Nā diagnostics CRISPR: Luʻu i loko o nā diagnostics pili pūnaewele

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• 'Okakopa 17, 2022

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

ʻO CRISPR kahi ʻenehana hoʻoponopono gene e hiki ai i nā ʻepekema ke hoʻololi a "ʻoki" i nā genes. Hāʻawi ʻo CRISPR i kahi pae hou o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻano gene i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia me ka protein Cas9. Ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe noiʻi pehea e hoʻohana ai i kēia ʻenehana a me ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā mea hana diagnostics pololei.

ʻO ka pōʻaiapili diagnostics CRISPR

ʻO CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) kahi ala e hiki ai i nā ʻepekema ke hoʻoponopono i nā genes i loko o nā meaola, e like me ka bacteria, holoholona, ​​a me ke kanaka. Ke hana nei ka ʻenehana ma ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka DNA a hoʻololi iā lākou me nā kaʻina hana hou. Ke manaʻo nei kēia ala e hoʻoponopono i nā genes mutated a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi hoʻoilina. Hiki i ka CRISPR ke ho'ōla i nā maʻi ma muli o ka DNA e like me nā maʻi koko a me nā maʻi maʻi.

Ma kahi hoʻokolohua 2017 i alakaʻi ʻia e Temple University a me ke Kulanui o Pittsburgh, ua hoʻopau nā mea noiʻi i ka HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) i nā ʻiole ola. Eia nō naʻe, pono e noiʻi hou ʻia i nā primates ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i nā mea noiʻi ke hoʻāʻo i kekahi ʻano lapaʻau like i ke kanaka. ʻOiai ka nui o nā pōmaikaʻi o CRISPR, makaʻala kekahi mau ʻepekema e hoʻohana kekahi mau ʻoihana i ka mea hana e hoʻoponopono ai i nā cell reproductive, e hopena i nā pēpē hoʻolālā.

Ma waho aʻe o ka gene therapy, ke hōʻike nei ʻo CRISPR i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki nui i ka diagnostics. Pono nā biomarkers e pili ana i ka waikawa nucleic no ka diagnostics no ka mea hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia mai ka liʻiliʻi o ka DNA a i ʻole RNA, e hoʻohālikelike pono iā lākou no ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo kēia ʻano diagnostics ke kumu gula no nā ʻano maʻi he nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi. E like me ka nānā ʻana i ka wā maʻi maʻi COVID-19, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo wikiwiki a me ka pololei o ka nucleic acid-based hoʻāʻo he mea nui no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi virus a me ka hoʻokele. He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike ʻana i nā biomarkers nucleic acid no ka mahiʻai a me ka palekana o ka meaʻai, a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea kaua olaola. 

Ka hopena hoʻopilikia

I ka makahiki 2021, ua hana nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi San Diego i kahi mea hana diagnostic wikiwiki e ʻike ai i ka SARS-CoV-2, ka coronavirus e kumu ai ka COVID-19, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā genetics molecular, chemistry, a me ka ʻepekema olakino. Hoʻohana ka SENSR hou (sensitive enzymatic nucleic acid sequence reporter) i ka CRISPR e ʻike ai i nā pathogens ma o ka ʻike ʻana i nā kaʻina genetic i kā lākou DNA a i ʻole RNA. ʻOiai ʻo ka enzyme Cas9 ka protein mua i hoʻohana ʻia i nā noiʻi ʻenekini genetic CRISPR, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā enzyme ʻē aʻe e like me Cas12a a me Cas13a e hana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pololei.

ʻO SENSR ka mea hana diagnostic mua COVID-19 e hoʻohana ana i ka enzyme Cas13d (ʻike ʻia ʻo CasRx). Hiki ke hana ʻia nā hopena hoʻāʻo o ka mea hana ma lalo o hoʻokahi hola. Manaʻo nā mea noiʻi ma ka ʻimi ʻana i nā enzyme ʻē aʻe, hiki iā CRISPR ke wehe i nā manawa hou no nā diagnostics-based genetics.

Hiki i nā ʻepekema a me nā kauka ke hoʻohana i ka CRISPR e ʻike i nā maʻi maʻi ʻole. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka CRISPR-based sensing o mRNA no ka ʻike ʻana i ka hōʻole ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāʻī. ʻO kēia ʻano hana e pili ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mRNA i loko o kahi laʻana mimi mai kahi mea i loaʻa i ka hoʻololi ʻana.

Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ua hōʻike ʻia ka sensor CRISPR-based 93% sensitivity a me 76% specificity. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hana no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi umauma a me ka lolo lolo. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka CRISPR ke hoʻomaopopo pololei i nā maʻi genetic, e like me ka mutations a me ka muscular dystrophy, ma o ka kikoʻī hoʻokahi-nucleotide.

Nā hopena o nā diagnostics CRISPR

ʻO nā hopena nui aʻe o nā diagnostics CRISPR hiki ke komo: 

• ʻO nā diagnostics wikiwiki no nā maʻi maʻi ʻino-he noi i mea nui i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi maʻi e hiki mai ana.
• ʻOi aku ka pololei o ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā maʻi ʻano ʻano like ʻole, hiki ke holomua i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikino.
• Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana naʻauao artificial (AI) e hoʻonui i ka nānā ʻana e pili ana i ka CRISPR, hiki ke hopena i nā hopena hōʻike wikiwiki.
• ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi, nā hoʻololi genetic, a me nā hemahema o ka transplant.
• ʻO ka noiʻi hui pū ʻana ma waena o nā biotech, nā ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā kulanui e ʻike i nā enzyme ʻē aʻe e hiki ke holomua i ka maʻi CRISPR-based.
• Hoʻonui i ka hiki i ka hoʻāʻo genetic haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no nā mea kūʻai aku, hiki ke hoʻomāhuahua i ka mālama olakino pilikino a me ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻoilina.
• Hoʻonui ʻia nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono e nā aupuni no nā ʻenehana hoʻoponopono gene, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka wā e hāpai ana i ka holomua ʻepekema.
• ʻO ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i manaʻo ʻia, e alakaʻi ana i nā lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka liʻiliʻi o nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

Nā nīnau e noʻonoʻo ai

• He aha nā pōmaikaʻi ʻē aʻe o ka hiki ke ʻike mua i nā maʻi genetic?
• Pehea e hiki ai i nā aupuni ke hoʻohana iā CRISPR i kā lākou hoʻolālā hoʻokele COVID-19?