Kumenya nkhondo kwa algorithmic: Kodi maloboti akupha ndinkhope yatsopano yankhondo zamakono?

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• January 10, 2023

Maiko akupitilizabe kufufuza njira zankhondo zanzeru (AI) ngakhale kuti kukana kwakula pakati pa anthu motsutsana ndi zida zakupha, zodziyimira pawokha. 

Algorithmic warfighting context

Makina amagwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu (mndandanda wa malangizo a masamu) kuti athetse mavuto omwe amatengera nzeru za anthu. Kumenyera nkhondo kwa algorithmic kumaphatikizapo kupanga makina oyendetsedwa ndi AI omwe amatha kuwongolera zida, machenjerero, komanso ntchito zonse zankhondo. Makina omwe amayang'anira zida zankhondo atsegula mikangano yatsopano yokhudza ntchito yomwe makina odziyimira pawokha amayenera kuchita pankhondo komanso momwe zimakhalira. 

Malinga ndi International Humanitarian Law, makina aliwonse (kaya ali ndi zida kapena alibe zida) amayenera kuwunika mosamalitsa asanatumizidwe, makamaka ngati akufuna kuvulaza anthu kapena nyumba. Izi zimafikira ku machitidwe a AI omwe akupangidwa kuti pamapeto pake akhale odziphunzira okha komanso odziwongolera, zomwe zingapangitse makinawa kuti alowe m'malo mwa zida zoyendetsedwa ndi anthu pazochitika zankhondo.

Mu 2017, Google idalandira kubweza koopsa kuchokera kwa antchito ake pomwe zidadziwika kuti kampaniyo ikugwira ntchito ndi United States department of Defense kupanga makina ophunzirira makina oti agwiritsidwe ntchito kunkhondo. Ochita ziwonetsero anali ndi nkhawa kuti kupanga maloboti ankhondo odzisintha okha kumatha kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu kapena kupangitsa kuti anthu adziwike zabodza. Kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje ozindikira nkhope m'gulu lankhondo kwakula (koyambirira kwa 2019) kuti apange nkhokwe ya zigawenga kapena anthu omwe akufuna. Otsutsa awonetsa nkhawa kuti zisankho zoyendetsedwa ndi AI zitha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa ngati kulowererapo kwa anthu kusokonezedwa. Komabe, mamembala ambiri a United Nations amavomereza kuletsa zida zankhondo zowopsa (LAWS) chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa mabungwewa kuchita nkhanza.

Zosokoneza

Kutsika kwa chiwerengero cha usilikali chomwe mayiko ambiri akumadzulo akukumana nacho - zomwe zidakula kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 2010 - ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zothetsera usilikali. Chinthu chinanso chomwe chikuyendetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa matekinolojewa ndi kuthekera kwawo kuwongolera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ankhondo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zomenyera nkhondo ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Ena ogwira nawo ntchito m'makampani ankhondo adanenanso kuti machitidwe ankhondo oyendetsedwa ndi AI ndi ma algorithms amatha kuchepetsa kuvulala kwa anthu popereka zidziwitso zenizeni komanso zolondola zomwe zitha kuwonjezera kulondola kwa machitidwe omwe atumizidwa kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna. 

Ngati zida zankhondo zambiri zoyendetsedwa ndi AI ziyikidwa m'malo owonetsera padziko lonse lapansi, anthu ochepa atha kutumizidwa m'malo omenyera nkhondo, kutsitsa ovulala pankhondo m'malo omenyera nkhondo. Opanga zida zoyendetsedwa ndi AI angaphatikizepo zotsutsana monga kupha masiwichi kuti machitidwewa azimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ngati cholakwika chichitika.  

Zotsatira za zida zoyendetsedwa ndi AI 

Zokhudzanso zambiri za zida zodziyimira pawokha zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asitikali padziko lonse lapansi zingaphatikizepo:

• Zida zodzilamulira zikutumizidwa m'malo mwa asilikali oyenda pansi, kuchepetsa ndalama zankhondo komanso kuphedwa kwa asilikali.
• Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa magulu ankhondo ndi mayiko osankhidwa omwe ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza katundu wodzilamulira kapena makina, popeza kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa imfa ya asilikali kungachepetse kukana kwa anthu m'dzikoli kumenya nkhondo m'mayiko akunja.
• Kukwera kwa bajeti zodzitchinjiriza pakati pa mayiko paulamuliro wankhondo wa AI monga nkhondo zamtsogolo zitha kuganiziridwa ndi liwiro lopanga zisankho komanso kukhwima kwa zida zamtsogolo zoyendetsedwa ndi AI ndi asitikali. 
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi makina, kumene deta idzaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo kwa asilikali aumunthu, kuwalola kusintha njira zankhondo ndi njira zenizeni panthawi yeniyeni.
• Mayiko akuchulukirachulukira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagulu awo aukadaulo kuti alimbikitse luso lawo lachitetezo cha AI. 
• Mgwirizano umodzi kapena zingapo zapadziko lonse zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa ku United Nations zoletsa kapena kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodziyimira pawokha. Malamulo oterowo ayenera kunyalanyazidwa ndi magulu ankhondo apamwamba padziko lonse.

Mafunso oti muyankhepo

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti ma algorithmic warfighting angapindule anthu omwe adalowa usilikali?
• Kodi mukukhulupirira kuti machitidwe a AI opangira nkhondo atha kudaliridwa, kapena ayenera kuchepetsedwa kapena kuletsedwa kwathunthu?