Ukusungulwa okusizwa yi-AI: Ingabe izinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa kufanele zinikezwe amalungelo empahla yobuhlakani?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• August 9, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) ishintsha indlela esidala futhi sifune ngayo izinto ezintsha ezisunguliwe, okuqubula izimpikiswano ngokuthi i-AI kufanele ibe namalungelo empahla yengqondo yini. Lezi zingxoxo ziphakamisa imibuzo mayelana neqhaza le-AI njengomqambi kanye nesidingo sokuchaza kabusha amasistimu obunikazi obunjwayelo maqondana namakhono akhulayo e-AI. Lokhu kushintshwa kokusungulwa kanye nobunikazi kuthonya yonke into, kusukela kumasiko ezinkampani kuya kunqubomgomo kahulumeni, futhi kubumba kabusha ikusasa lomsebenzi nokudala.

Umongo wokusungulwa osizwa yi-AI

Njengoba izinhlelo ze-Artificial Intelligence (AI) ziqhubeka nokuvuthwa, kusungulwa izinto eziningi eziqanjiwe ngokubandakanyeka kwazo. Lokhu kuthambekela kokuqamba okusha kuholele engxoxweni mayelana nokuthi ukudalwa okusizwa yi-AI kufanele kunikezwe amalungelo empahla yobuhlakani (IP) noma cha.

Kunokukhathazeka ngokuthi ngaphansi kwesistimu yamanje yelungelo lobunikazi, izinkampani zangaphandle zingazibonakalisa njengabasunguli bobuchwepheshe obukhiqizwa amasistimu e-AI nokuthi ukunikeza lawo malungelo kungase kudukise. Iziphakamiso zenziwe mayelana nendlela isistimu yelungelo lobunikazi okufanele ilungiswe ngayo ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo ku-AI nokufunda komshini (ML), kodwa imininingwane ihlala ingachazwanga kakhulu. Okokuqala, kunenkulumompikiswano eqhubekayo yokuthi yini ehlanganisa ukusungulwa kwe-'AI-generated' nokuthi ukuzimela kwekhompiyutha kuhluke kanjani ekwakhiweni okusha okusizwa yi-AI. Abanye ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi sekuseduze kakhulu ukunikeza i-AI amalungelo obunikazi agcwele ngokugcwele omsunguli njengoba ama-algorithms asancike kakhulu kubantu. 

Ezinye izibonelo ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokusungulwa kosizo lwe-AI zifaka ibhulashi lamazinyo le-Oral-B neminye imikhiqizo 'Yomshini Wokudala' oklanywe usosayensi wekhompyutha uStephen Thaler, i-antenna ye-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), impumelelo yohlelo lofuzo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI ku ukutholakala nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa. Mhlawumbe isibonelo sakamuva kakhulu senkulumompikiswano yelungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwa kwe-AI uhlelo lomqambi we-Thaler's Device for Autonomous Bootstrapping of Unified Sentience (DABUS) AI, alidlulisele eNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala yase-US ngoJuni 2022. Wathi ubuchwepheshe kufanele bunikezwe ikhredithi ngokudala. isitsha sesiphuzo esisebenzisa i-fractal geometry. Kodwa-ke, iphaneli yamajaji amathathu ayikanqeni ukucabangela uhlelo lwe-AI njengomsunguli.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Uhulumeni wase-UK ukhiphe ngo-2021 ukubonisana kwakhe kwesibili mayelana nemithetho ye-copyright ekudalweni kwe-AI. I-UK isivele inemithetho yokuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwe-copyright yeminyaka engama-50 kubantu ababambisene namakhompyutha ukuze kusungulwe izinto. Kodwa-ke, abanye abagxeki banomuzwa wokuthi ukunikeza amasistimu e-AI isivikelo se-copyright esifanayo nesabantu kudlulele ngandlela thile. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubonisa ukungabaza kanye nokuntuleka kwesiqondiso esicacile kule niche yomthetho we-IP. Umbono owodwa ubeka ukuthi amasistimu e-AI angakhiqiza imisebenzi emisha nezinto eziqanjiwe ngokuzimela, futhi kungase kube nzima ukukhomba umuntu okufanele ngempela athole ikhredithi ngalokhu kudalwa. Kodwa-ke, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi amasistimu e-AI avele asebenze njengamathuluzi noma imishini ethembele kubantu ekufakeni idatha nokuklama imingcele, nokuthi akufanele anikezwe amalungelo e-IP.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikeza amalungelo okushicilela ku-AI kungqubuzana nenye yezimiso eziyisisekelo zomthetho we-IP wase-Europe: umbhali noma umdali womsebenzi ovikelekile kumele kube umuntu. Lokhu kungabonakala kuwo wonke umthetho waseYurophu welungelo lobunikazi, ilungelo lobunikazi, nophawu lokuhweba, kusukela esidingweni “sekhono nomsebenzi” noma “ukudala ubuhlakani” esimeni se-copyright kuya encazelweni yokuthi “umsunguli” ngaphansi kwe-European Patent Convention. Konke kusukela ekutheni kungani umthetho we-IP wadalwa kwasekuqaleni: ukuvikela ubuhlakani bomuntu. Uma lo mthetho ubungashintshwa, ubuzoba nemithelela efinyelela kude kuyo yonke imithetho ye-IP kulo lonke elaseYurophu. 

Le mpikiswano ihlezi iqinile emanzini adungekile. Olunye uhlangothi luphikisa ngokuthi imisebenzi ye-AI kufanele ikhululwe ekuvikelweni kwe-IP ngoba abayitholanga ileveli encane yokufaka komuntu. Kungenjalo, ukwenqaba ukuvikelwa kwe-IP emisebenzini ekhiqizwe yi-AI kungase kuthene amandla abantu ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha besebenzisa amathuluzi e-AI. Ngokwesayensi, ukukhulula okusungulwe yi-AI ekuvikelweni kwelungelo lobunikazi kungabukela phansi izinhloso zesistimu yelungelo lobunikazi ngokuphelele.

Imithelela yokusungulwa okusizwa yi-AI

Imithelela ebanzi yokusungulwa kosizo lwe-AI ingase ihlanganise: 

• Okusunguliwe okuqhutshwa yi-AI kubangela izingxoxo zomhlaba wonke mayelana nokuchaza iminikelo ye-AI, okuholela ekushintsheni okungenzeka ekwabiweni kwamalungelo empahla yengqondo kubadali be-AI.
• Umkhuba wokufaka amakhredithi okuqanjiwe okukhiqizwa yi-AI emaqenjini athile noma ezinkampanini ezithile uyaqina, okhuthaza isiko elisha lebhizinisi mayelana nokusebenzisana kwe-AI nobunikazi.
• Umnyakazo okhulayo wokuvumela i-AI ngokuzimela ukuthi idale izinto ezintsha ngaphandle kokunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni ekhona ye-copyright, engase ichaze kabusha imingcele yokusungula.
• Imizamo yokubambisana phakathi kososayensi nezinhlelo ze-AI iya ivame kakhulu, ihlanganisa ubuhlakani bomuntu namandla ekhompyutha we-AI ukuze kusheshiswe ijubane lokutholwa.
• Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ososayensi nochwepheshe ekwandiseni ukuqamba okusha okusizwa yi-AI, okuhloswe ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI ekwenzeni izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezikhulayo, okunika amandla izinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo eziqhutshwa idatha eyengeziwe.
• Izimo zokuqashwa ziyashintshwa njengoba okuzenzakalelayo okushayelwa yi-AI kuba kwanda kakhulu, okudinga abasebenzi abanekhono ekusebenzisaneni ne-AI nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi i-AI kufanele inikezwe amalungelo omsunguli?
• I-AI ingayithuthukisa kanjani imikhuba yocwaningo nentuthuko enkampanini noma embonini yakho?