Zopangidwa mothandizidwa ndi AI: Kodi njira zanzeru zopangira zimayenera kupatsidwa ufulu wazinthu zanzeru?

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• August 9, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Artificial Intelligence (AI) ikusintha momwe timapangira ndikudzipangira zatsopano, zomwe zikuyambitsa mikangano ngati AI iyenera kukhala ndi ufulu wazinthu zanzeru. Zokambiranazi zimadzutsa mafunso okhudza ntchito ya AI monga woyambitsa komanso kufunikira kofotokozeranso kachitidwe kakale ka patent potengera kukula kwa AI. Kusintha kumeneku pakupanga ndi umwini kumakhudza chirichonse, kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chamakampani kupita ku ndondomeko ya boma, ndikukonzanso tsogolo la ntchito ndi luso.

Nkhani yothandizidwa ndi AI

Pamene machitidwe a Artificial Intelligence (AI) akupitilira kukula, zopanga zambiri zikupangidwa ndikukhudzidwa kwawo. Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale mkangano wokhudza ngati zolengedwa zothandizidwa ndi AI ziyenera kupatsidwa ufulu waluntha (IP) kapena ayi.

Pali zodetsa nkhawa kuti pansi pa dongosolo la patent lomwe lilipo, anthu ena akhoza kudziwonetsa okha ngati oyambitsa matekinoloje opangidwa ndi machitidwe a AI ndikuti kupereka ufulu wotero kungakhale kosokeretsa. Malingaliro apangidwa okhudza momwe dongosolo la patent liyenera kusinthidwa potengera zomwe zikuchitika mwachangu mu AI ndi kuphunzira kwamakina (ML), koma zambiri sizikudziwika. Choyamba, pali kutsutsana kosalekeza pazomwe zimapangidwira 'AI-zopangidwa' komanso momwe kudziyimira pawokha kwamakompyuta kumasiyana ndi luso lothandizidwa ndi AI. Akatswiri ena aukadaulo akukhulupirira kuti kwatsala pang'ono kupatsa AI ufulu wodziwikiratu wa wopanga popeza ma aligorivimu amadalirabe anthu. 

Zitsanzo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mothandizidwa ndi AI ndi monga mswachi wa Oral-B ndi zinthu zina za 'Creativity Machine' zopangidwa ndi wasayansi wapakompyuta Stephen Thaler, mlongoti wa National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), zomwe zachitika pa genetic programming, ndi ntchito za AI mu kupeza mankhwala ndi chitukuko. Mwina chitsanzo chaposachedwa kwambiri cha mkangano wapatent wopangidwa ndi AI ndi Thaler's Device for Autonomous Bootstrapping of Unified Sentience (DABUS) AI wopanga makina, omwe adachita apilo ku Khothi Loona za Apilo ku US mu June 2022. Ananena kuti ukadaulo uyenera kuyamikiridwa chifukwa chopanga. chotengera chakumwa chogwiritsa ntchito fractal geometry. Komabe, gulu la oweruza atatu linali losafuna kulingalira dongosolo la AI ngati woyambitsa.

Zosokoneza

Boma la UK lidatulutsa mu 2021 zokambirana zake zachiwiri zokhudzana ndi malamulo a kukopera pakupanga kwa AI. Dziko la UK lili kale ndi malamulo opereka chitetezo kwa zaka 50 kwa anthu omwe amagwirizana ndi makompyuta pakupanga. Komabe, otsutsa ena akuwona kuti kupatsa machitidwe a AI chitetezo chofanana ndi cha anthu ndizovuta kwambiri. Kukula uku kukuwonetsa kukayikira komanso kusowa kwa chitsogozo chomveka bwino mu niche iyi ya malamulo a IP. Lingaliro limodzi likuwonetsa kuti machitidwe a AI amatha kupanga ntchito zatsopano ndi zopanga paokha, ndipo zitha kukhala zovuta kudziwa munthu amene amayenera kupatsidwa ulemu pazolengedwa izi. Komabe, ena amatsutsa kuti machitidwe a AI amangogwira ntchito ngati zida kapena makina omwe amadalira anthu kuti alowetse deta ndi mapangidwe apangidwe, komanso kuti sayenera kupatsidwa ufulu wa IP.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupereka ma copyright kwa AI kumatsutsana ndi imodzi mwamalamulo a IP aku Europe: wolemba kapena wopanga ntchito yotetezedwa ayenera kukhala munthu. Izi zitha kuwoneka m'malamulo onse aku Europe a kukopera, patent, ndi chizindikiro cha malonda, kuyambira pakufunika kwa "luso ndi ntchito" kapena "kulenga mwaluntha" m'malo mwa kukopera mpaka kutanthauzira kwa "woyambitsa" pansi pa European Patent Convention. Zonse zimachokera ku chifukwa chomwe malamulo a IP adapangidwira poyamba: kuteteza luso laumunthu. Lamuloli likadasinthidwa, likadakhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pamalamulo onse a IP ku Europe konse. 

Mtsutso uwu ukhalabe wolimba m'madzi akuda. Mbali imodzi imanena kuti ntchito za AI siziyenera kutetezedwa ku IP chifukwa sanalandire gawo lochepa la anthu. Kapenanso, kukana chitetezo cha IP ku ntchito zopangidwa ndi AI kumatha kulepheretsa anthu kupanga zatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito zida za AI. Pankhani ya sayansi, kuchotseratu zinthu zopangidwa ndi AI ku chitetezo cha patent kungathe kusokoneza zolinga za patent system.

Zotsatira za kupangidwa kothandizidwa ndi AI

Zotsatira zochulukira zomwe zidapangidwa ndi AI zitha kuphatikiza: 

• Zopangidwa zoyendetsedwa ndi AI zikuyambitsa zokambirana zapadziko lonse lapansi pakufotokozera zopereka za AI, zomwe zikupangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kogawika kwa ufulu wazinthu zamaluso kwa omwe amapanga AI.
• Mchitidwe wotengera zopanga zopangidwa ndi AI ku magulu kapena makampani ena ukukulirakulira, kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe chatsopano chamakampani kuzungulira mgwirizano wa AI ndi umwini.
• Gulu lomwe likukulirakulira lololeza AI kuti ipange zatsopano popanda kutsata malamulo omwe alipo kale, zomwe zitha kumasuliranso malire aukadaulo.
• Ntchito zogwirira ntchito limodzi pakati pa asayansi ndi makina a AI zikhala zofala kwambiri, kuphatikiza luntha la anthu ndi mphamvu zowerengera za AI kuti apititse patsogolo kutulukira zinthu.
• Mapulogalamu ophunzitsira asayansi ndi akatswiri muukadaulo wothandizidwa ndi AI ukukulirakulira, kutanthauza kufulumizitsa chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito AI popanga mfundo za boma kuchulukira, kupangitsa kuti pakhale njira zopangira zisankho zoyendetsedwa ndi data zambiri.
• Maonekedwe a ntchito akusinthidwa pamene makina opangidwa ndi AI akuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zimafuna anthu ogwira ntchito aluso mu mgwirizano wa AI ndi kuzolowera.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti AI iyenera kupatsidwa ufulu wopanga?
• Kodi AI ingasinthire bwanji kafukufuku ndi chitukuko mukampani kapena mafakitale anu?