Khethollo ea lipatlisiso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso: Mefokolo ea batho e kenellang ho saense ea liphatsa tsa lefutso

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• December 14, 2021

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Ho notlolla liphiri tsa DNA ea rona ke leeto le monate, empa ke leeto leo hajoale le khelohileng ho batho ba litloholo tsa Europe, e leng se lebisang ho se tšoane ho ka bang teng bophelong. Leha ho na le mefuta e mengata ea liphatsa tsa lefutso lefatšeng ka bophara, liphuputso tse ngata tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho sehlopha se senyenyane sa baahi, ka mokhoa o sa lemoheng se khothalletsang meriana e thehiloeng morabe le liphekolo tse ka bang kotsi. Ho rarolla sena, ho ntse ho tsoela pele matsapa a ho fapanyetsana datha tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, ka sepheo sa ho ntlafatsa sephetho sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bakeng sa bohle le ho khothaletsa tekano liphuputsong tsa genomic.

Boemo ba leeme la lipatlisiso tsa genome

Leha litaba tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li le teng ka lebaka la bongata ba lisebelisoa tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa Do-it-yourself (DIY), boholo ba DNA eo bo-rasaense ba e sebelisang bakeng sa liphuputso tse batsi e tsoa ho batho ba litloholo tsa Europe. Mokhoa ona o ka lebisa ho phekolo ea morabe ka boomo, ho hlahlojoa hampe le phekolo e kotsi.

Ho latela koranta ea saense Cell, batho ba mehleng ena ba bile teng Afrika lilemong tse fetang 300,000 80,000 tse fetileng ’me ba hasana le k’honthinente eohle. Litloholo tse seng kae li ile tsa tloha k'honthinenteng eo lilemong tse ka bang 2018 78 tse fetileng, li falla ho pholletsa le lefatše 'me li nka karolo e itseng feela ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa ba tlileng pele ho tsona. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li shebane haholo le karoloana eo. Ka selemo sa 12, liperesente tse XNUMX tsa lisampole tsa genome-wide Association (GWAS) li ne li tsoa Europe. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba Europe le litloholo tsa bona ba etsa karolo ea XNUMX lekholong feela ea baahi ba lefatše. 

Ho ea ka bafuputsi, boitsebiso bo nang le leeme la liphatsa tsa lefutso bo etsa hore bo-rasaense le lingaka ba hlokomele mathata kapa ba fane ka phekolo e loketseng batho ba nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa Europe empa eseng bakeng sa batho ba merabe e meng. Mokhoa ona o boetse o tsejoa e le meriana ea morabe. Litsebi tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li lumela hore ho se lekane ha bophelo bo botle ho tla mpefala ha feela litlaleho tse itseng tsa morabe li behoa pele. Le hoja batho ba arolelana karolo ea 99.9 lekholong ea DNA ea bona, phapang eo ea 0.1 lekholong e bakoang ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse sa tšoaneng e ka ba taba ea bophelo le lefu.

Tšusumetso e senyang 

Ho ea ka setsebi sa liphatsa tsa lefutso sa Broad Institute Alicia Martin, Maafrika a Amerika a atisa ho ba le mekhoa ea khethollo ea morabe lefapheng la bongaka. Ka lebaka leo, ha ba na monyetla oa ho tšepa batho ba sebetsang meriana. Leha ho le joalo, bothata bona ha bo bakoe feela ke khethollo ea morabe; leeme le lona le na le seabo. Ka lebaka leo, liphello tsa bophelo bo botle li nepahetse ka makhetlo a mane ho isa ho a mahlano ho batho ba nang le litloholo tsa Europe ho feta tsa batho ba Afrika. Martin o re ha se bothata feela ho batho ba lefa la Afrika empa ke taba ea motho e mong le e mong.

H3Africa ke mokhatlo o lekang ho lokisa lekhalo lena la genomic. Boikitlaetso bona bo fa bafuputsi mekhoa ea motheo e hlokahalang ho phetha lipatlisiso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho fumana lichelete tsa koetliso. E 'ngoe ea merero ea mokhatlo ke hore bafuputsi ba Maafrika ba khone ho bokella lintlha tse amanang le lintho tse tlang pele ho saense sebakeng seo. Monyetla ona ha o ba lumelle feela ho etsa lipatlisiso ka litaba tse amanang le genomics empa hape e le baetapele ba ho phatlalatsa liphuputso mabapi le lihlooho tsena.

Ho sa le joalo, lifeme tse ling li na le merero e ts'oanang le ea H3Africa. Mohlala, 54gene e qalang ea Nigeria e sebetsa le lipetlele tsa Afrika ho bokella lisampole tsa DNA bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa lefutso. Ho sa le joalo, UK National Institutes of Health e bokella bonyane lisampole tsa DNA tse limilione tse 1 ho tsoa ho baahi ba fapaneng ba US ho loants'a taolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa Europe polokelong ea eona.

Litlamorao tsa leeme la lipatlisiso tsa genomic

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa leeme la lipatlisiso tsa genomic li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Keketseho ea leeme litabeng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo, lingaka li sa khone ho fumana le ho phekola bakuli ba merabe e fapaneng habonolo joalo ka lihlopha tse ling tsa baahi.
• Tlhahiso ea lithethefatsi tse sa sebetseng hantle le liphekolo tse amang merabe e fokolang ka mokhoa o sa lekanyetsoang.
• Batho ba fokolang ba ka ba le khethollo e seng molaong ke lik'hamphani tsa inshorense le bafani ba bang ba litšebeletso ka lebaka la ho hloka kutloisiso ea genomic bakeng sa batho ba fokolang.
• Mefuta ea hona joale le ea nakong e tlang ea khethollo ea morabe kapa ea merabe e ntse e lebisa tlhokomelo ho liphatsa tsa lefutso, e hlohlelletsoang ke ho hloka kutloisiso ea genomic bakeng sa ba fokolang.
• Tahlehelo ea menyetla bakeng sa bo-rasaense ba batlisisang liphatsa tsa lefutso tse sa arotsoeng, tse lebisang ho litšitiso tse ngata tsa tekano lipatlisisong tsa genomic.
• Linaha tse ngata li sebelisana 'moho ho fapanyetsana libanka tsa tsona tsa sechaba ho arabela linyatso tse ntseng li eketseha mabapi le lipatlisiso tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle.
• Patlisiso e ntlafalitsoeng ea lithethefatsi le kalafo e nahanang ka batho ba bang, e bula menyetla bakeng sa lifeme tsa biotech le pharma.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Ke hobane'ng ha u nahana hore ho na le khaello ea menyetla ea hore bo-rasaense ba ithute ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fapaneng? 
• Na u nahana hore bo-ramahlale ba lokela ho sheba hape lipatlisiso tsa nakong e fetileng ka lehloeo la leeme la morabe le morabe? 
• Ke maano afe a lokelang ho nchafatsoa ka har'a lefapha la lipatlisiso tsa genomic ho etsa hore liphumano tsa lona li kenyelle batho bohle ba fokolang?