Ukusimama komkhathi: Isivumelwano esisha samazwe ngamazwe sikhuluma ngodoti wasemkhathini, sihlose ukusimama kwendawo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 20, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukwanda kokwethulwa kwesathelayithi, okuhambisana nokuba khona okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezingasasebenzi ku-orbit, kuholele ekubhekaneni nokunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu yasemkhathini, okusongela imisebenzi yasemkhathini yesikhathi esizayo. Ukusabela, uhlelo lwe-Space Sustainability Rating (SSR) lwakhiwe ukuze lukhuthaze izinqubo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo ekuhloleni umkhathi, okunomthelela kubaqhubi bemikhumbi-mkhathi, ohulumeni, kanye nemboni yasemkhathini yezentengiselwano. Lesi sinyathelo esibalulekile sihlose ukunciphisa ubungozi bokushayisana, ukukhuthaza ukusimama kokuncintisana, nokuvumelanisa imisebenzi yasemkhathini nezinjongo zokusimama komhlaba, okungase kube nokulolonga ikusasa lokubusa kwendawo kanye nezinqubo zemboni.

Umongo wokusimama kwendawo

Uchungechunge oluqhubekayo lwamasathelayithi, amarokhethi, nemikhumbi yezimpahla sekwethulwe futhi kusathulwa emzileni womhlaba. Eziningi zalezi zinto zihlala ku-orbit ngisho nalapho zingasebenzi kahle, ziphuka noma zingasasebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, izigidi zezingcezu zemfucumfucu yasemkhathini zizungeza iplanethi yethu, zihamba amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngehora, okwandisa ingozi yokushayisana kwezimoto zasemkhathini ezizungezayo kanye neziphuphutheki zesikhathi esizayo ezizokwethulwa.

Ukwehla kwezindleko zokuqalisa, ukuvela kobukhulu besathelayithi nerokhethi nobunkimbinkimbi, kanye nokwanda kwezicelo zengqalasizinda esemkhathini kuye kwaholela ekwenyukeni kokwethulwa kwesathelayithi, eziningi zazo yizinkampani ezintsha zasemkhathini nezizwe ebezingabandakanyeki ekuhloleni indawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. kuya ku-2000. Imboni yasemkhathini yezohwebo, ikakhulukazi, ihlela ukwandisa isibalo samasathelayithi asebenzayo sibe yi-30-40,000, kude kakhulu ne-4,000 kakade e-orbit. Lokhu kukhula okusheshayo kulungiselelwa ukwanda kwendima yomkhakha wezomkhathi kwezokuxhumana, ukulalela kude, isayensi yasemkhathini, ukukhiqizwa komkhathi kanye nokuvikeleka kwezwe.

Ekugcineni, ngokwanda kwezibalo zamasathelayithi ezethulwa minyaka yonke kunomthelela engcupheni yesikhathi eside yenhlekelele evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Kessler syndrome, isimo esicatshangelwayo lapho ukuminyana kwengqalasizinda yesikhala kanye nemfucumfucu emzileni ophansi woMhlaba (LEO) kuphezulu ngokwanele ukuthi ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinto kungase kubangele umphumela we-cascade lapho ukungqubuzana ngakunye kudala imfucumfucu yesikhala eyengeziwe, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amathuba okushayisana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imfucumfucu eyanele ingase izungeza Umhlaba kangangokuthi ingenza ukwethulwa komkhathi esikhathini esizayo kube yingozi futhi inikeze imisebenzi yasemkhathini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamasathelayithi kububanzi obuthile obuzungezayo kungenzeki ngokomnotho ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwe-Space Sustainability Rating (SSR) kuphawula isinyathelo esibalulekile sokulawula izinselele zokuhlola nokusetshenziswa komkhathi. Ngokwethula inqubo yesitifiketi, i-SSR ikhuthaza abaqhubi bemikhumbi-mkhathi, abahlinzeki besevisi bokuqalisa, nabakhiqizi besathelayithi ukuthi basebenzise izinqubo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo. Lo mkhuba ungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwemishini yasemkhathini ngokunciphisa ingcuphe yokushayisana nokunciphisa imfucumfucu yasemkhathini.

Uhlelo lwe-SSR futhi lunamandla okuba nomthelela endleleni amabhizinisi ahlobene nendawo asebenza ngayo. Ngokubeka izindinganiso ezicacile zokusimama, kungase kuholele ekushintsheni ezinkambisweni zemboni, lapho izinkampani zibeka phambili imisebenzi yasemkhathini enomthwalo wemfanelo. Lokhu kungase kukhuthaze isimo sokuncintisana lapho amabhizinisi elwela ukuzuza amazinga aphezulu okuthola izitifiketi, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha nezindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusimama. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kungase kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwezisetshenziswa kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko, okuzuzisa kokubili imboni nabathengi.

Kohulumeni, i-SSR inikeza uhlaka lokulawula nokwengamela imisebenzi yasemkhathini ngendlela ehambisana nezinjongo zokusimama komhlaba. Ngokwamukela nokuphoqelela lawa mazinga, ohulumeni bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlola indawo kanye nemisebenzi yezohwebo yenziwa ngokuzibophezela. Lo mkhuba ungase futhi ukhuthaze ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, njengoba amazwe esebenzisana ukuze athuthukise futhi ahambisane nezindinganiso ezabiwe. Ukubambisana okunjalo kungaholela endleleni evumelanayo yokuphatha indawo.

Imithelela yokusimama kwendawo

Imithelela ebanzi yokusimama kwendawo ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe nezindikimba ezilawulayo zokwengamela ukuncishiswa kwemfucumfucu yasemkhathini, okuholela ekuvikelweni kwemishini yasemkhathini yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo.
• Isidingo sabaqhubi bemikhumbi-mkhathi, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokwethula, kanye nabakhiqizi besathelayithi ukufakazela ukuthi imisebenzi yabo ehleliwe iyasimema ngaphambi kokuba bavunyelwe ukwenza umgomo, okuholela endleleni enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlola indawo.
• Isisekelo esisha sokuthi abaqhubi baqhudelane ngezinkontileka; bangase bashintshe ukwenza kwabo futhi baqhudelane ngokusimama ukuze bathole izinkontileka, okuholela ekushintsheni kokubalulekile kwembonini.
• Ukusungulwa kwesistimu yokulinganisa yendawo yonke yemishini yasemkhathini, okuholela endleleni esezingeni lomhlaba jikelele eqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki nokungenzeleli ekuhlolweni kwezinqubo zokusimama.
• Ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi emisha ocwaningweni lokusimama kwendawo, ukuqapha, kanye nokuhambisana.
• Ukwenyuka okungaba khona kwezindleko zemishini yasemkhathini ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokusimama, okuholela ekubuyekezweni kabusha kwesabelomali namasu okuxhasa ngezimali ohulumeni nezinhlangano ezizimele.
• Ukukhuthazwa kwentuthuko entsha yezobuchwepheshe kugxile ekuzinzeni, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamathuluzi nezindlela ezinciphisa umthelela wemvelo kokubili emkhathini nasemhlabeni.
• Amathuba okuthi uhlelo lwe-SSR lube imodeli kwezinye izimboni, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi kwezilinganiso zokusimama kanye nezitifiketi kuyo yonke imikhakha eyahlukene.
• Ushintsho ekubonweni kwabathengi kanye nesidingo ekusekeleni izinkampani zasemkhathini ezithobela izindinganiso zokusimama, okuholela endleleni eqaphelayo nenesibopho semikhiqizo namasevisi ahlobene nendawo.
• Ukuba nokwenzeka kwezingxabano zezombangazwe ezivela ekuchazeni okuhlukene noma ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokusimama kwamazwe ngamazwe, okuholela esidingweni sezingxoxo zamanxusa kanye nezivumelwano zokuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa okuvumelanayo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Kuzokwenzekani uma izinhlelo zokusimamisa indawo zingadalwanga futhi zingasetshenzwa?
• Ingabe kufanele kube nesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe sokususa inani elithile lemfucumfucu yasemkhathini unyaka ngamunye?