Izilinganiso zentela zomhlaba wonke kanye nomhlaba osathuthuka: Ingabe ubuncane bentela bomhlaba wonke bulungile kumnotho osafufusa?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• December 6, 2022

Izinga lentela elincane lomhlaba wonke lixazulula izinselele eziningi ezingapheli zokugwema intela, kodwa futhi lingabeka imiphumela eyingozi emazweni asathuthuka. Nokho, uma isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, intela yomhlaba wonke ingase isize ekulinganiseni ukusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo kuwo wonke amazwe.

Izilinganiso zentela zomhlaba wonke kanye nengqikithi yamazwe asathuthuka

Ngo-Okthoba 2021, abaholi be-G-20 baphothula isivumelwano esisha sentela yomhlaba wonke esikhawulela ukugwema intela kwamabhizinisi ezizwe ngezizwe (ama-MNE) noma izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe (MNCs). Isivumelwano, okwaxoxiswana ngaso yi-OECD (Inhlangano Yezokubambisana Kwezomnotho Nentuthuko) futhi samukelwa amazwe nezindawo eziyi-137 (ekwaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi Uhlaka Olubandakanyayo noma i-IF), simele amashumi eminyaka emizamo yokuchibiyela izinqubomgomo zentela zamazwe ngamazwe. "Isivumelwano se-IF" sidala amalungelo amasha entela kungakhathalekile ukuthi i-MNC ikuphi kanye nentela encane yomhlaba wonke engenayo yebhizinisi engamaphesenti ayi-15 ezinkampanini ezinkulu emhlabeni. Leli su linemigomo emibili eyinhloko. Esokuqala siwukudala izintela ezivuselelwe zama-MNC amakhulu (isb., i-Facebook, i-Google), kanti okwesibili uwukusungula isilinganiso esiyisisekelo nendlela yokwenza intela yebhizinisi encane yomhlaba wonke.

Kodwa-ke, nakuba i-G-20 ibheke lolu hlelo lwentela njengengqophamlando, amanye amazwe asathuthuka awaqinisekanga kangako, futhi amanye amazwe asathuthuka akhathazeka ngokuthi amazwe athuthukile azothola izintela ezengeziwe kuma-MNCs. Ukwengeza, amazwe anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi (ama-LMIC) kungase kudingeke alahle izintela zesevisi yedijithali yesikhathi esizayo ukuze athole indlela engcono esekelwe kufomula yokunciphisa imali engenayo. Ngokusho kwe-Brookings think-tank, ifomula ekhona izohlinzeka amazwe e-G-7—okuhlanganisa amaphesenti angu-10 kuphela abantu bomhlaba—ngamaphesenti angu-60 emali engenayo yentela elinganiselwa ku-$150 billion. Ngamanye amazwi, amazwe e-LMIC ayacelwa ukuthi asayine isivumelwano esiphoqelela ngokomthetho ukuze athole umphumela wemali engenayo engaqinisekile futhi ephansi.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi intela yomhlaba wonke ingaba nomthelela ongemuhle wokukhuthaza "ukuhlengwa kabusha" kwenzuzo kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kuthambekela bekungenzeka uma izikhungo zokutshala izimali zaphesheya kwezilwandle, njenge-Cayman Islands, Bermuda, noma i-British Virgin Islands, zingasenazo izintela ezincishisiwe noma ezingenakho zama-MNCs. Ephendula intela yomhlaba wonke ehlongozwayo, amazwe amaningana aselindele ushintsho esihlokweni sezinga lawo lentela yebhizinisi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kubenze bangathandeki kuma-MNCs, okuholela ekutshalweni kwezimali phesheya kolwandle kwabiwe kabusha. Okunye okungahle kuhlomule ngentela yomhlaba wonke ukuthi ama-MNC azophoqeleka ukuthi akhokhe izintela lapho ezuza khona ngokusebenza. Ngemva kweminyaka yokunikeza ukukhululwa enteleni kubatshalizimali, izinhlangano, noma izifunda, amazwe asathuthuka manje anezinkampani ezinkulu ezimbalwa ezinezilinganiso eziphezulu zentela ezisebenza ngempumelelo. 

Nokho, ukuze kuzuze emithelela yesikhathi esizayo yentela yomhlaba wonke entsha, amazwe asathuthuka angase adinge ukuhlola izinqubomgomo zawo zentela nezokutshalwa kwezimali ukuze anqume ukuthi yiziphi izikhuthazo ezizothinteka kakhulu futhi aziguqule. Izikweletu zentela zivame ukufakwa emthethweni, emithethweni, ezinkontilekeni, noma kwamanye amadokhumenti omthetho, izigaba zokuqina ezingawavikela. Lezi zinhlinzeko zivame ukunikeza izinxephezelo zentela eziyinselele yoshintsho, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi aseqalile. 

Imithelela yezinga lentela elincane lomhlaba wonke emazweni asathuthuka

Imithelela ebanzi yezinga lentela lebhizinisi elincane emhlabeni wonke emazweni asathuthuka ingase ihlanganise: 

• Amazwe anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi asebenza kancane ukuze asebenzise le ntela ngokusemthethweni. Kunalokho, ohulumeni bangase baguqule izinhlelo zabo zentela ngobudlova ukuze bathole imali eningi.
• Amanye ama-MNC angase ahoxe emazweni ezomnotho asafufusa, okuholela ekwehleni kwamathuba omsebenzi nokutshalwa kwezimali emazweni asathuthuka.
• Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe eziphikisana nenqubomgomo yentela yomhlaba wonke, nakuba ezinye zingase zisebenze nohulumeni bazo ukuze kuxoxiswane ngokukhululwa noma uxhaso.
• Amafemu entela ahlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sokusiza ama-MNC ukuthi azulazule ezinhlinzekweni zentela zomhlaba ezithuthukayo.
• Izithiyo ekusetshenzisweni kwentela njengamaqembu ezombusazwe kanye neziphathimandla zifaka umshikashika ngemibandela ethile. Isibonelo, e-US, kusukela ngo-2021, i-Republican Party iphikisana nentela yomhlaba wonke, kanti i-Democratic Party iyayisekela.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Uma usebenzela imboni yentela, ucabanga ukuthi le ntela encane yomhlaba wonke ingumqondo omuhle?
• Yiziphi ezinye izithiyo ezingaba khona kulolu hlelo lwentela?