European AI regulation: Kuyesa kusunga AI umunthu

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• June 13, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Bungwe la European Commission (EC) likuyesetsa kukhazikitsa mfundo zoyendetsera nzeru zamakono (AI), pofuna kupewa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito molakwika m’madera monga kufufuza ndi deta ya ogula. Kusunthaku kwadzetsa mkangano m'makampani aukadaulo ndipo kutha kubweretsa njira yolumikizana ndi US, yomwe ikufuna kukopa padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, malamulowa amathanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka, monga kuchepetsa mpikisano wamsika komanso kusokoneza mwayi wantchito mu gawo laukadaulo.

European AI regulation nkhani

EC yakhala ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga mfundo zoteteza zinsinsi za data komanso ufulu wapaintaneti. Posachedwapa, kuyang'ana uku kwakula ndikuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino matekinoloje a AI. EC ikuda nkhawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa kwa AI m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kusonkhanitsa deta ya ogula mpaka kuwunika. Pochita izi, bungweli likufuna kukhazikitsa mfundo za chikhalidwe cha AI, osati mu EU mokha komanso kuti zikhale chitsanzo kwa dziko lonse lapansi.

Mu Epulo 2021, EC idachitapo kanthu potulutsa malamulo omwe amawunika momwe ma AI amafunsira. Malamulowa adapangidwa kuti aletse kugwiritsa ntchito AI pakuwunika, kupitiliza kukondera, kapena kuponderezana ndi maboma kapena mabungwe. Makamaka, malamulowa amaletsa machitidwe a AI omwe amatha kuvulaza anthu mwakuthupi kapena m'maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, machitidwe a AI omwe amasokoneza khalidwe la anthu kudzera mu mauthenga obisika saloledwa, komanso machitidwe omwe amapezerapo mwayi pa chiwopsezo cha thupi kapena chamaganizo cha anthu.

Pamodzi ndi izi, EC yakhazikitsanso ndondomeko yolimba kwambiri pazomwe imawona ngati "zowopsa" za AI. Awa ndi mapulogalamu a AI omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo omwe amakhudza kwambiri chitetezo ndi thanzi la anthu, monga zida zachipatala, zida zachitetezo, ndi zida zachitetezo. Ndondomekoyi ikufotokoza zofunikira zowunikira kafukufuku, ndondomeko yovomerezeka, ndi kuwunika kosalekeza pambuyo poti machitidwewa atumizidwa. Makampani monga chizindikiritso cha biometric, zomangamanga zofunikira, ndi maphunziro alinso pansi pa ambulera iyi. Makampani omwe amalephera kutsatira malamulowa akhoza kukumana ndi chindapusa chambiri, mpaka USD $32 miliyoni kapena 6 peresenti ya ndalama zomwe amapeza pachaka padziko lonse lapansi.

Zosokoneza

Makampani opanga ukadaulo awonetsa nkhawa za dongosolo la EC loyang'anira AI, ponena kuti malamulo otere amatha kulepheretsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo. Otsutsa amasonyeza kuti tanthawuzo la machitidwe a AI "oopsa kwambiri" muzitsulo sizomveka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, makampani akuluakulu aukadaulo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito AI pamayendedwe ochezera a pa TV kapena kutsatsa komwe akutsata satchulidwa kuti "owopsa," ngakhale kuti mapulogalamuwa amalumikizidwa kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wa anthu monga mabodza komanso kusokoneza. Bungwe la EC likutsutsa izi ponena kuti mabungwe oyang'anira mayiko mkati mwa dziko lililonse la EU adzakhala ndi chigamulo chomaliza pa zomwe zili pangozi yaikulu, koma njirayi ingayambitse kusagwirizana m'mayiko onse omwe ali mamembala.

European Union (EU) sikuchita padera; ikufuna kugwirizanitsa ndi US kukhazikitsa mulingo wapadziko lonse wa AI ethics. The US Senate's Strategic Competition Act, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu Epulo 2021, ikufunanso mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi kuti athane ndi "ulamuliro wa digito," zomwe zimanenedwa pobisa zomwe China amagwiritsa ntchito ma biometric pakuwunika anthu ambiri. Mgwirizanowu wa transatlantic ukhoza kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe cha AI padziko lonse lapansi, komanso umadzutsa mafunso okhudza momwe mikhalidwe yotere ingakhazikitsire padziko lonse lapansi. Kodi mayiko omwe ali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pazachinsinsi za data ndi ufulu wa munthu payekha, monga China ndi Russia, angatsatire malangizowa, kapena kodi izi zingapangitse kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe cha AI?

Ngati malamulowa atakhala lamulo pakati pa kumapeto kwa 2020s, atha kukhala ndi vuto pamakampani aukadaulo ndi ogwira ntchito ku EU. Makampani omwe akugwira ntchito ku EU angasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito zosintha izi padziko lonse lapansi, kugwirizanitsa ntchito zawo zonse ndi miyezo yatsopanoyi. Komabe, mabungwe ena atha kuwona kuti malamulowo ndi olemetsa kwambiri ndikusankha kuchoka pamsika wa EU kwathunthu. Zochitika zonsezi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo pazantchito mu gawo laukadaulo la EU. Mwachitsanzo, kutuluka kwamakampani ambiri kungayambitse kutayika kwa ntchito, pomwe kugwirizana kwapadziko lonse ndi miyezo ya EU kungapangitse kuti ntchito zaukadaulo zochokera ku EU zikhale zapadera komanso kukhala zamtengo wapatali.

Zotsatira zakuwonjezeka kwa AI ku Europe

Zomwe EC ikufuna kuwongolera AI ingaphatikizepo:

• EU ndi US kupanga mgwirizano wotsimikizirana zamakampani a AI, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale miyezo yogwirizana yomwe makampani ayenera kutsatira, posatengera komwe ali.
• Kukula m'gawo lapadera la kafukufuku wa AI, wolimbikitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa makampani azinsinsi ndi mabungwe aboma kuti awonetsetse kuti malamulo atsopano akutsatira.
• Mayiko ndi mabizinesi ochokera kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene akupeza mwayi wopeza ntchito za digito zomwe zimatsatira mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino za AI zokhazikitsidwa ndi mayiko aku Western, zomwe zitha kukweza ubwino ndi chitetezo cha mautumikiwa.
• Kusintha kwamitundu yamabizinesi kuti aziyika patsogolo machitidwe a AI, kukopa ogula omwe akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi zinsinsi za data komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakhalidwe abwino.
• Maboma omwe amatengera AI muzantchito zaboma monga chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi mayendedwe molimba mtima, podziwa kuti matekinolojewa amakwaniritsa miyezo yokhazikika.
• Kuchulukitsa kwandalama pamapulogalamu ophunzirira kumayang'ana pa AI yokhazikika, ndikupanga m'badwo watsopano wa akatswiri aukadaulo omwe amadziwa bwino luso la AI komanso malingaliro abwino.
• Zoyambitsa zing'onozing'ono zaukadaulo zomwe zimayang'anizana ndi zolepheretsa kulowa chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa kutsata malamulo, zomwe zingalepheretse mpikisano ndikupangitsa kuphatikizika kwa msika.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukukhulupirira kuti maboma akuyenera kuwongolera ukadaulo wa AI ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito?
• Kodi kuchulukitsitsa kwaulamuliro mkati mwaukadaulo waukadaulo kungakhudze bwanji momwe makampani amagwirira ntchito?