Ingabe intuthuko entsha ekwelashweni kwamasosha omzimba ingashintsha indlela esiphatha ngayo i-HIV?

Ngokwe-WHO, balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-36.7 abantu abane-HIV emhlabeni wonke. Leli gciwane libulala abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.1 ngonyaka, kodwa naphezu kwezigidigidi zamaRandi namashumi eminyaka ocwaningo, alikabikho ikhambi noma umuthi wokugoma.

Muva nje, abacwaningi base-Rockefeller University kanye ne-National Institute of Health benze ucwaningo ngegciwane elifanayo, i-SHIV (Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus), elitholakala ezinkawini, futhi bafakazela ukuthi inhlanganisela yamasosha omzimba anikezwa ngokushesha ngemva kokutheleleka ingasiza lowo obambe iqhaza ekulawuleni izifo. igciwane. Kodwa-ke, ukuze siqonde ukuthi lokhu kuphumelela kusho ukuthini ngekusasa le-HIV kubantu kufanele sibheke ukuthi igciwane lisebenza kanjani.   

Igciwane    

I-HIV igciwane elikhohlisayo. Ilandela amaseli amasosha akho omzimba-macrophages, dendritic cell, nama-T cell- bese igibela iphrotheni ebizwa nge-CD4. Lokhu kuvumela i-HIV ukuthi empeleni "ingenele" izivikelo zemvelo zomzimba wakho futhi ilawule impendulo yayo ngesikhathi sokutheleleka. Le nqubo ibangela ukuthi amangqamuzana omzimba abulawe. Leli gciwane lingabulala namangqamuzana angathinteki esimisweni sokuzivikela komzimba. Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, ngokusho kwe-CID, i-HIV ingashintsha izikhathi eziningi ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zokutheleleka kunawo wonke ama-influenza owaziwayo ngokuhlanganyela.   

Njengamanje, indlela esiphatha ngayo i-HIV kubantu nge-ART noma imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokuvimba i-HIV ukuthi ingaziphindaphindi, okuthi ngaphezu kokugcina amangqamuzana okuzivikela omzimba ephila futhi kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwegciwane. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lokwelapha lungashiya i-HIV icashile emzimbeni, futhi isilungele ukugxumela ngokushesha lapho ukwelashwa kuphazamiseka.  

Ucwaningo kanye nemiphumela   

Abacwaningi bathatha izinkawu eziyishumi nantathu bazijova nge-SHIV; ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva banikezwa imishanguzo ye-intravenous yamasosha omzimba amabili anciphisa ngobubanzi. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwakuthembisa, futhi inani legciwane egazini lehla laya cishe kumazinga angabonakali futhi lahlala kulelo qophelo izinsuku ezingama-56-177. I-crux yocwaningo yilokho okwabonwa lapho ukwelashwa sekuphelile futhi nezinkawu zingasenamasosha omzimba. Ekuqaleni, leli gciwane laphindela ezilwaneni eziyishumi nambili, kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-5-22 izinkawu eziyisithupha zaphinde zalawula ngokuzenzekelayo, amazinga azo ehla afika enanini elingabonakali, futhi zahlala lapho ezinye izinyanga ezingu-5-13. Ezinye izinkawu ezine azizange ziphinde zilawuleke ngokuphelele kodwa zibonise amazinga angashoni egciwane kanye namazinga anempilo amangqamuzana abalulekile amasosha omzimba. Sekukonke, izihloko eziyi-10 kweziyi-13 ezihlolwe zahlomula ekwelashweni.