Sab tsaus nti ntawm 3D luam ntawv

Qhov dav dav ntawm lub nroog ntab Orbit nyob suav tsis txheeb cov tsev nyob hauv cov tsev neeg futuristic. Lawv cov chav ua haujlwm hauv tsev muaj cov khoom siv ua noj sai sai ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm cov khoom noj ceev ceev-hauv. Cov ntaub pua plag conveyor siv yuav coj koj mus rau lub tshuab, qhov twg koj tuaj yeem faib koj cov pluas noj rau koj qhov kev nyiam tiag tiag ntawm kev nias ntawm lub pob.

Nws yog dab tsi tus creators ntawm lub tas luav Lub Jetsons xav txog lub xyoo 2062 yuav zoo li. Tab sis niaj hnub no, 49 xyoo dhau los hauv 2013, cov tshuab zoo li no twb muaj lawm. Qhov Jetsons hu ua "Space Age Stove," peb paub tias nws yog lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D. Lub neej yav tom ntej yog tam sim no - thiab yog, lawv luam tawm zaub mov.

Yav dhau los, qhov nyuaj ntawm 3D luam ntawv tau kaw rau hauv qab daus ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov tuam txhab luam ntawv thiab cov nplua nuj. Tab sis tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau los ua me, pheej yig dua thiab ua kom zoo dua qub. Lawv zoo nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev mus rau hauv lub peev xwm ncav cuag rau cov neeg siv khoom loj. Twb tau, muaj cov tshuab luam ntawv ntawm lub khw rau tus nqi ntawm iPhone. Nws tsuas yog teeb meem ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej nws ntes tau. 

Nws yog qhov kev tsim kho tshiab tshaj plaws - lub tshuab uas tuaj yeem tsim lossis ua kom duplicate yuav luag txhua yam. Xav txog kev noj lub rooj zaum koj tsim ntawm AutoCad thiab luam tawm ib qho zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws nyob rau tib hnub los yog luam theej duab poker nti los luam tawm ntxiv rau thaum qee qhov inevitably poob. Nws yog yav tom ntej zoo rau kev lom zem. Nws zoo li muaj lub Hoobkas sib tshooj hauv kev nplij siab ntawm koj tus kheej lub tsev. Leej twg yuav tsis xav muaj lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D?

Tab sis zoo li nws yuav suab, muaj ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb tsis txaus siab txog kev nce qib ntawm 3D luam ntawv - cov tuam txhab, cov neeg tuav patent thiab cov tswv lag luam.

Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm 3D luam ntawv, lub hnub nyoog kaj ntug qhov twg leej twg tuaj yeem rub tawm, sib qhia thiab tsim tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv digital xwb, tab sis cov khoom siv lub cev thiab. Cov tuam txhab yuav tiv thaiv kev sib faib thiab luam tawm ntawm lawv lub cev li cas?

Thawj zaug ntawm kev ua txhaum cai

Hauv ob txhais tes ntawm cov neeg coob coob, 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem yog lub cuab yeej muaj zog rau kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev txawj ntse. Twb tau muaj cov xwm txheej uas tib neeg tau tshaj tawm lawv cov qauv 3D hauv Is Taws Nem, tsuas yog lwm tus tsis raug cai luam lawv cov qauv.

Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo no, Fernando Sosa, ua ib qho chaw nres nkoj iPhone uas tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm Iron Throne ntawm TV yeeb yam Kev ua si ntawm Thrones. Tom qab lub hlis ntawm qhov mob-staking modelling, nws thaum kawg muab cov qauv tsim ua tiav nrog rau lwm cov qauv 3D muag ntawm nws tus kheej lub vev xaib. Nws yog ib tug nyob ze-zoo meej replica ntawm lub iconic lub rooj zaum ntawm lub hwj chim kav nyob rau hauv lub yeeb yam lub ntug, ua tag nrho ntawm swords. Tus qauv yog raws li cov duab tseem coj los ntawm TV yeeb yam thiab zoo nkaus li deb ntawm qhov kev coj ua tsis zoo. Sosa txaus siab heev rau nws txoj haujlwm.  

Tab sis tom qab ntawd cov tswv copyright pom tawm.

HBO, lub TV network uas yog tus tswv txoj cai rau koob, tau nrawm nrawm tsab ntawv tso tseg ntawm Sosa. Nws tau thov tias qhov chaw nres nkoj ua txhaum lawv txoj cai ntawm Iron Throne tsim. Tsab ntawv tuaj thaum lub sijhawm xaj ua ntej, zoo ua ntej txawm tias ib qho chaw nres nkoj muag.  

Sosa mus cuag HBO txog kev tsim daim ntawv cog lus tso cai rau lub zwm txwv, tab sis lub tuam txhab tau hais tias twb muaj daim ntawv tso cai rau lwm tus - tab sis yuav tsis hais leej twg, thiab yuav tsis tso cai rau nws hu rau lawv los qhia cov qauv tsim.

Lwm rooj plaub xyoo tas los koom nrog ob tug kwv tij thiab lawv cov tweaked tsim ntawm ib co figurines rau lub rooj-top game Warhammer. Lub caij ntuj no, Thomas Valenty yuav lub Makerbot, ib lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D pheej yig uas tuaj yeem luam tawm cov khoom yas sai sai. Siv Imperial Guard figurines ua lub hauv paus, lawv tau tsim lawv tus kheej Warhammer-style pieces thiab qhia cov qauv tsim ntawm Thingiverse.com, ib qhov chaw uas tso cai rau cov neeg siv sib qhia thiab rub tawm lossis tweak lawv cov qauv digital rau lwm tus luam tawm. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias lawv yuav tsis yog qhov tseeb replicas ntawm Imperial Guards, Games Rhiav, UK-raws li lub tuam txhab uas muaj Warhammer, pom lawv txoj haujlwm thiab xa tsab ntawv ceeb toom tawm mus rau qhov chaw, hais txog Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA).

Khiav hauv lub voj voog… lossis puas yog?

Kev nrawm nrawm ntawm cov tuam txhab loj tawg rau me me tsim cov nyiam nyiam hais lus ntau ntawm 3D luam ntawv qhov kev hem thawj rau cov cuab yeej txawj ntse. Lub peev xwm los rov ua dua ib yam khoom yog hem txaus, tab sis nws yog exponentially hem ntau dua thaum ua ke nrog kev sib faib tsis kawg ntawm Internet.

Lub tswv yim no tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab. Qhov no tsis yog thawj zaug uas cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau txais kev txais tos tsawg dua li sov sov thaum nws pib. Rolling tawm daim kab xev txwv tau yog ib qho kev xyaum txij li thaum tsim cov thawj luam ntawv xovxwm, uas ua rau censorship tshiab thiab daim ntawv tso cai cov cai tsim los kom qeeb cov ntaub ntawv.

Kev lag luam suab paj nruag tshaj tawm nws txoj kev tuag nrog kev ua yeeb yam hauv tsev. Thiab nto moo tshaj plaws, Jack Valenti, tom qab ntawd tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Motion Picture Association of America, hais rau xyoo 1982 tias VCR yuav tsum ua txhaum cai. Nyob rau hauv nws zaj lus tim khawv rau US House of Representatives, Valenti tau hais tias: "Kuv hais rau koj tias VCR yog rau cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab Asmeskas thiab cov pej xeem Asmeskas vim tias Boston strangler yog rau tus poj niam hauv tsev ib leeg."

Tab sis tau kawg, cov khoom no tseem nyob ntawm no. Kev lag luam suab paj nruag tsis tuag, thiab Hollywood tseem ua rau ntau lab daus las blockbusters xyoo dhau los. Thiab tseem, raws li VHS tig mus rau DVD lossis CD hloov mus rau mp3 - txoj hauv kev tshiab los qhia thiab faib tawm hauv xov xwm - cov tswv cuab tswv yim tau txhawj xeeb. Ntau tus tau siv kev ntsuas los xyuas kom meej qhov sib npaug ntawm cov cai ntawm cov neeg tsim cov ntsiab lus thiab cov pej xeem tseem nyob hauv kev txheeb xyuas. Rau ib qho, Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Thoob Ntiaj Teb Cov Khoom (WIPO) tau tshaj tawm DMCA hauv xyoo 1996, ib pawg neeg tsim cai lij choj uas ua txhaum cov kev pabcuam uas mus ncig cov kev tiv thaiv kev cai lij choj digital, tseem hu ua Digital Rights Management (DRM).

DMCA tau xeeb tub feem ntau los cuam tshuam nrog kev nyiag suab paj nruag - thiab tsis ntev, 3D luam ntawv yuav cia li tau txais nws tus kheej DMCA. Tab sis raws nraim li cas tseem yuav pom.   

Ib tus neeg uas tau ua haujlwm nrog thiab paub txog lub peev xwm ntawm 3D luam ntawv yog Laurie Mirsky, tus thawj coj ntawm Toronto-based 3D printing thiab tsim studio, 3DPhactory. Los ntawm kev tsim lub khob rau tsim thiab tsim cov qub 1920's menyuam roj hmab, nws yeej tau ntsib ntau yam ntawm lub tshuab no.

“Nws yog qhov nruab nrab tshiab; tej yam uas koj tuaj yeem tsim tau yog qhov tsis muaj kev txwv, ”nws hais. "Koj tuaj yeem tsim qauv sai sai thiab tib neeg tab tom thov rau tej yam uas kuv tsis tau xav txog."

Feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm uas nws lub tuam txhab ua yog tsim thiab luam tawm cov khoom siv rau cov yeeb yaj kiab. Mirsky yog tus tsim tawm rau zaj duab xis ua ntej kawm txog 3D luam ntawv ob xyoos dhau los. Raws li ib tug neeg uas tau ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua txhaum cai, nws hais tias nws paub txog cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj uas 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem nqa tau.

Thiab cov khoom luam tawm zoo li Game of Thrones iPhone dock yog qhov tseeb tsis mus.  

Mirsky hais tias "Peb yuav tsis luam cov khoom uas muaj rau lwm tus."

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov tshuab no poob qis rau tib txoj cai thiab kev cai lij choj raws li Is Taws Nem lossis hauv tsev-taping tseem tsis paub meej. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog lub tswv yim tshiab uas tseem xav tau sijhawm los sim hauv nruab nrab cov neeg siv khoom siv dej, thiab ntawm lwm qhov muaj kev faib tawm ntawm kev ua txhaum cai lij choj thiab kev ua txhaum cai patent. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam txoj cai lij choj muaj ntau yam thiab nyuaj, tab sis yog li muaj peev xwm siv rau 3D luam ntawv.

Copyrights thiab Patents

Kev tsim thiab tsim cov khoom qub yuav muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb tsawg tshaj plaws nrog cov tswv cuab kev txawj ntse - thiab cov cai txwv tsis pub muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov ntawd. Yog tias ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv hauv Montreal tau sau ib qho kev nyuaj siab uas qhia txog nws txoj kev txom nyem ntawm cov nqi kawm ntawv hauv nws lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws txoj haujlwm yuav raug tiv thaiv raws li kev cai lij choj. Ib xyoos tom qab, yog tias tus tub ntxhais kawm hauv Toronto ua tib yam, tsis paub txog thawj zaj nkauj, kev tiv thaiv kev cai lij choj yuav raug tso cai thiab. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm copyright pub rau kev ywj pheej tsim. Txawm hais tias kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum yog thawj zaug thiaj li tau txais kev cai lij choj, nws tsis tas yuav muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv ntiaj teb.

Raws li Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), cov kev cai lij choj no tuaj yeem siv tau rau txhua qhov kev sau ntawv qub, ua yeeb yam, suab paj nruag thiab kos duab los ntawm cov phau ntawv, ntawv xov xwm, suab paj nruag, duab puab, duab thiab lwm yam.

Kev tiv thaiv kev cai lij choj feem ntau kav ntev rau lub neej ntawm tus sau, thiab rau 50 xyoo tom qab qhov kawg ntawm xyoo ntawd.

Qhov ntev ntawm kev cai lij choj thiab nws lub zog tshaj 3D luam ntawv tsuas yog ib feem me me rau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas muaj cov tswv cuab kev txawj ntse thiab cov neeg tsim qauv ywj pheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Thaum cov kev cai lij choj txwv tsis pub rov ua dua ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm kev kos duab, cov kev txwv tau nce ob zaug thaum kev tiv thaiv patent raug pov rau hauv kev sib tsoo.

Tsis zoo li txoj cai lij choj, uas tso cai rau kev tsim ua ke, txoj cai patent tsis. Yog tias lub tuam txhab patents ib yam dab tsi ua ntej, lwm lub tuam txhab tsis tuaj yeem ua ib qho zoo ib yam.

Thiab qhov no yog qhov uas 3D luam ntawv cuam tshuam rau hauv qhov system. Feem ntau cov khoom tsim tsuas yog khaws cia hauv chav kuaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho pawg, thiab patent txoj cai ua haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig tus qauv no. Pab neeg tshawb fawb ntse yuav ua qhov kev tshawb fawb patent ua ntej txiav txim siab ua raws li kev tsim qauv.

Tab sis nrog 3D luam ntawv ntawm verge ntawm kev faib khoom loj, ua cov khoom muaj peev xwm patent tsis yog ua los ntawm pawg tshawb fawb patent-searching lawm. Kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim kho tshiab - nws yog nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm txhua tus neeg yuav lub tshuab luam ntawv.

Raws li Michael Weinberg, tus kws lij choj rau pab pawg txhawb nqa kev ywj pheej hauv Is Taws Nem Public Knowledge, qhov kev hloov pauv no mus rau hauv pej xeem thaj av yuav muaj peev xwm nce tus lej ntawm kev txhaum cai tsis raug cai - cov xwm txheej uas cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev tsis paub txog kev ua txhaum cai patent.

Ib qho kev tsim ib zaug rau kev siv hauv tsev tsis zoo li rau kev lees paub tsab ntawv tso tseg, tab sis yog tias Internet tau qhia peb txhua yam, nws yog qhov uas peb nyiam qhia. Ib tug neeg uas tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab yooj yim tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab zoo upload tus qauv tsim rau kev sib koom, blissfully tsis paub tias nws yuav muab faib rau lwm tus tsim yam tsis tau tso cai.

Tab sis hmoov zoo, raws li ICPO, kev tiv thaiv patent khiav rau lub sijhawm luv dua li kev cai lij choj. Ib daim patent yuav raug tiv thaiv rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo. Tom qab ntawd, tus tsim yog nyob rau hauv pej xeem sau rau siv. Thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsis muaj patented inventions yog siab heev, tso cai rau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm legroom rau aspiring inventors stretch lawv cov tswv yim talons.

Xyoo tas los, tus kws tshaj lij Asmeskas Levin Golan tau siv 3D luam ntawv los ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov patents tas sij hawm, kev tshoov siab los ntawm qhov tsis zoo - cov khoom ua si ntawm nws tus tub muaj plaub xyoos. Golan xav ua lub tsheb khoom ua si tawm ntawm cov khoom ua si los ntawm ob qho khoom ua si - Tinkertoys thiab K'Nex , tab sis K'Nex lub log tsis tuaj yeem txuas rau Tinkertoys 'lub tsheb ncej. Tom qab ib xyoos ntawm kev npaj nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm yav dhau los, lawv tau tsim daim phiaj xwm uas muaj cov qauv tsim ntawm 45 daim yas txuas uas tuaj yeem txuas mus rau ntau cov khoom ua si tsim. Lawv hu ua Free Universal Construction Kit. Raws li lub ntsiab lus qhia, qhov no yog tsawg dua ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab ntau qhov kev ua phem rau cov tswv cuab kev txawj ntse.

Golan tau hais hauv Forbes tsab xov xwm Lub Plaub Hlis xyoo no tias "Peb yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej los tsim yam tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog kev ua txhaum cai, muaj nuj nqis, mus kaw lossis raug foob thiab raug thab plaub los ntawm kev lag luam loj," Golan tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm Forbes lub Plaub Hlis xyoo no. "Peb tsis xav pom dab tsi tshwm sim hauv suab paj nruag thiab zaj duab xis ua si hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov duab,"

Thiab tej zaum Golan yuav tau txais nws txoj kev xav. Kev luam tawm hauv 3D, zoo li, tuaj yeem pab tau zoo rau cov "kev lag luam loj" yog tias siv tau raug.

Manufacturing thiab Distribution

Feem ntau, nrog kev tsim cov qauv lossis ib qho khoom siv rau kev tsim khoom loj, kev sib cuam tshuam rov qab los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom yuav tsum tau ua. Kev luam tawm hauv 3D zoo heev ua rau cov txheej txheem no yooj yim los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv hauv computer, thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws luam tawm hauv tib hnub.

Los ntawm Mirsky txoj kev xav, qhov no yog ib kauj ruam ntawm txoj kev yog. Los ntawm kev txiav tawm qhov kev nqis peev ntxiv rau hauv cov nqi tsim khoom, uas tsis tsuas yog suav nrog kev tsim, tab sis hauv kev sim thiab kev faib tawm, nws yuav pab txhawb kev lag luam nrog cov tuam txhab me uas xav tau nyiaj tsawg rau kev pib. Kev lag luam muaj kev sib tw ntau dua tuaj yeem tsim tau, thiab tseem muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau txoj haujlwm qhib rau cov neeg tsim qauv lossis kev saib xyuas cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D.

Thiab Mirsky hais tias nws tsis ntseeg tias 3D luam ntawv yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau rau kev tsim khoom lag luam. Thaum 3D luam ntawv yuav muaj nws feem hauv diluting kev lag luam kev lag luam, nws hais tias, tsis yog txhua yam uas tuaj yeem luam tawm yuav ncav cuag txhua tus neeg siv khoom.

Muaj qhov teeb meem ntawm tus nqi thiab cov lus nug ntawm qhov nyuaj npaum li cas cov neeg siv khoom qib 3D tshuab luam ntawv tuaj yeem ua tau tiag tiag.

"Tam sim no lub tshuab luam ntawv hauv tsev uas tib neeg mus yog Makerbot," hais Mirsky. "Muaj ntau yam nws ua tau, tab sis ntau nws ua tsis tau. Muaj kev txwv ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho. Xav txog tus nqi nkag ntawm $ 2,200 las ntxiv rau cov khoom siv. Nws tsis pheej yig.

"Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias koj saib ntawm Thingiverse thiab cov qauv thiab saib ntawm qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom, ntau tus qauv tsim yog qhov tseem ceeb, ncaj ncaj. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no nws yuav tsis hloov qhov kev tsim khoom loj. "

Thiab tsim thiab kho tus tsim 3D tsis yooj yim li kho cov duab hauv Photoshop lossis iPhoto. Cov neeg siv khoom qib tsim software yog txwv tsis pub muaj qhov nws tuaj yeem tsim tau - qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov qauv yooj yim hauv cov duab, sib dhos, thiab qhov loj me. Kev tsim software ntau dua tsis yog tsuas yog siv nyiaj ntau xwb, nws yuav tsum muaj kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb kom siv tau zoo.

Qhov tseeb tiag, Mirsky hais tias nws pom daim ntawv thov ntawm lub tsev 3D tshuab luam ntawv yog ib txoj hauv kev los faib cov khoom hloov pauv rau cov khoom uas twb tau yuav lawm. Es tsis txhob tos ib yam khoom yuav tawm hauv Is Taws Nem kom xa tuaj, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov ntaub ntawv rub tawm thiab luam tawm tam sim ntawd. Feem ntau, txoj cai patent tsis txwv kev tsim cov khoom hloov pauv.

Lub neej yav tom ntej tsis paub meej

Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo no, Weinberg tau sau ntawv, "Nws Yuav Zoo Yog Lawv Tsis Screw It Up," saib rau yav tom ntej ntawm 3D luam ntawv hais txog kev cai lij choj kev txawj ntse. Nws hais txog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv kev cai yav tom ntej: nthuav tawm dab tsi ua rau kev ua txhaum cai.

Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim tawm hauv koj lub computer, khiav lub vev xaib uas tuav cov ntaub ntawv tsim, txhua yam uas muab cov neeg siv nkag tau yooj yim rau luam cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv - zoo li kev tawg rau ntawm qhov chaw me ntsis torrent, txhua yam yuav dhau los ua txhaum cai, sau Weinberg. Kev foob 3D tshuab luam ntawv cov tuam ntxhab ntawm thaj chaw uas lawv muab txoj hauv kev rau kev luam ntawv yog ua tau nkaus.

Tab sis txawm hais tias yav tom ntej tsis zoo li Weinberg zoo li kwv yees, Mirsky, los ntawm kev lag luam tas li "ripped-off" los ntawm kev sib faib cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug cai, tseem tsis txaus siab pom cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no tseem qhib thiab ncaj ncees raws li nws tuaj yeem ua tau - rau ob tog.

Mirsky hais tias: "Txhua lub sijhawm koj tso cai rau tib neeg los tsim, nws thawb kev tsim kho tshiab."