Digiri kapena alibe digiri? Ndilo funso

Maphunziro asanduka vuto lofala m’chitaganya chamakono.

Achinyamata achikulire a m’badwo wathu akhumudwa chifukwa chosowa mwayi wopeza ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Pa chisankho cha 2016 chaka chino, Bernie Sanders, bambo wachikulire wachiyuda, adakhala mawu a achinyamata. Sikuti adangogawana malingaliro ake ndi zaka chikwi pankhani zamagulu, komanso adawonetsa mkwiyo wawo chifukwa chopatsidwa nthawi yayitali yazachuma. Achinyamata achikulire akuyenera kutenga nawo gawo pazachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha ndalama zomwe amapeza; koma masiku ano, ndalama zawo zonse zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adzigwetse okha ngongole.

Nanga anasonkhanitsa bwanji ngongole zambiri chonchi? Ngongole za ophunzira.

Mtengo wa maphunziro

Ndi msika wantchito momwe ulili pano, zitenga pafupifupi zaka 20 kuti ophunzira alipire ngongole za ophunzira - pokumbukira kuti izi ndi avareji. Padakali 15% ya omaliza maphunziro aku koleji omwe apitiliza kukhala olumala ndi ngongole mpaka zaka zawo za 50, chomwe ndi chifukwa chomwe magawo awiri mwa atatu aliwonse adamaliza maphunziro awo kusekondale mu 2011.

Zakachikwi zikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zopita kusukulu ndi chiyembekezo chopeza maphunziro a ntchito zomwe zikutha msanga. Nangano yankho lake nchiyani? Kukonzekera koyamba kodziwikiratu kungakhale kukhala ndi ngongole za ophunzira zopanda chiwongola dzanja, koma bwanji ngati yankho liri losavuta kuposa pamenepo? Nanga bwanji ngati kuli kotheka kuti maphunziro akhale sitepe losafunikira pakugwira ntchito?

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa izi anthu ochepa amakonda kuda nkhawa ndi nkhaniyi kuposa anthu a ku Caucasus. A Hispanics, Asiya, ndi Afirika Achimereka amakhulupirira kuti zaka zinayi za maphunziro a sekondale ndi njira yopambana pomwe 50% yokha ya azungu aku North America amakhulupirira kuti izi ndi zoona. Tikayang'ana manambala, zikuwonekeratu kuti ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi digiri amakonda kupanga ndalama zambiri pachaka kusiyana ndi omwe alibe maphunziro pazochitika zawo. Kufotokozera kwa izi ndikuti akatswiri monga madokotala ndi maloya amapeza ndalama zambiri ndipo amayenera kupita kusukulu kuti akagwire ntchito zawo.

Masiku ano msika wa ntchito, pokhala wampikisano kwambiri, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa ophunzira kusankha njira ya tsogolo lawo. Kusankha kupita ku koleji ndikupeza digiri, ngakhale kuti ngongoleyo idzachuluka mosapeweka, ikhoza kubweretsa ntchito yanthawi yayitali. Chisankho chachiwiri ndikulunjika kuntchito, kulambalala ngongole ndikutaya chitsimikiziro cha kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali. Kusankha pakati pa njira ziwirizi kungasinthe moyo wa munthu; kotero musanapange chisankho chofunikirachi, funso ndilakuti: kodi madigiri ali ndi phindu lililonse?

Mtengo wa digiri ya koleji / yunivesite

Ndi kangati anthu azaka chikwi amamva nkhani yomweyi ya makolo kapena agogo awo akuyenda m'sitolo, akuwona chizindikiro cha "Thandizo Lofuna" ndikusiya tsiku limenelo ndi ntchito? Njirayi idagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri muzamalonda, koma mumapeza mfundo. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, 47% ya ntchito zomwe zinalipo sizinkafuna digiri. M'malo mwake, malo ambiri ogwira ntchito sanapemphe ngakhale dipuloma ya kusekondale.

Zowona masiku ano ndikuti 62% ya ma grads amagwira ntchito zomwe zimafunikira digiri, koma 27% yokha yaiwo amagwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi zazikulu zawo. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa ophunzira? Chabwino, zisankho zazitali za zomwe muyenera kuchita sizofunikanso - mwachiwonekere tikupatula ntchito zapadera monga zamankhwala, zamalamulo, ndi uinjiniya.

Ophunzira amatha kuphunzira m'magawo omwe amawakonda koma osakakamizidwa kusankha njira yantchito nthawi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, munthu safunikira digiri ya Chingerezi kuti akhale wolemba kapena digiri ya Political Science kuti apeze ntchito m'boma. Ngakhale wamkulu wa Mbiri atha kupeza ntchito mubizinesi; mwa kuyankhula kwina, madigiri ambiri amasamutsidwa kumadera angapo ogwira ntchito. 

Ndiye kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti madigiri ayamba kutha? Osati ndendende. Ngakhale nthawi zasintha, olemba anzawo ntchito amakonda kulemba ganyu masukulu aku koleji. Ngakhale kuti womaliza maphunziro sangapemphe ntchito m'maphunziro ake, adapeza maluso omwe maphunziro a kusekondale amakonda kupatsa ophunzira awo, monga kuwongolera nthawi kapena kuganiza mozama.

Atafunsidwa, 93% ya olemba ntchito adanena kuti kukhala ndi luso monga kulingalira mozama, kulankhulana, ndi kuthetsa mavuto ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa kukhala ndi wamkulu. Enanso 95% mwa olemba anzawo ntchito adanenanso kuti adayika malingaliro apamwamba kuposa omwe amafunikira pakulemba ntchito. Silicon Valley, mwachitsanzo, imalemba ntchito zazikulu za Liberal Arts kuposa zaukadaulo.

“Mochulukirachulukira, olemba anzawo ntchito akufuna kuwona umboni wosonyeza kuti wogwira ntchitoyo wapezadi luso linalake. Chotero ziphaso zimene zingatsimikizire motsimikizirika kuti munthu ali ndi luso lolemba ma code apakompyuta, kulemba nkhani yabwino, kugwiritsira ntchito spreadsheet, kapena kulankhula mokopa zidzakhala zaphindu,” anatero Pulofesa Miles Kimball, wa pa yunivesite ya Michigan.

Tsopano popeza muli ndi zowona zonse ndi ziwerengero, mutha kutsatira mtima wanu mukasankha zomwe mukufuna kuphunzira. Imvani kuphulika kwakung'ono kwa chiyembekezo, zilowerereni mkati, chifukwa chiyembekezo chaching'onocho chatsala pang'ono kuphulika. Mukamaliza maphunziro, mumachoka pachidziwitso chonsechi paphunziro lanu, koma zoona zake ndizofunika ntchito. Tsopano, tabwerera ku vuto la msika wa ntchito; chidziwitso chonse chomwe mwapeza si chitsimikizo cha kupambana kwanu kwamtsogolo.

Arthur Clarke, wolemba nkhani zopeka za sayansi anati: “Sizinatsimikizikebe kuti nzeru zimakhala ndi phindu lililonse pa moyo.” Ndiye ngati kudziwa kwanu kochulukira kwa mabowo akuda ndi makeke sikudzakufikitsani kwina kulikonse, mungaipeze bwanji ntchito?

Kusaka kwa Yobu

Ntchito zambiri masiku ano zimapezedwa popeza anthu omwe amadina. Olemba ntchito amafuna kulemba ntchito anthu omwe amawakonda komanso osavuta kuyanjana nawo, motero amalemba anthu omwe amawadziwa kale. Mausiku onse omwe mudakhala mukuphunzira kuti mutenge GPA imeneyo zilibe kanthu ngati umunthu wanu sunadutse ndi abwana anu.

Ngakhale mutakhala ndi umunthu wabwino, palibe phindu lokhala mulaibulale mochedwa. Yankho: tulukani ndikudzipereka, pezani zokumana nazo, pezani internship ndikulumikizana ndi ophunzira ena pazochitika kapena kutenga nawo mbali m'makalabu. Mwambi wakale "si zomwe ukudziwa, ndi zomwe umadziwa" zikadali zoona.

Malangizowa angawoneke ngati olunjika kwambiri, koma onetsetsani kuti mwawatenga. Monga wophunzira ku koleji, mudzafunika chithandizo chonse chomwe mungapeze. Monga momwe Annie akunenera, “moyo uno ndi wovuta kwambiri,” ndipo ayenera kuti ankanenanso za ntchito. Mu 2011, oposa theka la ophunzira aku koleji osakwanitsa zaka 25 analibe ntchito, pamene 13% ya omaliza maphunziro a koleji ali ndi zaka 22 adatha kupeza ntchito m'ntchito zochepa. Chiwerengerochi chinatsika kufika pa 6.7% kwa omaliza maphunziro pamene afika zaka 27. Chifukwa chake simungapeze ntchito kuchokera ku koleji, koma kuleza mtima ndi khalidwe labwino ndipo mwachiyembekezo chinali chimodzi mwa maluso omwe munatha kukhala nawo. pa zaka zanu za m’kalasi.

Mukukhalabe ndi vuto kupanga chisankho? Chabwino, inu ndi amene muli ndi tsogolo lanu, koma zonse tikambirana momveka bwino momwe tingathere.

Chiwopsezo cha kusowa kwa ntchito kwa omaliza maphunziro atsopano ndi 8.9% pomwe omwe amasankha kusachita maphunziro a sekondale akuwona kuchuluka kwa 22.9%. Nanga bwanji za anthu amene akufunafuna ntchito za udokotala ndi maphunziro? Chabwino, amangokhala ndi ulova wa 5.4%.