I-Birthrate funding: Ukuphonsa imali enkingeni yokwehla kwezinga lokuzalwa

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 22, 2023

Amaphuzu avelele okuqonda

Ukusabela kumazinga aphansi enzalo, amazwe afana neHungary, Poland, Japan, neShayina ethule izinqubomgomo zezinzuzo ukuze agqugquzele ukukhula kwenani labantu. Nakuba lezi zisusa ezingokwezimali zingase zikhuphule amanani okuzalwa okwesikhashana, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi zingacindezela imikhaya ukuba ibe nezingane ezingenakuzondla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zingase zingawuxazululi umsuka wenkinga: izimo zezenhlalo namasiko nezomnotho ezidikibalisa ukuzala. Indlela ephelele—njengokweseka abesifazane ukuba balinganisele umsebenzi nempilo yomuntu siqu, ukunikeza amathuba abantu abangenawo, ukutshala imali emfundweni, nokuhlanganisa abesifazane nabavela kwamanye amazwe emsebenzini—kungase kuphumelele kakhulu ekubuyiseleni ukwehla kwamazinga okuzalwa.

Umongo woxhaso lwe-Birthrate

E-Hungary, izinga lokuzala lafinyelela ezingeni eliphansi kunawo wonke elingu-1.23 ngo-2011 futhi lahlala lingaphansi kwezinga lika-2.1, elidingekayo ukuze amazinga ezakhamuzi ahlale engashintshi ngisho nango-2022. Ukuphendula, uhulumeni waseHungary wethula imitholampilo ye-IVF enikezwa abesifazane. imijikelezo yokwelashwa yamahhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe liphinde lasebenzisa imali ebolekiwe ehlukahlukene enikeza imali kusengaphambili, ngokusekelwe esithembisweni sesikhathi esizayo sokuba nezingane. Isibonelo, uhlobo olulodwa lwemalimboleko luhlinzeka cishe ngama- $26,700 emibhangqwaneni emisha eshadile. 

Ohulumeni bamazwe amaningi benze izinqubomgomo zezimali ezifanayo. E-Poland, uhulumeni wethula inqubomgomo ngo-2016 lapho omama bathola cishe. U-$105 ingane ngayinye ngenyanga kusukela enganeni yesibili kuya phambili, eyanwetshwa ukuze ihlanganise zonke izingane ngo-2019. Nakuba i-Japan nayo yenze izinqubomgomo ezifanayo futhi yabopha ngempumelelo izinga lokuzalwa elinciphayo, ayikwazanga ukulikhulisa kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-Japan iqophe izinga lokuzala elirekhodiwe eliphansi elingu-1.26 ngo-2005, elikhuphuke lafinyelela ku-1.3 kuphela ngo-2021.

Khonamanjalo, eChina, uhulumeni uzamile ukunyusa izinga lokuzalwa ngokutshala imali ekwelashweni kwe-IVF nokufaka izimo ezinolaka ngokumelene nokuhushulwa kwezisu. (Okungenani izisu eziyizigidi ezingu-9.5 zenziwe phakathi kuka-2015 kuya ku-2019 e-China, ngokombiko wango-2021.) Ngo-2022, ikhomishana yezempilo yezwe yathembisa ukwenza ukwelashwa kwenzalo kufinyeleleke kalula. Uhulumeni wayehlose ukuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa umphakathi nge-IVF kanye nokwelashwa kokuzala ngemikhankaso yokufundisa ngezempilo zokuzala kuyilapho futhi evimbela ukukhulelwa okungahlosiwe kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezisu okwakungadingeki ngokokwelashwa. Imihlahlandlela ebuyekeziwe kahulumeni wase-China iphawule umzamo obanzi kakhulu ezingeni likazwelonke wokuthuthukisa amanani okuzalwa abonwe kusukela ngo-2022.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Nakuba ukusiza imindeni ukuthi izinze ngokwezimali ngezimali mboleko kanye nosizo lwezezimali kungase kube nezinzuzo ezithile, kungase kube nesidingo sezinguquko eziphelele ezimweni zezenhlalo namasiko nezomnotho ukuze kugqugquzelwe izinguquko ezibalulekile ezilinganisweni zokuzalwa. Isibonelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abesifazane bangabuyela emsebenzini kungabaluleka. Njengoba abesifazane abasebasha benemfundo yaseyunivesithi futhi befuna ukusebenza, izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezikhuthaza abesifazane ukuba balinganisele umsebenzi nokuphila komuntu siqu kungase kudingeke ukuze kukhuliswe amanani okuzalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi imikhaya empofu inezingane eziningi kunemikhaya ecebile, okungase kusho ukuthi ukukhulisa amanani okuzalwa kungase kube ngaphezu kokulondeka ngokwezimali. 

Enye inkinga ngezinqubomgomo ezibolekisa ngemali kanye nosizo emindenini ukuthi ingakwazi ukukhuthaza imindeni ukuthi ikhiqize izingane ezingakwazi ukuziphilisa isikhathi eside. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhokha kusengaphambili ohlelweni lwaseHungary kubeka ingcindezi kwabesifazane ukuba babe nezingane okungenzeka bangasazifuni, futhi imibhangqwana eboleka imali bese idivosa kufanele iyibuyisele yonke imali zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-120. 

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazwe angase abone impumelelo eyengeziwe ngokungagxili ekushintsheni izingqondo zabantu ngomshado noma izingane kodwa ekusizeni labo abangenawo amathuba. Ukubambela imiphakathi yasemakhaya imicimbi ukuze ihlangane nabantu abangase babe ngabalingani, ukuhlinzekwa komshwalense wezempilo wemithi ebizayo ye-IVF, ukutshala imali kwezemfundo, ukugcina abantu besemsebenzini isikhathi eside, nokuhlanganisa abesifazane nabavela kwamanye amazwe ukuze bagcwalise abasebenzi kungase kube ikusasa lokubhekana nokwehla kwamazinga okuzalwa.

Izicelo zoxhaso lwemali yokuzalwa

Imithelela ebanzi yokuxhaswa ngesilinganiso sokuzalwa ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukwenyuka kwesidingo sodokotela, ochwepheshe, kanye nemishini, kanye noxhaso lukahulumeni nomqashi lwezokwelapha ezinjalo.
• Ohulumeni abatshala izimali zabo emigomeni yekhefu lokuyobeletha ukuze bandise ukuhlukahluka kanye nokubandakanywa emsebenzini.
• Ohulumeni abengeziwe bathatha indlela exegayo neqondileyo mayelana nokuthuthela kwelinye izwe ukuze bengezelele izisebenzi zabo ezinciphayo.
• Ukunyuka kwezikhungo zokunakekela izingane ezixhaswe nguhulumeni kanye nomqashi kanye nezinsizakalo zokunakekela izingane ukukhuthaza imindeni enezingane ukuthi ijoyine abasebenzi.
• Imikhuba yamasiko ethuthukayo ethuthukisa ukubaluleka komphakathi kwabazali nokukhulisa izingane. Izinzuzo zikahulumeni zizozuzisa imibhangqwana ngaphezu kwezakhamuzi ezingashadile.
• Ukwenyuswa kokutshalwa kwezimali komkhakha kahulumeni kanye nezinkampani ezizimele kuzindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zokuphila isikhathi eside kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela emsebenzini ukuze kunwebe izimpilo zokusebenza zabasebenzi abakhona, kanye nokwengeza umkhiqizo wabasebenzi abanciphayo.
• Ingozi yohulumeni ekhawulela ukufinyelela ekuhushuleni izisu eveza ukukhathazeka mayelana nokwehla kwezinga lokuzalwa.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi ukuvikeleka ngokwezimali kuyisici esibalulekile ekwehleni kwezinga lokuzalwa emhlabeni wonke?
• Ingabe ukutshalwa kwezimali kuma-automation namarobhothi kungasiza ukwehlisa izinga lokuzalwa elinciphayo?