Ukulwa kwe-algorithmic: Ingabe amarobhothi abulalayo angubuso obusha bempi yesimanje?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• January 10, 2023

Amazwe ayaqhubeka nokucwaninga izinhlelo zempi ezihlakaniphile (AI) nakuba ukumelana kwenyuke emphakathini ngokumelene nezikhali ezibulalayo, ezizimele. 

I-algorithmic warfighting umongo

Imishini isebenzisa ama-algorithms (isethi yemiyalo yezibalo) ukuxazulula izinkinga ezilingisa ubuhlakani bomuntu. I-algorithmic warfighting ibandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezisebenza ngamandla e-AI ezingaphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo izikhali, amaqhinga, kanye nemisebenzi yonke yezempi. Imishini elawula ngokuzimele izinhlelo zezikhali ivule izimpikiswano ezintsha mayelana neqhaza okufanele libe nemishini ezimele ezimpini kanye nemithelela yayo yokuziphatha. 

NgokoMthetho Wezobuntu Wamazwe Ngamazwe, noma yimuphi umshini (noma ngabe uhlomile noma awunazo izikhali) kufanele ubuyekezelwe ngokuqinile ngaphambi kokuba usetshenziswe, ikakhulukazi uma uhloselwe ukulimaza abantu noma izakhiwo. Lokhu kudlulela ezinhlelweni ze-AI ezithuthukiswayo ukuze zigcine sezikwazi ukuzifundela nokuzilungisa, okungase kuholele ekutheni le mishini ithathe indawo yezinhlelo zezikhali ezilawulwa abantu ekusebenzeni kwezempi.

Ngo-2017, i-Google yathola ukuhlehla okukhulu kubasebenzi bayo lapho kutholakala ukuthi inkampani yayisebenzisana noMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-United States ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokufunda zemishini ezizosetshenziswa kwezempi. Izishoshovu bezikhathazekile ngokuthi ukudala amarobhothi ezempi azishintshayo kungase kwephule inkululeko yomphakathi noma kuholele ekuqashelweni okungelona iqiniso. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokubona ubuso kwezempi kunyukile (kusukela ngo-2019) ukuze kwakhiwe isizindalwazi samaphekula okuhlosiwe noma abantu abanentshisekelo kubo. Abagxeki bazwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okuqhutshwa yi-AI kungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele uma ukungenelela kwabantu kuphazamiseka. Kodwa-ke, amalungu amaningi eNhlangano Yezizwe athanda ukuvinjelwa kwezinhlelo zezikhali ezizisebenzelayo ezibulalayo (LAWS) ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zinhlangano ziziphathe kabi.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukwehla kwezibalo zokubuthwa kwezempi emazweni amaningi aseNtshonalanga - okuwumkhuba owajula ngeminyaka yawo-2010s - kuyisici esibalulekile esinomthelela ekwamukelweni kwezixazululo zezempi ezizenzakalelayo. Esinye isici esibangela ukwamukelwa kwalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe amandla azo okwenza lula kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yasenkundleni yempi ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokuphumelela kwempi kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi. Abanye ababambiqhaza bemboni yezempi baphinde bathi izinhlelo zezempi ezilawulwa yi-AI kanye nama-algorithms angakwazi ukwehlisa ukulimala kwabantu ngokunikeza ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela nolunembile olungakhuphula ukunemba kwezinhlelo ezisetshenzisiwe ukuze zifinyelele imigomo yazo ehlosiwe. 

Uma izinhlelo eziningi zezikhali zempi ezilawulwa yi-AI zisatshalaliswa ezinkundleni zemidlalo yeshashalazi emhlabeni wonke, abantu abambalwa abangase batshalwe ezindaweni ezingqubuzanayo, behlise abalimala bezempi ezinkundleni zempi. Abenzi bezikhali ezishayelwa yi-AI bangase bahlanganise izinyathelo eziphikisayo ezifana namaswishi okubulala ukuze lezi zinhlelo zikhutshazwe ngokushesha uma kwenzeka iphutha.  

Imithelela yezikhali ezilawulwa yi-AI 

Imithelela ebanzi yezikhali ezizimele ezisatshalaliswa amasosha emhlabeni wonke ingase ihlanganise:

• Izikhali ezizimele zisetshenziswa esikhundleni samasosha ahamba ngezinyawo, ukwehla kwezindleko zempi kanye nokulimala kwamasosha.
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamandla ezempi ngamazwe akhethiwe anokufinyelela okukhulu ezimpahleni ezizimele noma ezenziwe ngemishini, njengoba ukuncishiswa noma ukuqedwa kwabalimala bebutho kunganciphisa ukumelana nomphakathi wasekhaya ekulweni impi emazweni angaphandle.
• Ukwenyuka kwesabelomali sezokuvikela phakathi kwezizwe zobukhulu be-AI bezempi njengoba izimpi zesikhathi esizayo zinganqunywa ngesivinini sokwenza izinqumo nobunkimbinkimbi bezikhali ezilawulwa yi-AI nezempi zesikhathi esizayo. 
• Ukwandisa ubambiswano phakathi kwabantu nemishini, lapho idatha izonikezwa khona manjalo kumasosha angabantu, okubavumela ukuthi balungise amaqhinga namasu okulwa ngesikhathi sangempela.
• Amazwe aya ngokuya ngokuthepha izinsiza zemikhakha yawo eyimfihlo yezobuchwepheshe ukuze aqinise amakhono awo okuvikela i-AI. 
• Isivumelwano somhlaba esisodwa noma eziningi ezithuthukiswa kuNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene ezivimbela noma ezikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali ezizimele. Izinqubomgomo ezinjalo cishe zizoshaywa indiva amasosha aphezulu emhlabeni.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Ucabanga ukuthi impi ye-algorithmic izozuzisa abantu ababhalisele impi?
• Uyakholelwa ukuthi izinhlelo ze-AI eziklanyelwe ukulwa zingathenjwa, noma kufanele zincishiswe noma zivinjelwe ngokuqondile?