Isipele se-GPS: Amandla okulandelela i-orbit ephansi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 16, 2022

I-Global Positioning System (GPS) idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ngedatha yendawo, yokuhamba, kanye neyesikhathi (PNT) ezinkampanini nasezinhlanganweni ezihlukene emhlabeni wonke, ezisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze zenze izinqumo zokusebenza. 

I-GPS Backup umongo

Izinkampani ezitshala izigidigidi zamaRandi ekuthuthukiseni izimoto ezizishayelayo, ama-drones okulethwa, namatekisi asemoyeni asemadolobheni athembele kudatha yendawo enembile nethembekile ukuze zilawule imisebenzi yazo ngokushelela. Nokho, isibonelo, ngenkathi idatha yeleveli ye-GPS ingathola i-smartphone ngaphakathi kwerediyasi engamamitha angu-4.9 (amafidi angu-16), leli banga alinembile ngokwanele embonini yezimoto ezishayelayo. Izinkampani zezimoto ezizimele ziqondise ukunemba kwendawo kufika kumamilimitha angu-10, ngamabanga amakhudlwana abeka izinselele ezinkulu zokuphepha nokusebenza ezindaweni zomhlaba wangempela.

Ukuthembela kwezimboni ezihlukene kudatha ye-GPS kusakazeke kakhulu kangangokuthi ukuphazamisa noma ukuxhaphaza idatha ye-GPS noma amasignali kungabeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwezwe nezomnotho. E-United States (US), abaphathi baka-Trump bakhipha umyalo wokuphatha ngo-2020 owanikeza uMnyango Wezohwebo igunya lokuhlonza izinsongo ezinhlelweni ezikhona ze-PNT zase-US futhi waqondisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuthenga zikahulumeni zicabangele lezi zinsongo. UMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya wase-US uphinde uhlanganyele ne-Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency yase-US ukuze igridi kagesi yezwe, izinsiza eziphuthumayo, nezinye izingqalasizinda ezibalulekile zinganciki ngokuphelele ku-GPS.

Umkhankaso wokwandisa ukutholakala kwe-PNT ngale kwe-GPS wabona i-TrustPoint, isiqalo esigxile ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwesathelayithi yokuzulazula emhlabeni wonke (GNSS) eyasungulwa ngo-2020. Ithole uxhaso lwemali lwembewu engu-$2 million ngo-2021. I-Xona Space Systems, eyakhiwe ngo-2019 e-San Mateo, I-California, iphishekela iphrojekthi efanayo. I-TrustPoint ne-Xona bahlela ukwethula imilaza yesethelayithi emincane ku-orbit ephansi ukuze inikeze izinsiza ze-PNT zomhlaba wonke ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwama-opharetha e-GPS akhona namaqoqo ezinkanyezi e-GNSS. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuvela kwezinhlelo ze-GNSS ezihlukene kungase kuholele izimboni ezithembele kudatha ye-PNT ukuze zenze ubudlelwano bezentengiselwano nabahlinzeki abahlukene, zidale ukuhlukana kwemakethe kanye nokuncintisana phakathi kwezimboni ze-PNT ne-GNSS. Ukuba khona kwezinhlelo ze-GNSS ezihlukene kungase kudinge ukuthi kudalwe isilawuli somhlaba wonke noma ibhentshimakhi ukuze idatha etholwe amasistimu e-GNSS iqinisekiswe ngokumelene nalawa mazinga. 

Ohulumeni abake bathembela kudatha ye-GPS bangase bacabangele ukwakha izinhlelo zabo ze-PNT (ezisekelwa ingqalasizinda ye-GNSS ethuthukiswe ngaphakathi) ukuze bazuze kudatha nolwazi lokuzimela. Amazwe angaphinde asebenzise izinhlelo zawo ze-PNT ezisanda kuthuthukiswa ukuze akhe ubudlelwano namanye amazwe afuna ukuzihlanganisa nezindawo ezithile zezwe ngenxa yezizathu zenhlalo, ezombusazwe, noma zezomnotho. Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe emazweni asakha izinhlelo ezizimele ze-PNT zingase zithole uxhaso olunyukile kuhulumeni kazwelonke ngale njongo, okukhuphule ukukhula kwemisebenzi ngaphakathi kwezimboni zezokuxhumana nobuchwepheshe.

Imithelela yobuchwepheshe obusha be-GPS obuthuthukiswayo

Imithelela ebanzi yedatha ye-PNT enikezwa emithonjeni eyahlukene ingase ihlanganise:

• Ohulumeni bathuthukisa izinhlelo zabo ze-PNT ngezinjongo ezithile zempi.
• Amazwe ahlukahlukene avimbela amasathelayithi e-PNT avela emazweni aphikisanayo noma ama-blocs esifunda ukuthi azungeze imingcele yawo.
• Ukuvula umsebenzi wezomnotho onenani lezigidigidi zamadola njengobuchwepheshe, njengama-drones nezimoto ezizimele, kuzoba okuthembeke kakhulu futhi kuphephe ukusetshenziswa kuhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.
• Amasistimu e-GNSS anemizila ephansi eba indlela eyinhloko yokufinyelela idatha ye-PNT ngezinjongo zokusebenza.
• Ukuvela kwezinkampani ze-cybersecurity ezihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwedatha ye-PNT njengolayini wesevisi yeklayenti.
• Iziqalo ezintsha ezivelayo ezisizakala ngokukhethekile ngamanethiwekhi amasha e-PNT ukuze zenze imikhiqizo emisha namasevisi.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Ingabe kufanele kusungulwe indinganiso ye-PNT yomhlaba wonke, noma kufanele izinkampani ezihlukene namazwe avunyelwe ukuba enze awabo amasistimu edatha ye-PNT? Kungani?
• Izindinganiso ezihlukile ze-PNT zingakuthinta kanjani ukwethembeka komthengi emikhiqizweni ethembele kudatha ye-PNT?