I-twitter iwushintsha kanjani umdlalo wolwazi

Inkathi ye-hashtag ye-Twitter eveze ingxenye engaqinile engaqinile futhi enengqondo kasomahlaya u-Charlie Sheen (#winning!) kubukeka sengathi kudala kakhulu ngokwezinga lanamuhla lama-hashtag athrendayo. Eqinisweni, irekhodi likaSheen eliphula i-akhawunti ye-Twitter, okwathi phakathi nenani eliphakeme lazuza abalandeli abasondele ku-4000 ngomzuzu, yethulwa ngaphansi kweminyaka emine edlule. Esikhathini se-Twitter, nokho, inani lolwazi olukhiqizwa phakathi kosuku olulodwa nolunye lufaniswa nomehluko phakathi kokuqala kwenkathi ye-Palaeozoic kanye nokuphela kwenkathi ye-Cenozoic. Ngifana ne-hyperbolic lapha, kodwa uma i-tweet ngayinye ethunyelwe ku-Twitter bekumele imele unyaka owodwa wokwakheka komhlaba, khona-ke phakathi nosuku olulodwa i-Twitter izobe isineminyaka ecela ezigidini ezingu-500.

Ake sibheke eminye imininingwane. Ngosuku olumaphakathi, ngokusekelwe kudatha ngo- Izibalo Ezibukhoma Ze-inthanethi, cishe ama-tweets angu-5,700 athunyelwa ngomzuzwana (TPS), kuyilapho uma kuqhathaniswa, kunamakhophi angaba yizigidi ezingu-5 zamaphephandaba ansuku zonke asakazwa eCanada. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Twitter ibuyekeza ngolwazi olusha - kungaba izibuyekezo zansuku zonke ezivela kumngane wakho omkhulu noma izindaba zakamuva ezivela ku-Toronto Star - cishe izikhathi eziyikhulu kunephephandaba lakho lansuku zonke futhi ngezikhathi ezivamile bese inguqulo ye-inki nephepha ingagcina. phezulu nge. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungesinye sezizathu ezenza amaphephandaba amaningi kanye nezinye iziteshi zezindaba zendabuko zisanda kuthatha isinqumo sokunqotshwa isiphazamisi se-Twitter - okuletha incazelo entsha ngokuphelele esisho sakudala, uma ungakwazi ukuwahlula, joyina.

Imithombo yezindaba yendabuko yamukela inkundla yezokuxhumana ngendlela entsha ukuze ihlale ibalulekile emjahweni wolwazi osheshayo wanamuhla. Esinye sezigameko zakamuva kube yi-Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's (CBC) ukusabalala kokudutshulwa kukaNathan Cirillo ePhalamende Hill, e-Ottawa emuva ngo-Okthoba 2014. Intatheli kamabonakude ikwazile ukuthola ingxoxo neLungu lePhalamende uJohn McKay emahoreni ambalwa nje ngemuva kokwenzeka kwesigameko, wabe eselayisha ividiyo yenhlolokhono ku-Twitter yakhe ngokushesha nje lapho i-Q&A isiqedile.

Ngempela, lolu hlobo oluthile lwesibuyekezo se-Twitter lunganikeza umphakathi ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nemicimbi yakamuva, kodwa kube nezinye izimo lapho ulwazi lusatshalaliswa ku-Twitter ngendlela engathembekile. Esikhathini lapho ukuthumela isithombe ozishuthe sona ku-Twitter kulandela imithethonqubo efanayo ekuthumeleni ‘iqiniso’, kuvame ukuba nzima ngomuntu ukubona ukuthi imaphi ama-tweets akhuluma iqiniso nokuthi yimaphi angalazi.

UStephen Colbert, odume ngokuba usokhaya The Colbert Report, iye yafingqa ubunzima esibhekene nabo kule nkathi ekhulayo yeqiniso elisekelwe emibonweni, kunokuba umbono osekelwe eqinisweni, njengento ‘yeqiniso’.

"Kwakujwayele ukuthi, wonke umuntu wayenelungelo lombono wakhe, kodwa hhayi amaqiniso akhe," kuphawula uColbert. “Kodwa lokho akusenjalo. Amaqiniso awanandaba nhlobo. Umbono uyikho konke. Kuyiqiniso [okubalulekile].”

U-Colbert uthwebula lokho abaningi bethu abaqala ukukhathazeka ngakho, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokukholisa inkundla yezokuxhumana efana ne-Twitter engaba nayo kwezombusazwe zomhlaba. Isibonelo, i-Twitter ibonakale iwusizo kakhulu enhlanganweni yama-Arab Spring ngo-2011, lapho kufika kuma-tweets angu-230,000 athunyelwa ngosuku emazweni amabili ahilelekile, iTunisia ne-Egypt. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- I-hashtag #Jan25 Nayo ibithrenda kusukela ngoJanuwari 27, 2011 kuze kube nguFebhuwari 11, 2011 kanti usuku oluphakeme kakhulu kwaba wusuku olungemva kokuba uMengameli uMubarak esule. Kulokhu, ama-tweets asebenze ukuletha imininingwane evela endaweni yemibhikisho kubantu abalinde ekhaya, okwaba ngeyokuqala yezikhalazo zomphakathi ezizwakala emhlabeni wonke. Ngokungangabazeki, imiphumela yalesi siphithiphithi esingakaze sibonwe ibingeke ifezeke ngaphandle kwe-Twitter; kodwa nakuba kunemiphumela emibi eminingi emihle kulezi zihloko ezithrendayo, kunemiphumela engemihle elinganayo, noma engeyona esongela kakhulu, engemihle futhi.

Imikhankaso yezombangazwe, isibonelo, ibisebenzisa yona kanye le ndlela ukufihla ama-ajenda ayo phakathi komphakathi njengezinhlangano zangempela "zaphansi". Ekuqaleni, lokhu kungase kungabonakali kuyinkinga, njengoba abantu bahlale benenkululeko yokwenza ucwaningo lwabo futhi banqume ukuthi lawa ma-tweets anakho yini ukufaneleka kwangempela ngemuva kwawo. Nokho, ukuhlola okuningana okwenziwa eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwembula okuphambene. I-psychology yobuchopho bomuntu iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyilawula kunokuba sicabange ukuthi injalo.

In Umagazini wesayensi, isihloko sakamuva sibonisa imiphumela yocwaningo ngethonya lezibuyekezo ze-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi ezinhle, kusampula yabantu abangahleliwe. Bathole ukuthi imiphumela emihle idala “umphumela webhola leqhwa elikhohlisayo”, okusho nje ukuthi abantu banikeza ubufakazi obungeziwe emazwini aqondile ngaphandle kokuwabuza imibuzo bese beqhubeka nokukhokhela lokho kuvuma phambili. Ngokuphambene nalokhu, lapho ababambiqhaza balolu cwaningo befunda ukuphawula okungekuhle babengakunaki njengokungathenjwa futhi babenokungabaza kakhulu lokho kulandisa. Ekupheleni kocwaningo osolwazi be-MIT ababhali ngokuhlanganyela lolu cwaningo bathole ukuthi ukuphawula kwabo okuhle okuguquliwe babone ukwanda kokuduma, bathola isilinganiso esiphezulu esingu-25% esivela kwabanye abasebenzisi besayithi. Lokhu bekuyi-asymmetrical eziphethweni ezithathwe ekubuyekezweni okungekuhle - okusho ukuthi abantu mancane amathuba okuba bathonywe impendulo engemihle. Lokhu kuthinta ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezinto ezifana nezepolitiki, umkhakha lapho abacwaningi bathola khona ukuthi le ndlela “yokwelusa imibono” isebenza kahle.

Muva nje, iThe New Yorker yenze isici esifushane esinesihloko esithi, “Ukunyuka Kwe-Twitter Bots”, ngokubona kwami, iveze ngendlela efanayo odabeni olumayelana neqhaza elingafanele lenkundla yezokuxhumana engase idlale ekwakhiweni kwemibono yabantu ngamaqembu athile ezepolitiki. Ukugxila kwabo, nokho, bekuwukugqama kakhulu kuma-bot e-Twitter okwenziwa angakwazi ukwehlukanisa imininingwane evela kokuphakelayo okuyinhloko kwe-Twitter bese be-retweet futhi bathumele 'njengolwazi' lwabo siqu besebenzisa ulimi lwamakhodi ahlukile ku-bot ngayinye. I-Twitter bots nayo ingalandela futhi iphawule kuma-tweets isebenzisa amakhodi awo, kanti abanye bakwazi ngisho nokusabalalisa amaqiniso angamanga; isib. i-Twitter bot @factbot1 yayiklanyelwe ukukhombisa ukuthi izithombe eziku-inthanethi zisetshenziswa kanjani ukuze zibe ubufakazi ‘bamaqiniso’ angasekelwe kakhulu. Noma lawa mabhothi e-Twitter angabhekwa njengemithombo yokusungula izinto ezintsha, aphinde asongele ngokubhala inkundla ye-Twitter ngezilungiso ezingenangqondo (ngokwesibonelo, @stealthmountain izokulungisa lapho usebenzise kabi igama elithi “sneak peak”) futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu ukwakha izithakazelo zomphakathi ngamanga enkampanini noma emkhankasweni wepolitiki.

Iqiniso kade eluphenya lolu daba. Le nhlangano yinkampani yocwaningo esezinze eNyuvesi yase-Indian eyanikezwa uxhaso lwama- $920,000 phakathi nobude beminyaka emine ukuze itadishe imiphumela yama-meme e-inthanethi adumile, okungaba yinoma yini ukusuka kuma-hashtag kuya ezihlokweni zengxoxo ezihamba phambili. Baphinde banikezwa umsebenzi ongathandwa kakhulu wokubona ukuthi yimaphi ama-akhawunti e-Twitter ayengawangempela futhi ayengama-bots. Igama elithi 'okungathandwa' lisetshenziswe njengoba izinhlangano eziningi zezombusazwe bezilokhu zisebenzisa la mabhothi e-Twitter ukuze zithole intshisekelo yomphakathi esihlokweni noma umcimbi ohlobene nomkhankaso wazo. Ngokudalula lawa mabhothi ‘njengangokwenziwa’, kungase kuholele ekutheni inhlangano ilahlekelwe umfutho umkhankaso wayo owawuzuzwe ‘ekubhebhethekeni’ okugxilile kokunakwa ababekuqoqe nge-bot, futhi ekugcineni ilahlekelwe ukwethenjwa komphakathi kanye nombono omuhle.

Futhi ngenkathi impikiswano ngomsebenzi kaTruthy iqala ukukhula, abakutholile sekuqalile ukukhombisa amaphethini amahle athokozisayo maqondana nokuthi kungani ama-meme e-inthanethi asakazeka kanjani. Esifundweni esikhishwe kuTwitter wabo emuva maphakathi noNovemba, umnikeli weQiniso u-Filippo Menczer uchaze ukuthi ucwaningo lwabo luye lwafakazela kanjani ukuthi, "[a] abasebenzisi abadumile, abakhuthele, nabanamandla bavame ukudala izinqamuleli ezisekelwe kuthrafikhi, okwenza inqubo yokusabalalisa ulwazi isebenze kahle kunethiwekhi. ”. Egameni le-layman, kusho ukuthi uma u-tweet njalo futhi unesilinganiso esikhulu sabalandeli enanini labantu obalandelayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhiqize lokho okuchazwa yi-Truthy njengezinqamuleli zenethiwekhi, noma lokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi “ama-retweets. ”. Laba basebenzisi abagxile kulwazi yibo futhi abaphila isikhathi eside futhi bazoba nomthelela omkhulu kunkundla yezokuxhumana. Ingabe incazelo izwakala ijwayelekile?

I-Twitter bots yilokho ucwaningo lwe-Truthy olusongela ukukhuphula ngokudalula ukuthi asetshenziselwa ukubhula ngezinkanyezi; indlela esetshenziswa imikhankaso yezepolitiki nezinhlangano lapho zizifihla khona ngemuva kwabantu abambalwa ukuze bakhe umqondo ongamanga womnyakazo 'waphansi' (yingakho igama elithi astroturf). Ngokutadisha ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana futhi ikakhulukazi indlela ama-meme e-inthanethi aqala ngayo ukuduma, i-Truthy izama ukufundisa umphakathi kangcono ngemithombo abawathola kuyo amaqiniso okucatshangwa ukuthi bawatholile nokuthi baduma kanjani kwasekuqaleni.

Okuxakayo ukuthi ngenxa yalokhu, i-Truthy isanda kugxekwa yizona izandla ezaqala ukuzichaza ngendlela enhle njengesizinda esiklanyelwe ukwandisa ulwazi lomphakathi: abezindaba. Ngo-August odlule, kwaba khona isimo esibucayi isihloko esishicilelwe ku-Washington Free Beacon eyachaza i-Truthy njengokuthi, "isizindalwazi esiku-inthanethi esizolandelela 'imininingwane engamanga' nenkulumo enenzondo ku-Twitter". Lo mkhuba ubambeke okomlilo wequbula, njengoba imisakazo eminingi yezindaba ikhipha izindaba ezifanayo ezapenda iqembu labacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yase-Indiana njengabafisa ukuba ngabazalwane abakhulu. Lokhu ngokusobala bekungewona umgomo owabekwa abasunguli, futhi njengoba usosayensi oholayo kulo msebenzi, uFilippo Menczer, ephume ukusho ekuqaleni kwale nyanga ngo. ingxoxo neScience Insider, lokhu "akukona nje ukungaqondi kahle kocwaningo lwethu...(uwu) umzamo wamabomu wokuhlanekezela esikwenzile."

Ngakho-ke ekuphendukeni okunonya kwesiphetho, ukusebenza kanzima kukaTruthy kungase kube ize njengoba isithunzi sabo singcoliswa yiyona mithombo yezindaba abadelela yona ngokusakaza imininingwane engamanga ukuze banyakazise umbono womphakathi. Njengoba abacwaningi beqala ukukhipha iziphetho zabo kuphrojekthi yabo, (ulwazi ongathola ngalo izibuyekezo ezibukhoma ngokulandela i-akhawunti yabo ye-Twitter, @truthyatindiana) baphinde bangene esigabeni esisha somsebenzi wabo, esizobandakanya okwengeziwe ekwakheni kabusha isithunzi sabo emphakathini. Kule nkundla yezokuxhumana ye-wormholes kanye nama-blackholes, ukuwina kubonakala kuwukwakhiwa kwentuthu nezibuko, futhi izinkinga zihlala zihlangene nawe; ikakhulukazi, kubonakala sengathi, uma uneqiniso ohlangothini lwakho.