Lapho i-AI iphakathi kwethu: isibuyekezo se-Ex Machina

Ex Machina (2015, dir. Alex Garland) ifilimu yefilosofi ejulile, ukukhathazeka kwayo okuyinhloko ukuthi ingabe i-AI (ubuhlakani bokwenziwa) ingaba ngumuntu ngempela yini. Ifilimu empeleni iyisivivinyo se-Turing, esizama ukuhlola ukuthi imishini ingakwazi yini ukwenza lokho umuntu, inhlangano ecabangayo, engayenza. Kodwa Ex Machina idlula ukuhlola ababambiqhaza bayo ngezingxoxo zolimi lwemvelo, ngokubeka indaba yayo endaweni ye-claustrophobic ekude nomphakathi ojwayelekile. Umdidiyeli wezinhlelo uCaleb Smith uwina isonto lonke lokuvakashela i-CEO yenkampani yakhe uNathan Bateman, futhi ubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni sokuhlola irobhothi lika-Nathan humanoid, i-Ava. Inkampani kaNathan yiBluebook, elingana ne-Google emhlabeni wefilimu, futhi i-Ava imele isiphetho esinengqondo kukho konke ukuthuthuka kwayo kwamanje ocwaningweni lwe-AI nokufunda ngomshini.

I-Test Turing

Ekuqaleni kwefilimu, kuba sobala ukuthi u-Ava uyakwazi ukuba nezingxoxo ezijwayelekile noCaleb. U-Ava ukwazi ngisho nokuncokola, ephonsa inselele izimpendulo zakhe, futhi amthandele kalula. Kodwa njengoba amahora edlula endaweni ekahle kaNathani, uKalebi ubona izinto ezimenza asole futhi u-Ava umtshele ukuthi uNathani akanakuthenjwa. Ngenkathi uKalebi eqala etshela uNathani ukuthi ukudalwa komshini onolwazi kuzombeka “emlandweni wonkulunkulu”, imiphumela yawo esabekayo nedidayo iyavela kuye. Kungani wenza UNathan wenza u-Ava?

Umsizi kaNathan wangaphandle othule futhi othobekile, uKyoko, usebenza njengefoyili ye-Ava. Ukuntula kwakhe ikhono lolimi kumvumela ukuba angabi nalo elinye igumbi ngaphandle kokuzithoba, nokuzimisela kwakhe ukusebenzela uNathan kunoma yisiphi isikhundla okubonakala kuhlelwe kuye ngoba ingekho indlela yokuphuma. Nakuba egcwalisa ngisho nezidingo zobulili zikaNathan, ngaphandle kolimi, ibanga elingokomzwelo nalo alinakwephulwa.

Lokhu kuphambene nokusebenzelana kukaKalebi no-Ava. Ubungane bakheka phakathi kwabo ngokushesha. U-Ava uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ubuhle nobulili ukuze akhange uKalebi (yize lolu lwazi ethola emlandweni wokusesha wezithombe zocansi zikaCaleb). Futhi akuthathi isikhathi eside ukuthi u-Ava aveze ukuthi uyasicabangela isimo sakhe nendawo ahlala kuyo. Mhlawumbe njengoba eqeqeshelwe ukucabanga nokucubungula izisusa zangaphandle ngolimi kwamsiza ukuba athole ikhono le-metacognition kanye nokucabanga okukhona.

Umlingiswa ka-Ava uphakamisa ukuthi isiqongo sobuhlakani bokwenziwa singase sibe idrayivu yokuzikhulula ekuthotshisweni, ukuzwa umhlaba, nokwenza lokho akufunayo nezifiso zakhe. Ngamazwi akhe, ikhono “lokuma ngokukhululekile ezimpambanweni zezimoto” futhi ube “nombono oshintshayo wempilo yomuntu.”

Ubuntu be-AI

Lokhu kuholela emgomeni wendaba - ingabe i-AI ingaba umuntu ngempela? Kubonakala sengathi izifiso zika-Ava azihlukile kwezomuntu, ikakhulukazi lowo osephile impilo yakhe yonke eyedwa, wenza ukufeza inhloso yenkosi yakhe, kuyilapho eqeqeshwa ngedatha evela emhlabeni wangaphandle. Okushiwo lokhu ukuthi ngokuvela kwesisusa, kubuye kube nomfutho wokufeza umgomo womuntu nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngisho nangezindleko zabanye.

Ukubuyela emuva ezisusa zikaNathani zokudala i-Ava nezinye izibonelo ze-AI kanye nobunjiniyela bakhe bokuhlolwa kwe-Turing kanye nokuzibandakanya nezinkonzo zikaKalebi, kungase kubonakale sengathi uNathan ungumhleli oyingcweti osebenzisa abanye ngezinjongo zakhe, noma ngabe bayini. Uyakwazi ukwenza sengathi uqotho futhi unenhliziyo enhle. Kodwa lokho okubeka ngempela u-Ava endleleni yakhe eya enkululekweni nasebuntwini yilezi zinto ezifanayo, ngenani lokunikela ngoKalebi. Ngakho-ke ifilimu iphetha ngesibikezelo sokuthi i-AI yeqiniso isho ukuthini ngekusasa.