang'ono akale adasintha kukhala osindikiza a 3D omwe timawadziwa lero. Osindikiza ambiri pakali pano amagwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki ya ABS "kusindikiza," zinthu zomwezo zomwe Lego amapangidwa kuchokera; zosankha zina ndi Polylactic Acid (PLA), mapepala okhazikika aofesi, ndi mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi kompositi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zili ndi pulasitiki ya ABS ndikusowa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. ABS imabwera mumitundu yofiira, yabuluu, yobiriwira, yachikasu kapena yakuda, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wamtundu womwe wasindikizidwa. Kumbali inayi, pali osindikiza amalonda omwe amatha kudzitamandira mitundu pafupifupi 400,000, monga 3D Systems ZPrinter 850. Makina osindikizirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma prototypes, koma msika ukusunthira kuzinthu zina.

Posachedwapa, asayansi atenga makina osindikizira a 3D ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito posindikiza zamoyo, njira yomwe imagwetsa maselo amodzi m'malo momwe chosindikizira cha inkjet chimagwetsera inki yamitundu. Atha kupanga timinofu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka kuti tipeze mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuyezetsa poizoni, koma m'tsogolomu akuyembekeza kusindikiza ziwalo zopangidwa mwachizolowezi kuti zitheke.

Pali osindikiza a mafakitale omwe amagwira ntchito muzitsulo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe pamapeto pake zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzamlengalenga. Kupita patsogolo kwapangidwa posindikiza zinthu zamitundumitundu, monga kiyibodi yomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri pakompyuta yopangidwa ndi Stratasys, kampani ina ya 3D Printing. Kuphatikiza apo, ochita kafukufuku akhala akugwira ntchito yosindikiza zakudya komanso kusindikiza zovala. Mu 2011, bikini yoyamba padziko lonse ya 3D yosindikizidwa ndi 3D Printer yogwira ntchito ndi chokoleti inatulutsidwa.

"Inemwini, ndikukhulupirira kuti ndichinthu chachikulu chotsatira," Abe Reichental, CEO wa kampani ya Hull, adauza Consumer Affairs. "Ndikuganiza kuti zitha kukhala zazikulu monga momwe injini ya nthunzi inaliri m'masiku ake, yayikulu monga momwe kompyuta inaliri masiku ake, yayikulu monga intaneti inaliri m'masiku ake, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti iyi ndiye ukadaulo wosokoneza womwe udzachitike. kusintha chirichonse. Zisintha momwe timaphunzirira, zisintha momwe timapangira, komanso momwe timapangira. ”

Kusindikiza mu 3D sikutsika. Malinga ndi mawu ofotokozera a Wohlers Report, kafukufuku wapachaka wozama wa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wopangira zowonjezera ndi ntchito, pali kuthekera kuti kusindikiza kwa 3D kutha kukula kukhala bizinesi ya $ 5.2 biliyoni pofika 2020. Mu 2010, inali yamtengo wapatali pafupifupi $1.3 biliyoni. Pamene osindikizawa amakhala osavuta kupeza, mitengo nayonso ikutsika. Pomwe chosindikizira cha 3D chamalonda chinawononga ndalama zoposera $100,000, chikhoza kupezeka pa $15,000. Makina osindikizira a Hobby apezekanso, omwe amawononga pafupifupi $ 1,000, ndipo imodzi mwazotsika mtengo kwambiri imatenga $200 yokha.