Ndalama zoberekera: Kuponya ndalama pavuto lakuchepa kwa ana obadwa

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• June 22, 2023

Kuzindikira kwakukulu

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chonde, maiko monga Hungary, Poland, Japan, ndi China akhazikitsa ndondomeko za phindu pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu. Ngakhale kuti zolimbikitsa zachuma zimenezi zingawonjezere chiwerengero cha anthu obadwa kwa kanthaŵi, otsutsa amanena kuti angakakamize mabanja kukhala ndi ana omwe sangawathandize m’kupita kwa nthaŵi ndipo mwina sangathetse muzu wa vutolo: chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi chuma chimene chimalepheretsa kubereka. Njira yokhazikika-monga kuthandizira amayi kuti azitha kulinganiza ntchito ndi moyo wawo, kupereka mwayi kwa anthu omwe alibe, kuyika ndalama mu maphunziro, ndi kuphatikiza amayi ndi anthu othawa kwawo kuntchito-ingakhale yothandiza kwambiri kuthetsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha obadwa.

Nkhani ya Birthrate funding

Ku Hungary, chiwerengero cha chonde chinafika pa 1.23 mu 2011 ndipo chinakhalabe pansi pa mlingo wa 2.1, zomwe zimafunika kuti chiwerengero cha anthu chikhalebe chokhazikika ngakhale mu 2022. Poyankha, boma la Hungary linayambitsa zipatala za IVF zopatsa amayi chithandizo chaulere mkombero. Kuphatikiza apo, dzikolo lidakhazikitsanso ngongole zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapereka ndalama patsogolo, kutengera lonjezo lamtsogolo lokhala ndi ana. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu umodzi wa ngongole umapereka pafupifupi $26,700 kwa okwatirana achichepere. 

Maboma ambiri a mayiko akhazikitsanso ndondomeko za ndalama zofanana. Ku Poland, boma lidakhazikitsa ndondomeko mu 2016 pomwe amayi adalandira pafupifupi. $ 105 pa mwana pamwezi kuchokera kwa mwana wachiwiri kupita patsogolo, zomwe zinakulitsidwa kuti ziphatikizepo ana onse mu 2019. Ngakhale kuti Japan idakhazikitsanso ndondomeko zofananira ndikumanga bwino chiwerengero chochepa cha kubadwa, sichinathe kukweza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Japan idalemba chiwopsezo chochepa cha chonde cha 1.26 mu 2005, chomwe chakwera mpaka 1.3 mu 2021.

Pakadali pano, ku China, boma lidayesa kukweza kuchuluka kwa obadwa poika ndalama pamankhwala a IVF ndikukhazikitsa mikangano yoletsa kuchotsa mimba. (Osachepera 9.5 miliyoni ochotsa mimba adachitika pakati pa 2015 mpaka 2019 ku China, malinga ndi lipoti la 2021.) Mu 2022, bungwe la zaumoyo mdziko muno lidalonjeza kuti lipangitsa kuti chithandizo cha chonde chitheke. Boma linkafuna kudziwitsa anthu za IVF ndi chithandizo cha chonde pogwiritsa ntchito kampeni yophunzitsa za uchembere wabwino komanso kupewa mimba zosakonzekera komanso kuchepetsa kuchotsa mimba komwe sikunali kofunikira kwachipatala. Malangizo osinthidwa aboma la China adawonetsa kuyesetsa kwakukulu padziko lonse lapansi kuti apititse patsogolo kuchuluka kwa anthu obadwa kumene kuyambira mu 2022.

Zosokoneza

Ngakhale kuthandiza mabanja kukhala okhazikika pazachuma kudzera mu ngongole ndi thandizo lazachuma kungakhale ndi phindu linalake, pangafunike kusintha kotheratu kwa chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi chuma kuti zilimbikitse kusintha kwakukulu kwa obadwa. Mwachitsanzo, kuonetsetsa kuti amayi abwerera kuntchito kungakhale kofunikira. Popeza atsikana ali ndi maphunziro a ku yunivesite ndipo amafuna kugwira ntchito, mfundo za boma zomwe zimalimbikitsa amayi kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera komanso moyo wawo waumwini zingakhale zofunikira kuti awonjezere chiwerengero cha ana obadwa. Komanso, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti mabanja osauka ali ndi ana ambiri kuposa mabanja olemera, zomwe zingatanthauze kuti kuchulukitsa kwa ana obadwa kungakhale zambiri kuposa ndalama. 

Vuto lina la ndondomeko zopereka ngongole za ndalama ndi thandizo kwa mabanja ndiloti angathe kulimbikitsa mabanja kubereka ana omwe sangathe kuwasamalira kwa nthawi yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa ku Hungary zimakakamiza amayi kukhala ndi ana omwe sangawafunenso, ndipo maanja omwe amatenga ngongole kenako n'kusudzulana ayenera kubweza ndalama zonsezo mkati mwa masiku 120. 

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mayiko angaone kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino chifukwa chongoganizira kwambiri za kuthandiza anthu amene alibe mwayi, osati kusintha maganizo a anthu pankhani ya ukwati kapena ana. Kuchita zochitika zamagulu akumidzi kuti akumane ndi omwe angakhale ogwirizana nawo, inshuwaransi yaumoyo yamankhwala okwera mtengo a IVF, kuyika ndalama pamaphunziro, kusunga anthu pantchito kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kuphatikiza amayi ndi osamukira kumayiko ena kuti awonjezere ntchito zitha kukhala tsogolo lothana ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha kubadwa.

Kufunsira kwandalama zakubadwa

Zotsatira zazikulu za ndalama zoberekera zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kuwonjezeka kwakufunika kwa madotolo, akatswiri, ndi zida, pamodzi ndi thandizo la boma ndi owalemba ntchito pazithandizozi.
• Maboma omwe amaika ndalama mu ndondomeko za tchuthi cha amayi oyembekezera kuti awonjezere kusiyana kwa malo ogwira ntchito ndi kuphatikizidwa.
• Maboma ochulukirachulukira akutenga njira yotayirira komanso yabwino yokhudzana ndi anthu olowa m'dzikolo kuti awonjezere ntchito yomwe ikucheperachepera.
• Kuwuka kwa malo osamalira ana omwe amathandizidwa ndi boma ndi owalemba ntchito ndi ntchito zosamalira ana kulimbikitsa mabanja omwe ali ndi ana kuti agwire nawo ntchito.
• Kusinthika kwa miyambo yomwe imalimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha makolo ndi kulera ana. Phindu la boma lidzapindulitsa kwambiri mabanja kuposa nzika imodzi.
• Kuchulukitsa kwandalama zaboma komanso zabizinesi muzamankhwala azaumoyo wautali komanso matekinoloje apantchito kuti awonjezere moyo wogwira ntchito wa ogwira ntchito omwe alipo, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito omwe akucheperachepera.
• Chiwopsezo cha maboma oletsa mwayi wochotsa mimba potengera nkhawa zakuchepa kwa ana obadwa.

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