CRISPR diagnostics: Hla mus rau hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm tes

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• Lub kaum hli ntuj 17, 2022

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nkag siab

CRISPR yog lub tshuab hloov kho noob uas tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb los hloov lossis "txiav" cov noob. CRISPR ua kom muaj qib tshiab ntawm kev tswj cov noob caj noob ces thaum siv nrog Cas9 protein. Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tshawb nrhiav yuav ua li cas siv cov thev naus laus zis no ntau yam thiab muaj peev xwm los tsim cov cuab yeej kuaj mob kom raug.

CRISPR diagnostics ntsiab lus

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) yog ib txoj hauv kev uas tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb los hloov cov noob hauv cov kab mob, xws li kab mob, tsiaj txhu, thiab tib neeg. Cov thev naus laus zis ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tshem tawm ib feem ntawm DNA thiab hloov lawv nrog cov tshiab, txhim kho ib ntus. Txoj kev no yog txhawm rau kho cov noob caj noob ces los yog cov kab mob sib txawv. CRISPR tuaj yeem kho tau ntau yam kab mob DNA xws li kab mob ntshav thiab qog noj ntshav.

Hauv xyoo 2017 kev sim ua los ntawm Temple University thiab University of Pittsburgh, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav tshem tawm HIV (tus kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tib neeg) hauv cov nas nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm primates yuav xav tau ua ntej cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem sim cov kev kho mob zoo sib xws rau tib neeg. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig ntawm CRISPR, qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau ceev faj tias qee lub tuam txhab yuav siv cov cuab yeej los hloov cov qe menyuam, uas ua rau cov menyuam yaus tsim qauv.

Ib cag ntawm kev kho noob, CRISPR tab tom qhia cov lus cog tseg hauv kev kuaj mob. Nucleic acid-based biomarkers yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob vim tias lawv tuaj yeem nthuav dav los ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm DNA lossis RNA, ua rau lawv tshwj xeeb rau kev kuaj kab mob. Yog li ntawd, hom kev kuaj mob no yog tus qauv kub rau ntau hom kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob. Raws li tau pom thaum lub sijhawm COVID-19 kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, kev sim ceev thiab meej nucleic acid-based yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj thiab tswj tus kab mob zoo. Kev txheeb xyuas nucleic acid biomarkers kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev ruaj ntseg zaub mov, nrog rau kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig thiab txheeb xyuas cov neeg ua tsov rog lom neeg. 

Kev cuam tshuam

Xyoo 2021, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of California San Diego tau tsim cov cuab yeej kuaj mob sai los txheeb xyuas SARS-CoV-2, tus kabmob coronavirus uas ua rau COVID-19, siv cov noob caj noob ces molecular, chemistry, thiab kev noj qab haus huv science. Tus tshiab SENSR (sensitive enzymatic nucleic acid sequence reporter) cov cuab yeej siv CRISPR los kuaj cov kab mob los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob caj ces hauv lawv cov DNA lossis RNA. Thaum lub Cas9 enzyme tau yog thawj cov protein siv hauv CRISPR genetic engineering kev tshawb fawb, lwm cov enzymes xws li Cas12a thiab Cas13a tau siv ntau zuj zus los tsim kev kuaj mob zoo.

SENSR yog thawj lub cuab yeej kuaj mob COVID-19 uas siv Cas13d enzyme (tseem hu ua CasRx). Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem tsim tawm tsawg dua ib teev. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav lwm cov enzymes, CRISPR yuav muaj peev xwm qhib tau cov hauv kev tshiab rau kev kuaj mob caj ces.

Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab kws kho mob kuj tuaj yeem siv CRISPR los kuaj xyuas cov kab mob tsis muaj kab mob. Piv txwv li, CRISPR-raws li kev hnov ​​​​ntawm mRNA tau siv los txheeb xyuas qhov mob ntawm lub raum hloov hauv lub raum tsis lees paub. Txoj kev no suav nrog nrhiav mRNA muaj nyob hauv cov zis kuaj los ntawm ib tus neeg uas nyuam qhuav hloov lub raum.

Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias CRISPR-raws li sensor muaj 93 feem pua ​​​​rhiab thiab 76 feem pua ​​​​qhov tshwj xeeb. Cov cuab yeej kuj tau siv los kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, CRISPR tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov kab mob caj ces, xws li kev hloov pauv thiab cov leeg nqaij dystrophy, los ntawm ib leeg-nucleotide tshwj xeeb.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm CRISPR diagnostics

Kev cuam tshuam dav dav ntawm CRISPR kev kuaj mob yuav suav nrog: 

• Kev kuaj mob sai rau cov kab mob sib kis - ib daim ntawv thov uas yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kev kis tus kabmob kis mus rau yav tom ntej thiab kev sib kis.
• Kev kuaj pom tseeb dua ntawm cov kab mob caj ces tsis tshua muaj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj kho tus kheej.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) cov tshuab siv los txhawb CRISPR-raws li kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, uas yuav ua rau cov txiaj ntsig tau nrawm dua.
• Kev kuaj mob ntxov ntxov ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, kev hloov caj ces, thiab kev hloov pauv tsis ua haujlwm.
• Kev tshawb nrhiav kev sib koom tes ntxiv ntawm biotech, chaw muag tshuaj, thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab kom pom lwm cov enzymes uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev kuaj mob CRISPR.
• Kev nkag mus tau ntau dua rau cov nqi qis qis rau cov neeg siv khoom, muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm tus kheej kev kho mob thiab kev tshawb pom ntxov ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim.
• Txhim kho txoj cai tswjfwm los ntawm tsoomfwv rau kev hloov kho cov thev naus laus zis, ua kom muaj kev coj ncaj ncees thaum txhawb kev nce qib kev tshawb fawb.
• Hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj tsom mus rau kev kho cov noob caj noob ces, ua rau muaj kev kho mob zoo dua nrog cov kev mob tshwm sim tsawg dua.

Cov lus nug los xav txog

• Dab tsi yog lwm yam txiaj ntsig ntawm kev muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov kab mob caj ces ntxov?
• Yuav ua li cas tsoomfwv siv CRISPR hauv lawv cov tswv yim tswj hwm COVID-19?