Asayansi akugwiritsa ntchito anthu otchuka kuti afotokoze uthenga wa kusintha kwa nyengo

Nkhani yotsutsana kwambiri yasayansi pazaka ziwiri zapitazi zakusintha kwanyengo ndi chenjezo lapadziko lonse lapansi. Chenjezo lapadziko lonse lakhala likukambidwa pa chakudya chamadzulo cha banja lanu, ku bar ndi anzanu, komanso pa imodzi mwa maphunziro anu aku koleji. Funso lenileni limene anthu akhala akukangana ndi lakuti ngati kutentha kwa dziko kuli kwenikweni kapena nthano chabe.

Lingaliro limodzi ndi ili: asayansi amakhulupirira kwambiri kuti kutentha kwa dziko kumapangidwa ndi anthu. Kuyambira Novembala 2012 mpaka Disembala 2013, pakhala zolemba 2,258 zowunikiridwa ndi anzawo zanyengo ndi olemba 9,136. Olemba onse a 9,136, kupatula mlembi mmodzi wochokera ku Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, anakana chiphunzitso cha kutentha kwa dziko ndi chopangidwa ndi anthu - zomwe zimachititsa kuti 0.01 peresenti ya asayansi akhulupirire kuti kutentha kwa dziko sikuchitika. Zolemba zanyengo zowunikiridwa ndi anzawo kuyambira 1991 mpaka November 12, 2012, nkhani zonse 13,950 ndi nkhani 24 zokha zomwe zinakana chiphunzitsocho. 

Koma, tiyeni tione maganizo ena: Mamembala 130 a Republican a House of Representatives kapena 56 peresenti ya msonkhanowo anena poyera kuti kutentha kwa dziko si chenicheni. Maseneta 30 aku Republican kapena 65 peresenti amakhulupiriranso kuti kutentha kwapadziko lonse sikuchitika. Izi ndizokwana 160 mwa 278 osankhidwa a Republican omwe amatsutsa chiphunzitso cha kutentha kwa dziko lapansi ndi anthu - chiwerengero cha 58 peresenti. Choncho, tikhoza kunena kuti ambiri a Republican ndi "otsutsa nyengo."

Achi Republican amalankhula kwambiri ngati okana nyengo ndipo ali okonzeka kuyitanitsa aliyense amene amasiyana nawo. Mlembi wa boma a John Kerry posachedwapa adanena kuti kusintha kwa nyengo ndi "chida chachikulu chowonongera anthu ambiri." Anthu aku Republican Pat Robertson, Newt Gingrich, ndi a John McCain adachita mantha ndi zomwe Kerry adanena ndipo adamuwukira pawayilesi komanso pawailesi yakanema. Gingrich adathirira ndemanga pazama TV kuti Kerry sakukhudzana ndi zenizeni ndipo ali m'dziko longopeka. Senator John McCain adati adatsala pang'ono kukayikira ngati iye ndi Kerry ali padziko lapansi ndipo Kerry sayenera kuyang'ana chilengedwe.

Kubwerera ku ziwerengero: 58 peresenti ya aku Republican motsutsana ndi 0.01 peresenti ya asayansi akukana kutentha kwa dziko - ndiye malire akulu. N’chifukwa chiyani sitingagwirizane? Ndipo ngati sitingagwirizane, kodi tidzatani ndi vuto la chilengedwe m'tsogolomu?

Popeza andale nthawi zambiri amatengera nzika zambiri kuganiza kuti zili zolondola. Pachifukwa ichi, andale akulimbikitsa nzika kuti zikhulupirire kuti ndizolondola pakusintha kwanyengo popanda kupereka chilichonse chowunikiridwa ndi anzawo kuti atsimikizire kukana kwawo. Kwa asayansi, sizikumveka ndipo anthu ambiri alibe nthawi kapena kuleza mtima kuti awerenge nkhani yowunikira anzawo asayansi. Ngati ndi choncho, mfundo sizingachitike pankhani ya kutentha kwa dziko chifukwa andale ali ndi mawu akulu kuposa momwe asayansi amachitira.

Asayansi lero akhazikitsa njira yatsopano yoti kusanthula kwawo kumveke ndikufalitsa otsutsa nyengo. Njirayi ikupangitsa kuti anthu otchuka azilankhula za kutentha kwa dziko.

Anthu otchuka pa kutentha kwa dziko

Zaka Zokhala Zowopsa *, nkhani zapawailesi yakanema wa magawo 9, zomwe zidawulutsidwa pa Showtime, zidakambirana zakusintha kwanyengo komanso mkangano wapagulu womwe wazungulira. James Cameron, Jerry Weintraub, Daniel Abbasi, ndi Arnold Schwarzenegger ndi omwe akuwongolera.

Zolembazo zimakhala ndi anthu otchuka, monga ofufuza omwe amapita kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi komanso ku United States konse komwe kwakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa dziko. Chigawo chilichonse, munthu wotchuka amafunsa akatswiri ndi anthu okhala m'maderawa momwe akukhudzidwira, kugwedezeka kwa kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi kufunafuna mayankho. Anthu otchuka akuphatikizapo Harrison Ford, Jessica Alba, Don Cheadle, ndi Schwarzenegger.

Arnold Schwarzenegger adachitapo kanthu chifukwa wakhala akufunsa chifukwa chake nkhani ya kusintha kwa nyengo siinagwirizane kwambiri ndi anthu, ngakhale machenjezo ochokera kwa asayansi.

"Ndikuganiza kuti kayendetsedwe ka zachilengedwe kokha kungakhale kopambana ngati tikhala ophweka komanso omveka bwino ndikupanga nkhani yaumunthu. Tidzafotokozera nkhani za anthu mu polojekitiyi. Asayansi sakanatha kupeza mtundu wa chidwi chomwe wina muwonetsero wamalonda amapeza, "adatero. Schwarzenegger

Schwarzenegger adakambirananso za kusowa kwa chidwi kwa asayansi omwe akupeza ndi zomwe apeza pakusintha kwanyengo. Komabe maganizo a ndale amafalitsidwa kwambiri m’manyuzipepala. Iye adanena kuti vutoli linali uthenga womveka bwino komanso kukhala ndi amithenga abwino, omveka bwino kuposa asayansi, "Nthawi zonse ndinkadabwa chifukwa chake uthenga uwu sumalowa. Mwinamwake asayansi ayenera kutenga kalasi yochita masewero ..."

Mwina Schwarzenegger adapeza mfundo. Mwina ngati asayansi atenga makalasi ochita masewero, kuvala zovala za Tom Ford ndi Givenchy, ndikuyamba chibwenzi ndi nyenyezi ya ku Hollywood, mwinamwake tingayambe kumvetsera kwa iwo. Komabe, chidwi cha asayansi tsopano ndichoti anthu otchuka azilankhula uthenga wawo.

Heidi Cullen, CEO wanthawi yayitali komanso mtolankhani wotsogola wa Climate Central, ndi Joe Romm, wolemba zanyengo komanso katswiri wazofufuza, ndi alangizi akulu a sayansi pazolemba. Cullen adati otchuka amayenera kugwira ntchito ngati "proxies" kwa owonera wamba, kufunsa mafunso, ndikuwunika zomwe sizikudziwika. "Iwo akuwonjezera, 'malingaliro atsopano'… okonza ndi opanga onse amasamala kwambiri kapena kuchepera kulanda sayansi moyenera," adatero.

Kukhala ndi anthu otchuka ngati ma proxies kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yobweretsera uthenga wa kutentha kwa dziko kwa nzika zonse, popeza tidakhazikika pa nyenyezi imodzi yaku Hollywood. Zaka Zokhala Moopsa sikoyamba kuyesa kukhala ndi anthu otchuka ngati ma proxies kuti akambirane za kusintha kwa nyengo. Ngati tingakumbukire, zolemba zakale za Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Al Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, zomwe zidawonetsedwa m'malo owonetsera makanema padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zidapambana Mphotho ya Academy mu 2006 ya Best Documentary Film, zidachita bwino kwambiri powonetsa zakusintha kwanyengo kwa anthu ambiri ndikuwerenga bukuli. omvera.

Kupatula apo, sitingaiwale chaka chotsatira mu 2007, filimu yolembedwa ndi wosewera Leonardo DiCaprio. Ola la 11 pa nkhani za chilengedwe ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Zambiri zakuwunika zomwe zili munkhani zikuwonetsa kuti ma TV ambiri anena zambiri zakusintha kwanyengo pomwe munthu wotchuka amalimbikitsa. Akatswiri amati 'charismatic megafauna.'

A Declan Fahy, pulofesa wothandizana nawo ku American University's School of Communication, akuti, anthu otchuka amakhala ndi mwayi wotsatsa ndipo amatha kuthandiza anthu ambiri. Fahy anatero, "Chikhalidwe chawo chimakhala chozama kuposa kungokwezedwa. Amapereka malingaliro ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika. Amayika nkhope zawo zolimbitsa thupi motero zimapangitsa kuti nkhaniyo ikhale yolumikizana ndi omvera, ndipo kuwalimbikitsa kuti achitepo kanthu ... mphamvu za anthu otchuka ndi zenizeni." 

Chifukwa chake zikuwoneka kuti asayansi apambana andale pazokambirana za kutentha kwa dziko. Kokha, pali vuto limodzi: palibe amene akuwonera Zaka Zokhala Moopsa. Zopelekedwazo sizinafike pamndandanda wapamwamba kwambiri wa makanema 100 apa TV ndipo zidamenyedwa ndi gawo lobwerezanso lazojambula zamakanema. Gawo loyamba linali ndi 0.07 ndipo gawo lachiwiri linali 0.04.

Mwina kugwiritsa ntchito anthu otchuka ngati ma proxies kukambirana zakusintha kwanyengo sikwabwino. Asayansi tsopano akuyenera kuyamba kufunafuna njira zosiyanasiyana. Kodi iwo adzachita chiyani? Tonse tiyenera kudikira kuti tiwone.